人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit3 Food and Culture单元限时作业（含解析）

Unit3 单元限时作业
一、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：329 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
I love sleeping. It's something I'm good at. There's nothing better than nodding off on the sofa in front of the TV and when my head hits the pillow at night，I have no problem falling into a deep sleep within minutes. There is one place where I never nap（打盹）and that's at work-but new research suggests I should！
The idea of you and your colleagues heading off for a lie-down in the afternoon may seem strange，but some companies such as Google and Facebook actually encourage it，because it's thought that a power nap makes them more refreshed and more focused，and this in turn makes them more productive.
An Australian health writer called Victoria is a founder of a campaign called NapNow which is trying to make sleeping at work more acceptable. She calls herself a “naptivist”！She says，"I think that our culture is a bit crazy not to accept it...It's time to end the common work principle which is all about working longer and harder.”
So should we all be taking a sleeping bag and pillow to work with us A few years ago, research by the East of England Development Agency found 30% of people have their best ideas in bed compared to just 11% who have them at the desk. That suggests people are more creative when they are relaxed, and the agency has called for companies to put beds in the workplace.
A nap in the afternoon is nothing new. In certain hot countries, such as Spain, a short rest or sleep in the afternoon-called a siesta-is perfectly normal. So maybe we should break from the traditional nine-to-five work culture and take up the siesta. The UK's The Sleep Council claims that the nine-to-five working day does not fit into the natural sleeping pattern of the human race and says that bosses need to introduce a more sleep-friendly working day.
1. Why are the employees of Google allowed to take a nap in the afternoon in the workplace
A. They are expected to work better.
B. They can't focus their attention on the work.
C. They are running the NapNow campaign.
D. They have difficulty in falling asleep at night.
2. The underlined word "naptivist" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to someone who________.
A. takes no nap at work
B. enjoys napping at work
C. studies sleeping at work
D. fights against working long hours
3. According to the passage, what can we learn about siesta
A. It is a newly practical pattern.
B. It has been taken up in Finland.
C. It is of traditional work culture.
D. It fits into the natural sleeping pattern.
4. What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage
A. To explain how to nap at work.
B. To show how the new study was carried out.
C. To tell us the importance of sleeping at work.
D. To call for more sleep-friendly work culture.
二、刷七选五
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：255 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[辽宁协作校2021高二联考]
Using Healthy Cooking Methods Is Important Eating healthier meals is a big part of taking good care of yourself and your family，but eating healthier meals doesn't mean you have to give up your favourite food. 1
Boil vegetables and meat without using any oils or fats. 2 It's not only healthier than using lots of fats，but also keeps the nutrients of food. All you need to boil food is a large pot，water，and a little bit of salt. Carrots，cabbages，potatoes，chicken and beef are just a few choices of food you can boil.
Steam vegetables and fish to keep all the nutrients unbroken. You can place a steamer basket over a pot of boiling water and place them in the steamer basket to contain all the juices. Simply bring a pot of water to boil. 3 Add your food to the basket. Add some salt or lemon juice to your steamed vegetables or fish for some extra flavour.
4 Barbecue is great from a certain point of view because it makes your meat soft and tasty while also letting the fat drip away from it, which is healthier for you. It also passes on a nice flavour to meat and vegetables. You can roast steak and chicken, as well as vegetables, like potatoes, peppers, onions, and even lettuce.
Try eating raw foods to avoid losing any nutrient through cooking. Focus on eating uncooked foods. 5 Eating only raw foods isn't recommended for children or women who are pregnant.
