人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit3 Food and Culture Reading and Thinking 能力提升练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit3 Food and Culture Reading and Thinking 能力提升练（含解析） |  | |
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Unit 3 Reading and Thinking 能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2020山东师大附中高二上第一次月考）
US food author M.F.K. Fisher once wrote about humans, “First we eat，then we do everything else.”
This is why each year we celebrate World Food Day, which falls on Oct 16. But regardless of the importance of food around the world，food cultures often differ greatly from country to country. For example，things like chicken feet，duck heads，and pig brains are commonly eaten in Asia. If you asked most Westerners to try one of these things，though, the very thought of it would probably be enough to make them give up meat altogether.
At the same time，however，the majority of people in Western nations regard themselves as meat caters. So，what could be the reason behind this double standard？
There are a number of possible answers to that question，yet one major reason could lie in recent cultural changes. During the mid-20th century and the years following it，eating most parts of an animal was common in many Western countries such as the UK—perhaps owing to rationing（定量配给政策）as a result of World War II（1939-1945).
But later, during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased, wrote Francesco Burnett, author of Cultural History of Meat：1900-The Present.
Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs（四肢），the public’s attitude to meat soon shifted. “The animal’ gradually disappeared from meat，and people’s ignorance about what animal the meat they ate came from increased,” Burnett added.
As a result，it’s believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product，rather than as something that came from an animal.
However, this theory may go even further back if we look at the words the English language uses to describe meat. “we ‘de-animalize’ certain foods that we eat by giving them different names,” Hal Herzog, author of Why It’s So Hard To Think Straight About Animals, told online magazine Grist. “We don’t say it’s cooked pig; we say it’s pork. And we don’t say hamburger is made of cow; we say it’s made of beef.”
So it seems that there’s not one simple answer to this question. When it comes to eating meat, however, perhaps we should simply just enjoy the taste.
1. The main purpose of the first three paragraphs is to _____.
A. introduce various food cultures
B. stress Westerners’ love for food
C. show differences in Chinese and Western food cultures
D. draw attention to Westerners’ “de-animalizing” meat
2. What changed people’s attitudes toward meat in the1960s and 1970s
A. The words used to describe meat.
B. The rise of supermarkets.
C. The need for a healthier lifestyle.
D. The introduction of highways.
3. what does the underlined word “ignorance” mean in Paragraph 6
A. Blindness.
B. Fear.
C. Misunderstanding.
D. Challenge.
B
（2020辽宁凌源期中联考)
While we were growing up，our mother reminded us not to put our elbows on the table，to put our napkin in our lap，and to chew with our mouth closed until one day，elegant table manners became a natural habit.
Just as we in the U.S. practice standard etiquette（礼节）for dining，so do people in countries around the world. But when we gather around a table to eat, our table manners may differ from others’ manners, depending on where in the world they are.
In Chile, for example, it’s a bad form to eat anything with your hands，which means even sandwiches should be sliced off with a knife and picked up with a fork. Ethiopians，however，consider it wasteful to eat with utensils（器皿），and eat everything with their hands-specifically their right hand.
In parts of Peru，Argentina，Chile，and Bolivia, diners pay respect to Pachamama，the Andean goddess of fertility and harvest，by spilling（洒出）a few drops of their drink on the ground and saying, “Para la Pachamama.” This ritual is called “cha’lla”. To make an offering，some tip their glass over，and others flick（轻弹）it with two fingers.
It’s customary in Egypt to wait for someone else to refill your glass and for you to refill your neighbor’s glass when needed. If a glass is less than half full，it needs refilling. If your neighbor forgets to refill your glass，you can let him know it needs to be refilled by pouring a little more drink into his glass. It’s never acceptable，however，to refill your own glass.
In England，port（波尔图葡萄酒）is continuously passed to the left side of the table until it’s finished. Some say this has to do with the naval（海军的）tradition the—the port side of a boat is on your left if you’re facing the helm（舵）—but the true reason is unclear. If the port is not passed，it’s considered impolite to ask for it. Instead，a neighbor can ask the person who has it， “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich ” If they reply that they don’t know him, the response is，“He’s a very good chap（家伙），but he always forgets to pass the port.”
