时态辨析课件(共21张PPT)

(共21张PPT)
初中时态辨析
一般现在时
一般现在时概念：
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
一般现在时使用：
①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
②表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。
③表示客观的事实或真理。
④表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）⑤在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。（主将从现）
一般现在时使用：
当主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用动词原形。
动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
规则 例子
一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音后读/z/；在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/。) Play→plays leave→leaves
swim→swims
以字母s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的词加-es，读/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。 pass →passes fix→fixes
teach→teaches wish→wishes
do→does
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 ，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/ study→studies carry→carries
fly→flies
1. He______(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School.
2. He______(have, has) classes in the afternoon.
3. He______(get, gets) up at half past six every morning.
4. He ______(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.
5. One and two _____(be, is, are) three.
6. Blue and yellow _____(make, makes) green.
7. I will go there if I ____( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.
1. I will go there when I _____(have, will have, has) time tomorrow.
2. He won’t come to the party unless he _____(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.
3 I’ll wait here until my mother ____(come, comes, will come) back.
4. Please return the book to the library as soon as you ______(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.
5. Once you _____(see, sees, will see) him, you will never forget him.
现在完成时
CHAPTER THREE
现在完成时概念：
表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时（间）, for+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。
现在完成时用法：
之非延续性动词和延续性动词
非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 但是，非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续，可与for/since等时间状语连用。
现在完成时用法：
1.时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
2.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他
3.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他
4.一般疑问句：have/has+主语 +p.p（过去分词）+其他
现在完成时用法：
之非延续性动词和延续性动词
有些同学错误地认为这类非延续性动词不能用于完成时态中。其实，错误的本质在于非延续性动词与时间段的错误搭配，与现在完成时态无关。
延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用

在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：
He has fallen asleep for an hour.
他睡了一小时了。（×）
His father has died for three years.
他父亲去世三年了。（×）
当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：
现在完成时用法：
之非延续性动词和延续性动词
将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如：
He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。）
His father has been dead for three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。）
现在完成时用法：
之非延续性动词和延续性动词
常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：
go there—be there, come back—be back, borrow—keep, buy/catch—have, arrive—be in, begin—be on, open—be open, close—be closed, die—be dead, leave—be away from, get up—be up, fall asleep—be asleep, become—be, join—be in/a member of, receive—have, catch/get a cold—have a cold, get married—be married，come → be in，finish → be over， leaver → be away
现在完成时用法：
have （has）been 和have （has） gone 的区别

have been to a place意思是“到过、去过”，表示曾到过某处，但现在人不在那儿；
have gone to a place表示“去了”，已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已经到那儿了。
现在完成时用法：
1.You have _____ a tall young man.
A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up
2. He has ____ the watch for a year.
A buy B bought C have D had
3. Has your brother _____ the dog
A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on
4. I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.
A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept
5. Have you ever _____to the Great Wall It's very beautiful.
A gone B been C went D go
6. Her brother _____the Party since 1978.
A joined B has joined C has been in D was in
7. The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China.
A will visit B visited C have visited D visit
现在完成时用法：
8.I'm sorry, I ____ your name.
A had forgotten B forgot
C have forgotten D forgotten
9 The bookshop _____ for eight years.
A has been open B has been opened
C has opened D has open
10 We have_____ all the paper so we need to buy some.
A used up B made of
C filled with D hunted for
11 The flower I ____grown up.
A planted has B planted have
C has planted D have planted
我的总结
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DESIGNED BY ALONIC