A. Place your steamer basket on top.
B. Roast meat and vegetables for less fat.
C. Fruit and vegetables are good for health.
D. Boiling is a simple and healthy way to cook.
E. Fruit, vegetables and nuts can be eaten uncooked.
F. Eating healthily means cooking less meat but more vegetables.
G. Learn how to cook food in a healthier way may help eat healthily.
三、刷完形填空
体裁：议论文 题材：社会现象 词数：253 难度：中 建议用时：13分钟
[山东枣庄八中2021高二月考]Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10minutes before eating？My friend Stella is such an example. Every time we went to a restaurant，she would not take a bite until all the dishes we 1 were on the table. Then she would spend five minutes in 2 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact 3 order. Then came the most important part：taking pictures. After that，she would choose one of the 4 and click in the filter（滤镜）app. The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was，but we had no 5 to really enjoy it-it all went cold. Actually Stella's real life is much less elegant. For example，she hates to wash the dishes，so she leaves them in the sink for days.
Many people care too much about others' opinions，and try too hard to 6 others. They find it hard to be 7 and to accept themselves，and thus they are afraid to show their 8 life on social media. What they are trying to prove is 9 what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any 10 to reality，as they still 11 the same old pattern of life.
If they really want an elegant life，they should put more 12 into achieving it 13 fabricating（捏造）it. Being more confident， 14 themselves and trying their best to be better are much more meaningful than 15 their life on social media.
1. A. ordered B. served C. offered D. prepared
2. A. cooking B. washing C. setting D. collecting
3. A. messy B. arranged C. casual D. missed
4. A. dishes B. restaurants C. tables D. pictures
5. A. chance B. choice C. excuse D. reason
6. A. comfort B. please C. inspire D. discourage
7. A. independent B. generous C. responsible D. confident
8. A. real B. secret C. peaceful D. healthy
9. A. rarely B. hardly C. exactly D. nearly
10. A. difficulty B. change C. guidance D. harm
11. A. question B. dislike C. doubt D. follow
12. A. effort B. ambitions C. feelings D. money
13. A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
14. A. identifying B. accepting C. persuading D. amusing
15. A. simplifying B. ruining C. beautifying D. worsening
四、刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：167 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[河北沧州一中2021高二月考]One important early rail line was the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway， 1 （complete）in 1909.Other rail lines then under development relied on Western financing and assistance， 2 Zhangjiakou was an important trading post with Russia and the Chinese government felt the line was a high priority，so it decided that the construction should be done all by the Chinese. Hence，Zhan Tianyou 3 （give）this important job. When he was 12，he was sent by the government to study in the US， 4 he graduated from high school and Yale University. After his return to China，he gained experience from 5 （work）on the railroad between Beijing and Shenyang，before being given the 6 （responsible）of building the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Through his skill，the railroad was finished two years ahead of schedule.
7 （unfortunate），the development of the Chinese rail networks 8 （be）soon stalled by war.
In the 1950s，the government began 9 renewed push to develop the networks，repairing damaged lines，filling in the gaps and lengthening lines still 10 （far）so that most of the major cities would be connected.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
五、刷应用文写作
难度：中 建议用时：20分钟
[江苏南京二十九中2021高二调研]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
No Time With a broad smile on her lips，15-year old Sirin rushed to her mum to show off her new painting. But Mum raised her eyebrows with eyes wide open，and spoke in an impatient tone，"No time，baby. Right now I am busy with an important talk. Just wait for some time，OK？”
Holding her oil painting，she frowned（皱眉），and then searched for her dad.
“Dad，see what I have done，”Sirin announced aloud in a thrilling voice. Her dad turned around while adjusting his tie，grinned at her，and showed his thumbs up！
Immediately，Sirin replied angrily，“Dad，you haven't seen it yet."
He smiled at her saying，"No time，baby. I will see it later." He just patted her back lovingly，kissed her forehead，and rushed for his office.
She was not a kid to be pleased with a simple gesture or smile. She stood there for a few seconds，and then stormed into her own bedroom. Hot air was blowing from her nostrils（鼻孔）；her face turned into apple red. She threw the painting on the table，slammed（把…….地关上）the door and threw herself on her bed.
“Why is everybody so busy？"She recalled thousands of incidents that hurt her in pre-school，middle school and even in high school too！She assumed at least her own family members would give some value to her thoughts，but they were no exception. Unconsciously，her eyes were filled with tears.
The knocking sound on the door put a sudden brake on her thought. Her mum was calling her for dinner.
