人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit3 Food and Culture易混易错点辨析学案（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit3 易混易错点辨析
●if anything；if so; if any; if ever; if ever
【教材原句】
What, if anything, do these cuisines tell you about the people who eat them (教材P26)
【辨析】
四者都是表示假设的省略句式，是英语中常见的一种句型
if anything表示“如果有什么的话”，作补充说明，类似于if any.
if so 表示“如果那样的话”，是对前面所述内容进行的肯定假设。
if ever 表示“如果曾经做过….即使曾经做过….”，是对做过事情的省略叙述。一般是现在完成时的省略。
if any 表示“如果有的话或即使有的话”，用来加强语气。
if not 表示“如果不那样的话”，是对前面所述内容的一种否定假设。
【例句呈现】
Living together didn't harm our friendship. If anything it strengthened it
在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。
I didn't do it very well, but, if anything, he did it worse than I did.
我干得不太好，但其实他干得比我还糟。
If anything, Sloan's uneasiness deepened
如果说有什么不一样的话，那就是斯隆变得越来越不安了。
If anything, the information is overwhelming.
如果与之前有区别的话，我们能掌握的信息是巨大的。
There won't be much difficulty, if any.
就算有困难，也不会太大。
The object of these experiments was to find the connection, if any, between the two phenomena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
It is too early to say what effect, if any, there will be on the workforce.
如果会对劳动力产生一些影响，现在就说是什么影响还言之过早。
Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？
If so, you're not alone-I'm the same way.
如果这样，你也不是一个人在这么做，我也是这样的。
If so, he may not be the ideal match for you.
如果他是这样的人，那么他可能不是你的真命天子。
But if so, where did the river get rerouted
但是，如果真是这样，那河流被改道到哪里去了呢？
Do you have a knack for coming up with ideas If so, we would love to hear from you.
你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗？如果有，我们很愿意收到你的来信。
Rarely, if ever, does he sidestep a question
他极少逃避问题。
She seldom, if ever, goes to the opera.
她很少去看歌剧。
And that rarely, if ever, caused anything like the Scientific Revolution.
而这些事件的结果却很难，或根本不能，与科学革命同日而语
But I say the threat is now, and there are rarely, if ever, perfect circumstances in which to deploy military forces.
但是我想说，威胁就在眼前，但出动军事力量这种事几乎不存在什么完美的前提。
Many, if not most, scientific papers are presented orally at scientific meetings
许多科学论文，即便不是大多数，都是以口头形式在科学会议上发表的。
Are you pressed for time, Mr. Bayliss If not, I suggest we have lunch.
你时间紧吗，贝利斯先生？如果不紧，不如我们一起吃午饭吧。
【考点过关】
用if anything, if so, if any, if ever和if not填空
1. Mary is too only ready to help others, seldom, ______, refusing them when they turn to her.
2. What kind of advertisements do you read or watch in this kind of magazines, _______？
3. I might be away next week. _______, I won’t be able to see you.
4. Have you ever read this chapter ______, we encourage you to read this chapter carefully.
5. Are there any mistake in my article ______, Correct mistakes, please．
6. -- Have you ever been to the Great Wall
-- Perhaps not in my memory. ______, it might have been during my early childhood.
7. The weather forecast says there will be heavy rain tomorrow. ______, we’ll stay at home.
8. There are few, ______, mistakes in the book.
9. His children rarely, ______, see him at his place of work.
10. If it clears up this afternoon, we’ll go camping; ______ , we will have classes.
11. She seldom, ______ , goes to the cinema.
12. If the food tastes good, we’ll buy some; ______, not.
13. The island is seldom, ______, visited by ships.
14. ______, now would be a good time to expand its balance sheet.
15. _______, gender (性别) plays a very important role in the brain even though we are not clear exactly how.