4. How do people eat in Chile
A. They seldom use utensils.
B. They prefer to use their hands.
C. They only eat sandwiches with a knife and fork.
D. They always eat with utensils.
5 In which country people practise a religious ceremony before eating their meals
A. Bolivia.
B. Ethiopia.
C. Egypt.
D. England.
6. What should you do if you want to have your glass refilled in Egypt
A. Pour a little drink into your glass.
B. Keep your glass half full.
C. Pour a little more drink into your neighbor’s glass.
D. Show your glass to your neighbor.
7.When someone says “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich ”, what does he want you to do？
A. Pass him the port.
B. Watch your manners.
C. Listen to a legend.
D. Drink the port.
Ⅱ.七选五
（2019吉林名校第一次联合考试）
Porridge doesn’t have a very tasty name，does it？ 1 . I’m here to try to convince you that porridge can be a delicious，convenient and very healthy way to start the day.
Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast, usually a type of grain with either milk or water. It is thicker than liquid，but not solid. 2 ，so it’s a very good option for people who are ill，and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.
Porridge preparation, such as the amount of materials and cooking time, depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. 3 , I put a very big handful of oats in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.
Once it’s cooked, the fun part is adding the flavor. Porridge alone doesn’t have a very strong flavor. 4 , I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a blank piece of paper—you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Seeds, nuts and dried fruits are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you don’t like these, or you’re allergic, then sugar and chocolate are also ideal options.
5 . Either oats or corn or both are “staple foods” for most people on the earth. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local ingredients to make your porridge interesting-whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.
Hopefully porridge sounds a lot tastier now!
A. If you’ve never eaten it
B. If I’m cooking for myself
C. The porridge base is very easy to digest
D. It doesn’t have a very tasty reputation, either
E. It is often heated up but lacks all kinds of nutrition
F. You can make porridge almost anywhere in the world
G. Although some people think this makes porridge boring
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
参考答案及解析：
I.
A
语篇解读：本文是说明文。大多数西方人不吃鸡爪、鸭头之类的东西，然而，与此同时，西方国家的大多数人认为自己是肉食者。文章分析了这种双重标准背后的原因。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“But regardless of the importance of food around the world，food cultures often differ greatly from country to country.” 可知，不同国家的饮食文化有很大的差异，所以前三段的目的是介绍不同的饮食文化，故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“during the 1960s and 1970s，following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased” 可知，在20世纪60年代和20世纪70年代，随着高速公路在美国和英国的引入，超市在这些国家普及开来，以及第六段中 “Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs（四肢），the public’s attitude to meat soon shifted,” 可知，由于超市的普及和便利，（超市里）很少售卖如头、四肢这样的动物部位，公众对于肉的态度很快也发生了变化。所以是超市数量的增加改变了人们对肉的态度。故选B。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据第六段中“The ‘animal’ gradually disappeared from meat”（‘动物’ 逐渐从肉类中消失），再根据第七段 “As a result，it’s believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product，rather than as something that came from an animal.” 可知，许多西方文化慢慢地开始将肉类仅仅视为一种食品，而不是来自动物的东西。也就是人们对肉的来源不了解，“ignorance”与“blindness”意思接近，在此处意为“不了解”，故选A。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上一些其他地方的餐桌礼仪。
4.D 细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，在智利，人们认为用手吃东西是不礼貌的，因此他们总是用器皿来吃饭。故选D。
5.A 细节理解题。从文章第四段中的 In parts of Peru，Argentina, Chile，and Bolivia可知，在这些地方，人们在吃饭前经常要做一个宗教仪式。故选A。
6.C 细节理解题。从文章第五段可知，在埃及，你不能自己把杯子斟满，要等邻座给你斟满杯子，如果他没注意你的杯子不满，你可以向他的杯子里多倒一些饮料来让他知道。故选C。
7.A 推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，在英国，当你需要波尔图葡萄酒被传递时，你不能直接要，而要问“你知道诺里奇的主教吗？”，故选A。
Ⅱ.语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。粥是很好的早餐，但是很多人不喜欢它，认为其寡淡无味。在读完文章之后，你会对粥有一个全新的认识。
1.D 根据前文“Porridge doesn’t have a very tasty name，does it？”可知，D项（它也没有很好的名声）符合语境。故选D。
2.C 根据后文“so it’s a very good option for people who are ill，and it provides long-lasting energy for the day”可知，C项（粥的主要配料很容易消化）符合语境。故选C。
3.B 根据后文“I put a very big handful of oats in a pot，and a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook”可知，此处作者在叙述煮粥的方法，故B项（如果我给我自己煮粥的话）符合语境。故选B。
4.G 根据后文“I think this is what makes porridge exciting”可知，此空应为与后文完全相反的观点，G项（虽然有些人认为这使粥令人厌烦）符合语境。故选G。
5.F 根据本段中“wherever you are”及本段所述内容可知，F项（你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥）符合语境。故选F。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2020山东师大附中高二上第一次月考）
US food author M.F.K. Fisher once wrote about humans, “First we eat，then we do everything else.”