Sirin deliberately came late to join them. She kept silent and didn't look at anyone，scratching the table mat with her nails. Her mum was puzzled at her unusual behaviour. Suddenly，the morning incident crossed her mind..
Softly，she asked，“Honey，did I do anything wrong？”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
At this very moment，Sirin could no longer resist her anger. __________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When back from school the next day, Sirin was surprised to see her beautifully-decorated painting on the ________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了工作间隙的小睡可以让我们更好地投入工作。
1.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的a power nap makes them more refreshed and more focused，and this in turn makes them more productive可知，谷歌和脸书这样做的目的是让员工在工作中精力更加充沛、更加专注，因而更有创造性。故选A项。
2.B词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句中的which is trying to make sleeping at work more acceptable可知，naptivist指“喜欢在工作期间小睡的人”。故选B项。
3.D推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，在天气炎热的西班牙，下午小睡一会儿是非常正常的事情，A项中的newly与此不符。文中未提及芬兰，且芬兰不是天气炎热的国家，B项错误。传统的工作文化是朝九晚五，下午不休息，C项错误。由第五段最后一句可知，传统的朝九晚五的工作方式与人类自然的睡眠模式不符，即siesta与自然的睡眠模式相符，故D项正确。
4.D推理判断题。作者在第一段表明了自己喜欢睡觉，后面通过分析有些企业让员工下午小睡一会儿的用意以及一些研究结果进一步告诉人们：在工作期间小睡一会儿更能提高工作效率。故选D项。
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。吃健康的食物是照顾好你自己和你的家人的重要组成部分，但是吃健康的食物并不意味着你必须放弃你最喜欢的食物。文章主要说明了如何以更健康的方式烹调食物。
1.G根据上文Eating healthier meals is a big part of taking good care of yourself and your family，but eating healthier meals doesn't mean you have to give up your favourite food.（吃更健康的食物是照顾好你自己和你的家人的重要组成部分，但是吃更健康的食物并不意味着你必须放弃你最喜欢的食物）并结合后文主要说明了烹饪方式可知，本句属于过渡句，承上启下，说明以更健康的方式烹调食物可能有助于健康饮食。故G选项“学习如何以更健康的方式烹调食物可能有助于健康饮食”符合语境。
2.D根据上文Boil vegetables and meat without using any oils or fats.以及后文It's not only healthier than using lots of fats，but also keeps the nutrients of food.可知，本句属于过渡句，说明“煮”这种烹饪方式的好处。上文中Boil可对应到D选项中的Boiling。故D选项“煮是一种简单又健康的烹饪方法”符合语境。
3.A根据上文Simply bring a pot of water to boil.以及后文Add your food to the basket.可知，本句应当是在说明蒸食物的操作过程，后文the basket可对应到A选项中的steamer basket。故A选项“把蒸篮放在上面”符合语境。
4.B根据后文Barbecue is great from a certain point of view because it makes your meat soft and tasty while also letting the fat drip away from it，which is healthier for you. It also passes on a nice flavour to meat and vegetables. You can roast steak and chicken，as well as vegetables，like potatoes，peppers，onions，and even lettuce.（从某种角度来说，烧烤是很棒的，因为它让肉变得柔软可口，同时也让脂肪从肉中流失，这对你来说更健康。它也能给肉类和蔬菜带来好味道。你可以烤牛排和鸡肉，也可以烤土豆、辣椒、洋葱甚至生菜等蔬菜）可知，本段主要是在说明“烤”这种烹饪方式的好处。后文中Barbecue与You can roast steak and chicken可对应到B选项中的Roast。故B选项“烤肉和蔬菜以减少脂肪（含量）”符合语境。
5.E根据上文Focus on eating uncooked foods.以及后文Eating only raw foods isn't recommended for children or women who are pregnant.可知，本句承接上文，进一步列举可以生吃的食物。上文中uncooked foods可对应到E选项中的be eaten uncooked。故E选项“水果、蔬菜和坚果可以生吃”符合语境。