16. _______, we want to show the code,
17. _______, swimming will appeal to her most strongly
【参考答案】
1. if ever; 2. if any; 3. If so; 4. If not; 5. if any; 6. If ever; 7. If so; 8. if any; 9. if ever; 10. if not; 11. if ever; 12. if not; 13. if ever; 14. If anything; 15. If anything; 16. If anything; 17. If anything
●seem; appear
【教材原句】
Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. (教材P26)
【辨析】
两者都有“看起来（好像、似乎…）”的意思，一般可以换用，但在个别殊结构用上的用法上有一定的区别。
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实，常用于以下机构中：
①seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
②seem to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③it seems that从句 好像….
④seem like…..看起来像….
⑤it seems as if/though…..看起来好像…….
⑥there seem to be….好像有…..
温馨提示：
①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/though…..结构中，一般不能换成appear
②appear 表示“出现”时，不可与seem 换用
appear强调自身表现出, 流露出；appear 指外表给人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象，不确定性更大一些，常用于以下结构或词组中：
① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
② appear to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it appears that从句 好像….
④ what appears to be…看起来像….的东西
⑤ there appears to be…. 似乎/好像有……
⑥ appear out of nowhere 突然冒出来
⑦ appear overnight 一夜之间出现（反义：disappear overnight）
【例句呈现】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一天，一个陌生人出现在我家门前。
She tried hard to appear/seem (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静。
There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear/seem to do better.
有证据显示有生活目标的人似乎表现得更加出色。
It seemed like a good idea.
这主意好像不错。
The theory without practice seems/appears to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车。
It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎。
Everyone in the picture seems/appears to have put on some weight, don’t they
照片中每个人好像胖了，是不是？
He doesn’t seem/appear to be happy.
他看起来不高兴。
She seemed/appeared to have caught a cold.
她好像感冒了。
【考点过关】
用appear, seem的适当形式填空
He _______ to have traveled a lot.
He ________ to be very tired now.
He ________ to be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, not like a thief at all.
It _______ as if he didn’t love her at all at that time.
It _________ to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
It ________ that he had a taste for music.
There ________ to be some disagreement between his words and actions at present.
It _______ like rain now.
【参考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems
●offer; supply; provide
【教材原句】
The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us. (教材P26)
Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. (教材P32)
【辨析】
三者都可表示 “供给、提供”，但用法表达有一定区别。
offer 表示“提出，提供；呈现”，着重强调主动向别人提供物品、帮助和服务等。常用于offer to do sth..；offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to/for sb./sth. 句型。
supply表示“供应；补充；弥补”，一般强调替换或补足所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求，常用于supply sb. with sth.= supply sth. to sb.结构。还可作名词，意为“供给（量）；物资；存货”，常用复数形式。
provide表示“供给，提供，装备；准备”，常强调有预见，通过储存等方式为应对意外、紧急情况等做准备，以便需要时提供所需物品。常用于provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb.结构。有时supply 和 provide 可以互换。
【例句呈现】
Supplies of food are almost exhausted.
贮存的食物快吃完了。
We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.
我们不能保证提供充足的原料。
A transport plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees has arrived.
一架为难民运送食物和医疗用品的运输机已经到了。
Their aim was to block guerrilla supply lines.
他们的目的是封锁游击队的供给线。
They are at the end of their food supply.
他们的食物储备已消耗殆尽。
We are here to provide a service for the public.
我们来这里是为公众服务。
The company has won a contract to supply books and materials to schools.
这家公司得到了一份向学校供应图书资料的合同。
Water supplies to the house are at low pressure.
这房子的供水压很低。
The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.
这家医院承诺要提供最好的医疗服务。
The network will provide computer services to your home.
这个网络将为家庭提供全方位的计算机服务。
A firewall provides an essential security blanket for your computer network.
防火墙为计算机网络提供了基本安全保障。
The school provided food for the students.
学校为学生提供伙食。
They provided us with all the books we need.
他们为我们提供所需要的所有书籍。
The bank provided/supplied him with a loan $100,000.
银行为他提供了10万美元的贷款。
She offered me a cup of tea.
她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出代替我去。
Several people were passing but nobody offered to help.
有几个人擦肩而过，却没有人主动提出帮助。
She offered us five different kinds of cake.