This is why each year we celebrate World Food Day, which falls on Oct 16. But regardless of the importance of food around the world，food cultures often differ greatly from country to country. For example，things like chicken feet，duck heads，and pig brains are commonly eaten in Asia. If you asked most Westerners to try one of these things，though, the very thought of it would probably be enough to make them give up meat altogether.
At the same time，however，the majority of people in Western nations regard themselves as meat caters. So，what could be the reason behind this double standard？
There are a number of possible answers to that question，yet one major reason could lie in recent cultural changes. During the mid-20th century and the years following it，eating most parts of an animal was common in many Western countries such as the UK—perhaps owing to rationing（定量配给政策）as a result of World War II（1939-1945).
But later, during the 1960s and 1970s, following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased, wrote Francesco Burnett, author of Cultural History of Meat：1900-The Present.
Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs（四肢），the public’s attitude to meat soon shifted. “The animal’ gradually disappeared from meat，and people’s ignorance about what animal the meat they ate came from increased,” Burnett added.
As a result，it’s believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product，rather than as something that came from an animal.
However, this theory may go even further back if we look at the words the English language uses to describe meat. “we ‘de-animalize’ certain foods that we eat by giving them different names,” Hal Herzog, author of Why It’s So Hard To Think Straight About Animals, told online magazine Grist. “We don’t say it’s cooked pig; we say it’s pork. And we don’t say hamburger is made of cow; we say it’s made of beef.”
So it seems that there’s not one simple answer to this question. When it comes to eating meat, however, perhaps we should simply just enjoy the taste.
1. The main purpose of the first three paragraphs is to _____.
A. introduce various food cultures
B. stress Westerners’ love for food
C. show differences in Chinese and Western food cultures
D. draw attention to Westerners’ “de-animalizing” meat
2. What changed people’s attitudes toward meat in the1960s and 1970s
A. The words used to describe meat.
B. The rise of supermarkets.
C. The need for a healthier lifestyle.
D. The introduction of highways.
3. what does the underlined word “ignorance” mean in Paragraph 6
A. Blindness.
B. Fear.
C. Misunderstanding.
D. Challenge.
B
（2020辽宁凌源期中联考)
While we were growing up，our mother reminded us not to put our elbows on the table，to put our napkin in our lap，and to chew with our mouth closed until one day，elegant table manners became a natural habit.
Just as we in the U.S. practice standard etiquette（礼节）for dining，so do people in countries around the world. But when we gather around a table to eat, our table manners may differ from others’ manners, depending on where in the world they are.
In Chile, for example, it’s a bad form to eat anything with your hands，which means even sandwiches should be sliced off with a knife and picked up with a fork. Ethiopians，however，consider it wasteful to eat with utensils（器皿），and eat everything with their hands-specifically their right hand.
In parts of Peru，Argentina，Chile，and Bolivia, diners pay respect to Pachamama，the Andean goddess of fertility and harvest，by spilling（洒出）a few drops of their drink on the ground and saying, “Para la Pachamama.” This ritual is called “cha’lla”. To make an offering，some tip their glass over，and others flick（轻弹）it with two fingers.
It’s customary in Egypt to wait for someone else to refill your glass and for you to refill your neighbor’s glass when needed. If a glass is less than half full，it needs refilling. If your neighbor forgets to refill your glass，you can let him know it needs to be refilled by pouring a little more drink into his glass. It’s never acceptable，however，to refill your own glass.
In England，port（波尔图葡萄酒）is continuously passed to the left side of the table until it’s finished. Some say this has to do with the naval（海军的）tradition the—the port side of a boat is on your left if you’re facing the helm（舵）—but the true reason is unclear. If the port is not passed，it’s considered impolite to ask for it. Instead，a neighbor can ask the person who has it， “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich ” If they reply that they don’t know him, the response is，“He’s a very good chap（家伙），but he always forgets to pass the port.”
4. How do people eat in Chile
A. They seldom use utensils.
B. They prefer to use their hands.
C. They only eat sandwiches with a knife and fork.
D. They always eat with utensils.
5 In which country people practise a religious ceremony before eating their meals
A. Bolivia.
B. Ethiopia.
C. Egypt.
D. England.
6. What should you do if you want to have your glass refilled in Egypt
A. Pour a little drink into your glass.
B. Keep your glass half full.
C. Pour a little more drink into your neighbor’s glass.
D. Show your glass to your neighbor.
7.When someone says “Do you know the Bishop of Norwich ”, what does he want you to do？
A. Pass him the port.
B. Watch your manners.
C. Listen to a legend.
D. Drink the port.
Ⅱ.七选五
（2019吉林名校第一次联合考试）
Porridge doesn’t have a very tasty name，does it？ 1 . I’m here to try to convince you that porridge can be a delicious，convenient and very healthy way to start the day.
Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast, usually a type of grain with either milk or water. It is thicker than liquid，but not solid. 2 ，so it’s a very good option for people who are ill，and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.
Porridge preparation, such as the amount of materials and cooking time, depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. 3 , I put a very big handful of oats in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.
Once it’s cooked, the fun part is adding the flavor. Porridge alone doesn’t have a very strong flavor. 4 , I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a blank piece of paper—you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Seeds, nuts and dried fruits are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you don’t like these, or you’re allergic, then sugar and chocolate are also ideal options.
5 . Either oats or corn or both are “staple foods” for most people on the earth. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local ingredients to make your porridge interesting-whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are.
Hopefully porridge sounds a lot tastier now!
A. If you’ve never eaten it
B. If I’m cooking for myself
C. The porridge base is very easy to digest
D. It doesn’t have a very tasty reputation, either
E. It is often heated up but lacks all kinds of nutrition
F. You can make porridge almost anywhere in the world
G. Although some people think this makes porridge boring
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
参考答案及解析：
I.
A
语篇解读：本文是说明文。大多数西方人不吃鸡爪、鸭头之类的东西，然而，与此同时，西方国家的大多数人认为自己是肉食者。文章分析了这种双重标准背后的原因。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“But regardless of the importance of food around the world，food cultures often differ greatly from country to country.” 可知，不同国家的饮食文化有很大的差异，所以前三段的目的是介绍不同的饮食文化，故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中“during the 1960s and 1970s，following the introduction of highways in the US and the UK, the popularity of supermarkets in those countries increased” 可知，在20世纪60年代和20世纪70年代，随着高速公路在美国和英国的引入，超市在这些国家普及开来，以及第六段中 “Thanks to the popularity and convenience of supermarkets which tend not to sell animal parts such as the heads or limbs（四肢），the public’s attitude to meat soon shifted,” 可知，由于超市的普及和便利，（超市里）很少售卖如头、四肢这样的动物部位，公众对于肉的态度很快也发生了变化。所以是超市数量的增加改变了人们对肉的态度。故选B。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据第六段中“The ‘animal’ gradually disappeared from meat”（‘动物’ 逐渐从肉类中消失），再根据第七段 “As a result，it’s believed that many Western cultures slowly began to view meat as simply a food product，rather than as something that came from an animal.” 可知，许多西方文化慢慢地开始将肉类仅仅视为一种食品，而不是来自动物的东西。也就是人们对肉的来源不了解，“ignorance”与“blindness”意思接近，在此处意为“不了解”，故选A。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上一些其他地方的餐桌礼仪。
4.D 细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，在智利，人们认为用手吃东西是不礼貌的，因此他们总是用器皿来吃饭。故选D。
5.A 细节理解题。从文章第四段中的 In parts of Peru，Argentina, Chile，and Bolivia可知，在这些地方，人们在吃饭前经常要做一个宗教仪式。故选A。
6.C 细节理解题。从文章第五段可知，在埃及，你不能自己把杯子斟满，要等邻座给你斟满杯子，如果他没注意你的杯子不满，你可以向他的杯子里多倒一些饮料来让他知道。故选C。
7.A 推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，在英国，当你需要波尔图葡萄酒被传递时，你不能直接要，而要问“你知道诺里奇的主教吗？”，故选A。
Ⅱ.语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。粥是很好的早餐，但是很多人不喜欢它，认为其寡淡无味。在读完文章之后，你会对粥有一个全新的认识。
1.D 根据前文“Porridge doesn’t have a very tasty name，does it？”可知，D项（它也没有很好的名声）符合语境。故选D。
2.C 根据后文“so it’s a very good option for people who are ill，and it provides long-lasting energy for the day”可知，C项（粥的主要配料很容易消化）符合语境。故选C。
3.B 根据后文“I put a very big handful of oats in a pot，and a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook”可知，此处作者在叙述煮粥的方法，故B项（如果我给我自己煮粥的话）符合语境。故选B。
4.G 根据后文“I think this is what makes porridge exciting”可知，此空应为与后文完全相反的观点，G项（虽然有些人认为这使粥令人厌烦）符合语境。故选G。
5.F 根据本段中“wherever you are”及本段所述内容可知，F项（你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥）符合语境。故选F。