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化自己的生活，作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果想要优雅的生活，他们应该更加努力，而不是制造假象。
1.A句意为：每次我们去饭馆（吃饭），直到我们点的菜都上桌了她才会开始吃。根据句意可知，此处是指作者与友人点的菜被端上桌，故选A项。
2.C句意为：然后她会花五分钟以一种看起来随意实际是布置好的顺序来摆菜品。根据下文的Then came the most important part：taking pictures.可推测，她要把菜品摆好来拍照，故选C项。
3.B messy意为“杂乱的”；arranged意为“布置好的”；casual意为“随意的”；missed意为“错过的”。根据语境可知，此处应选择一个和random相反的词，故选B项。
4.D句意为：之后，她会选择一张照片，然后在滤镜应用程序中操作起来。根据上文的taking pictures可知，此处指“照片”，pictures是原词复现，故选D项。
5.A句意为：最后，食物看起来比事实上的美味10倍，但是我们没有机会真正地享用——它们都凉了。结合上下文可知，此处是指因为有人拍照，所以食物变凉，使大家错过了享受美食的机会，故选A项。
6.B句意为：很多人过于在乎别人的观点，并且尽全力去取悦别人。comfort 意为“安慰”；please意为“使高兴”；inspire意为“启发”；discourage意为“使泄气”。根据上文的Many people care too much about others' opinions可知，此处指“取悦别人”，故选B项。
7.D句意为：他们认为自信很困难、很难接受自己，因此他们害怕把自己真实的生活展现在社交媒体上。independent意为“独立的”；generous意为“慷慨的”；responsible意为“负责的”；confident 意为“自信的”。根据下文thus they are afraid to show their life on social media可知，他们觉得接受自己很困难，由此推测他们不自信，故选D项。
8.A根据下文的what they lack in reality可知，此处指“他们真实的生活”，real和reality是同根词，故选A项。
9.C句意为：他们尽力想要证明的，恰好是他们在现实生活中缺乏的。rarely意为“很少”；hardly意为“几乎不”；exactly 意为“确切地；恰好”；nearly 意为“几乎”。根据下文what they lack in reality可知，此处是指人们在社交媒体上展示的东西，恰好是自己现实生活中所缺乏的东西，故选C项。
10.B句意为：但这不会给现实生活带来任何改变，因为他们依然遵循旧的生活模式。根据下文的as they still the same old pattern of life可知，他们的现实生活并没有改变，故选B项。
11.D根据still和the same可推断，此处是指他们依然按原来的方式生活，用“遵循”符合语境，故选D项。
12.A句意为：如果他们真的想要优雅的生活，他们应该付出更多的努力来实现它而不是捏造它。effort意为“努力”；ambition意为“追求”；feeling意为“感情”；money意为“金钱”。根据常识可知，想要美好的生活，就必须付出努力，故选A项。
13.C other than 意为“除了”；more than 意为“极其”；rather than意为“而不是”；less than意为“少于”。根据语境可知，上下文是对比关系，故选C项。
14.B句意为：自信、接受自己并尽最大努力变得更好，比在社交媒体上美化自己的生活更有意义。identify 意为“识别”；accept意为“接受”；persuade意为“说服”；amuse 意为“使高兴”。根据上文的They find it hard to be and to accept themselves可知，此处指“接受”，accept是原词复现，故选B项。
15.Csimplify意为“简化”；ruin意为“毁掉”；beautify意为“美化”；worsen意为“（使）恶化”。根据第一段的After that，she would choose one of the and click in the filter app.可知，此处指在社交媒体上“美化”自己的生活，故选C项。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章简单地介绍了京张铁路线的修建史。
1.completed句意为：一条重要的早期铁路线是1909年建成的京张铁路。本句已有谓语动词was且与设空处无连词连接，此处用非谓语动词形式，the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway 和动词complete是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作名词短语 the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway的后置定语。故填completed。
2.but/yet 句意为：当时正在开发的其他铁路线依赖西方的融资和援助，但张家口是中俄间的重要贸易站，中国政府认为这条铁路（的修建）是当务之急，因此决定（修建工作）全部由中国人承担。由前后句语义可知，此处表转折，应用连词but/yet。故填but/yet。
3.was given句意为：因此，詹天佑得到了这份重要的工作。此处缺少谓语，本文介绍京张铁路线的修建，是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语Zhan Tianyou和谓语动词give之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。故填 was given。
4.where句意为：12岁时，他被政府派往美国留学，在这里，他从高中毕业，然后又从耶鲁大学毕业。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the US，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