她给我们提供了五种不同的蛋糕。
【考点过关】
根据supply, provide和offer的用法填空
1. Our _______ (supply) were running out.
2. Teachers provide a model ______ children to imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (provide) assistance to people in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) to people all over the country.
5. Cows supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each house in bottles.
7. We _______ (offer, provide) customers a free home delivery service.
8. The statistics offer further support _______ our theory.
9. We _______ (offer , supply, provide) a personal service to all our customers.
10. His company offers a flexible packaging service _______ the food industry.
【参考答案】
1. supplies; 2. for/to; 3. provide; 4. supplied; 5. with; 6. to; 7. offer; 8. to/for; 9. offer/supply/provide; 10. for/to
●the rest of….；plenty of….
【教材原句】
This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者意思不同，用法不同。
the rest of... 意思是“其余的，剩下的”，可以修饰人和物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据of 后边的名词或代词来确定，如果of 后面是复数可数名词或复数代词，谓语动词用复数；如果of后面是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。有时可以根据上下文，把the res of ….中的of…部分省去。
plenty of 意思是“充足的，足够的，大量的”，可修试饰人和物，意思和用法与
a lot of…/lots of….相同，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据of后面的名词来确
定，of后面是不可数名词时，谓语用单数，of 后面是复数名词或代词时，谓语
动词用复数。温馨提示：plenty of 前面不能加冠词, plenty 也不用复数形式，一
般用在肯定句中。in plenty 大量，充足，富足。
【例句呈现】
He was to regret that decision for the rest of his life.
他终生都将后悔做出了那一决定。
Jack divided up the rest of the cash.
杰克把余下的现金分了。
These findings are at odds with what is going on in the rest of the country.
这些研究结果与国内其他地区的实际情况并不相符。
The rest of the men had the day off
其他人这天没上班。
They were scientifically and technologically greatly in advance of the rest of the world.
它们在科学技术上大大超过了世界其它国家。
The rest of the room was neat and impersonal.
房间的其余部分整洁干净，没有个人色彩。
It's a city with fine buildings and plenty of open space.
这座城市既有漂亮的建筑又有开阔的空地。
There's still plenty of scope for improvement.
还有很大的改进余地。
I'm anxious that we should allow plenty of time.
我殷切希望我们能留出充裕的时间。
There should be plenty of time to go shopping before we leave New York.
我们离开纽约前还应该有充足的时间去逛商店。
There are plenty of ways you can cut costs on your trip without slumming.
在旅行中，有许多办法既可以减少开销又不至于显得寒酸。
Some people live in plenty, while others haven't enough to eat.
一些人过着丰衣足食的生活，而另一些人却吃不饱。
【考点过关】
根据the rest of…. 和plenty的用法填空
1. Plenty of people ______ (wait) for rescue in the earthquake stricken area in Sichuan at that time.
2. There are 30 students in our class; 15 of us are boys, and the rest of us ______ (be) boys.
3. Some books are in the classroom, but the rest of them ______ (be) in the library.
4. They bought much mild. Some was sent to an old woman, and the rest of it ______ (give) to those boys in the village.
5. One third of the boys are doing home work, but the rest of them ____ (watch) TV.
6. Some clothes are still there now, but the rest of them ______ (steal) yesterday.
7. Two thirds of the students will go home during the summer vacation and the rest _______ (be) going to travel.
8. Most water was sent to wash the car and the rest _______ (use) to drink.
9. Some persons are planting trees, and the rest _____ (water) them.
10. I drank only a little of the wine, and the rest ______ (drink) by him.
11. Look, the rest of the eggs _______ (go) bad.
12. There was food and drink _______ plenty.
13. There ________ (be) plenty of restaurants to choose from now.
14. He lived ______ plenty during the rest of his days.
15. There _________ (be) plenty of water in the river in the past.
【参考答案】
1. were waiting; 2. are; 3. are; 4. was given; 5. are watching; 6. were stolen; 7. are;
8. was used; 9. are watering; 10. was drunk; 11. has gone; 12. in; 13. are; 14. In; 15.
was
●quantity; amount
【教材原句】
Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. (教材P32)
It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next. (教材P32)
【辨析】
quantity 意思是“数量； 大量”，常构成以下短语：
①a large quantity of…./large quantities of ……大量，后面既可以跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity 的单复数来确定，如果quantity 是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果quantity是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
②in quantity = in large quantities 大量地
amount 意思是“数量；数额；总数”，做动词是“达到，相当，等同”的意思， 常构成以下短语：
①a huge/large amount of…./large amounts of….大量，许多，后面一般接不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词根据amount来确定，如果amount 是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果amount是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
②amount to….达到；合计为；相当于，等于
【例句呈现】
The police found a quantity of drugs at his home.
警察在他家发现了大量毒品。
It is usually economical to buy washing powder in large quantities.
大量购买洗衣粉通常要省钱些。
A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid.
在这次突击行动中起获了大量毒品。
A swoop by customs officers netted a large quantity of drugs.
海关人员突然袭击，缉获大量毒品。
The Customs have seized large quantities of smuggled heroin.
海关查获了大量走私的海洛因。
It's just very time consuming to get such a large quantity of data.
获取如此大量的数据非常费时。
Modern computers can organize large amounts of data very quickly.
现代计算机能迅速处理大量的信息资料。
There is still an immense amount of work to be done.
还有非常非常多的工作没有做。
Somewhere along the line a large amount of money went missing.
有一笔巨款在某一环节上不翼而飞。
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
The tank had leaked a small amount of water.
水箱渗漏出少量的水。
The total collection last week amounted to 250.
上周的募捐总额达250英镑。
【考点过关】
根据quantity和amount的用法填空。
1. A large quantity of air conditions ________ (sell) since the summer came.
2. It's a pity that large quantities of wood ______ (waste) that way all over the world.
3. There _______ (be) a large quantity of rain in this area.
4. When you are travelling, don’t display large _______ of cash to others.
5. A large quantity of crops _________ (destroy) by the hurricane last week.
6. Large quantities of milk _______ (send) to the children in poor area the day before yesterday.
7. Large amounts of money _______ (spent) on building the bridge last year.
8. They buy cotton _______ quantity.
9. There _______ (be) only a small amount of food.
10. The villagers planted different kinds of trees _______ large quantities on the hill last year.
11. My income for that week amounted ________ &112.
12. As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert _______ (cover) the land so far.
13. Keeping what belongs to another ______ (amount) to stealing.
14. With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ (wash) away each year.
15. Huge quantities of oil ________ (ship) to Japan last year.
【参考答案】
1. have been sold 2. have been wasted; 3. is; 4. amounts/quantities; 5. was destroyed; 6. were sent; 7. were spent; 8. in; 9. is; 10. in; 11. to; 12. has covered; 13. amounts; 14. are being washed; 15. were shipped
●contain; include
【教材原句】
The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. (教材P32)
Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。
contain 表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。
include 表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include 后面时，include 用-ing形式，放在前面时，include 用-ed形式
【例句呈现】
Your duties will include setting up a new computer system.
你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.
I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
The movie won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.
你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。
Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
We all went, me included.
我们都去了，连我在内。
The committee includes representatives from industry.
这个委员会包括产业界的代表。
Local activities include walking, boating and golf.
当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。
The box contains old photographs and souvenirs.
那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。
It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。
The bottle contains two glasses of beer.
这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。
The pill contains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素。
【考点过关】
根据include, contain 的用法用其适当形式填空
1. It was found that her blood _______ poison.
2. The city has dozens of factories, _______ a power plant and a steelworks.
3. This drink doesn't ________ any alcohol.
4. Six students were playing table tennis, two girls ________.
5. Their diet ________ a lot of fat at present.
6. I ________ apples on the list of things to buy today.
7. How much water does this bottle ________
8. We all know that this book _________ ten short stories.
9. Sea water _________ plenty of salt.
10. My uncle has a lot of duties, _________ taking care of these children.
【参考答案】
1. contained; 2. including; 3. contain; 4. included; 5. contains; 6. include; 7. contain; 8. includes; 9. contains; 10. including
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