5.working句意为：回到中国后，他从北京和沈阳之间的铁路上工作获得经验，后来被赋予修建京张铁路的责任。本句已有谓语动词gained且与设空处之间无连词连接，此处用非谓语形式，主语he和动词work是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填working。
6.responsibility 句意见上一题解析。设空处作宾语，应用名词形式，当responsibility表示“责任，负责”时，为不可数名词。故填responsibility。
7.Unfortunately句意为：不幸的是，中国铁路网的发展很快就因战争而停滞不前。由句意可知，此处用副词作状语修饰后面整个句子，首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。
8.was句意见上一题解析。此处缺少谓语，本文介绍发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语the development of the Chinese rail networks和动词stall是被动关系，用被动语态；主语是单数，谓语也用单数形式。故填was。
9.a句意为：在20世纪50年代，政府开始为发展铁路网络做出新的努力，修复受损的线路、填补缺口、进一步延长线路，以便将大部分主要城市连接起来。此处泛指“一次新的努力”，renewed的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a表泛指。故填a。
10.farther/further句意见上一题解析。由句意可知，此处指“将线路延长得更远”，应用副词far的比较级farther/further。故填farther/further。
刷应用文写作
【写作提示】
（1）. 材料导读
15岁的西林嘴角挂着灿烂的笑容，跑到爸爸妈妈面前炫耀她的新画作。但是爸爸妈妈并没有给予真正的关注和欣赏，而是不耐烦地表示没有时间。这让西林非常地生气。
（2）续写分析
（1）根据第一段首句At this very moment，Sirin could no longer resist her anger.的提示，我们可以围绕西林开始发泄自己的愤怒展开构思。
（2）根据第二段首句When back from school the next day，Sirin was surprised to see her beautifully-decorated painting on the wall.可以推知，爸爸妈妈可能意识到他们忽略了西林的感受，所以把她的画装饰得很漂亮，并挂在了墙上。第二段可以围绕西林与爸爸妈妈的进一步交流展开构思。
续写线索：西林开始发怒——发怒时的状态以及语言—妈妈的反思——西林上学回来发现自己的画被很好地装饰——西林内心的感受——和妈妈开始交流并且为自己昨天的行为表示抱歉。
（3）提分词句
assume，feel proud of，appreciate，throw her arms around her tightly，burst out crying，aware of，tears streaming down（独立主格结构），Shocked（形容词作状语），announcing regretfully and firmly（现在分词作状语），On seeing it（时间状语），It dawned on them that...（It为形式主语，that从句为真正主语）。
【参考范文】
At this very moment, Sirin could no longer resist her anger. "Why is everybody so busy " she roared, tears streaming down. She assumed that her mum and dad would feel proud of her great talent, would appreciate her painting but she was disgusted with everybody having "no time" for her. "I hate you!" She screamed, grabbed the painting on the table and tore it in half. Shocked, Mum threw her arms around her tightly, announcing regretfully and firmly, "Baby, I am so sorry! I promise this mistake will not be repeated."
When back from school the next day, Sirin was surprised to see her beautifully-decorated painting on the wall. It was beautifully framed and just below the painting, it was written "We are so proud of you, our little angel!" On seeing it, she burst out crying. She ran to her mum and embraced her tightly as well, fully aware of her mum's love.
Recalling her mum's stress from work and daily life, she was regretful about her previous behaviour. She ducked her head, apologising,"Sorry, Mum!" It dawned on them that though everything came and went, mutual understanding would stay forever in their family.
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