人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit4Journey Across a Vast Land 单元考点突破学案（有答案）

名师原创：Unit4 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. arise vi.(arose，arisen) 起身；出现；由……引起
【原句再现】
The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
arise from/out of….. 由……而引起；由……而产生；从……中产生
arise from... 从……上站起来
arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument/problem/quarrel/ question/movement等
【精品例句】
As we all know，most car accidents arise from carelessness.
众所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。
During the night a great storm has arisen.
夜里来了一场大风暴。
He formed a picture of his future that arose bright and colorful in his mind.
他脑海中浮现出一幅光明灿烂的未来景象。
The current debate arose from/out of the concerns of parents.
目前的争执是由父母的担心引起的。
【高考链接】
We often meet with a difficulty ______ (arise) out of the peculiar natural conditions. （浙江卷）(arising)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I arose ________ the chair to answer the doorbell. (from)
As we all know，most car accidents arise out ______ carelessness. (of)
2. take sb.'s breath away令人惊叹
【原句再现】
When the train arrived at the station，they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
breath n. 呼吸；气息
breathless气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的
breathlessly气喘吁吁地；呼吸急促地
breathe in吸气；吸入
breathe out呼气；呼出
take a deep breath深吸一口气
draw in a breath of fresh air吸一口清新的空气
catch one's breath缓 一口气；歇口气
hold one's breath屏息；憋住气
out of breath 上气不接下气
【精品例句】
When we breathe, the air goes into our lungs. 吸气时，空气就进入了我们的肺部
People are concerned about the quality of the air they breathe.
人们很担心他们所呼吸的空气的质量
Breathe in and hold your breath for as long as possible.
吸气，并尽可能长时间地屏住呼吸
Take a deep breath and then breathe out when I tell you.深深吸口气，我告诉你时再呼气
Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳
These gorgeously lit images will take your breath away！
这些华丽的灯光图像将会使您屏息凝神！
Life is not the amount of breaths you take，it's the moments that take your breath away.
生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。
The entertainer's performances often take our breath away.
那个演艺人员的表演经常令人咋舌。
【高考链接】
We had great difficulty in _______ (breathe), for the air was thin.（河南卷）(breathing)
Jack took a deep _______ (breathe) and then dived into the water. （陕西卷）(breath)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Eric came running into the room, out of ________ (breathe). (breath)
I was breathless _______ (breathlessly) after climbing the stairs. (breathless)
Reaching the top of the tower, he was out of _________ (breathe). (breath)
3. bound adj. 准备前往 (某地)；一定会
【原句再现】
They spent the night，and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事；有义务做某事
be bound for …. 开往；飞往；驶往
be bound up with sth. 与某事有密切关系
be bound up in sth. 忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事
【精品例句】
He is bound up in his work which is bound up with the welfare of the community.
他忙于工作，这项工作与社区福利事业有密切联系。
This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing.
这列火车是从上海开往南京的。
Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble
谁说造像人一样的机器人是注定要惹出麻烦的？
He is bound to succeed in his enterprise.
他在事业上一定会成功。
【高考链接】
So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound ______ (achieve) success．(陕西卷) (to achieve)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We'd better take a plane (that is) bound _______ China. (for)
We are bound _______ (do) what we can to help the disabled. (to do)
4. freeze vi & vt (froze，frozen) ; (使) 结冰; 冰冷; (人) 冻僵; (水管、机器等) 冻住; 冷冻; 冷藏; 僵住;不动
【原句再现】
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging －10 ℃. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
frozen adj.结冰的; 冷冻的; 冻僵的
freezing adj.极冷的; 冰冻的
freezing point冰点
above / below freezing在冰点以上/以下
freeze with…. 因……而呆住
freeze to death 冻死
freeze up (某物) 冻住；﹙因紧张、害怕或兴奋﹚不动，停住；惊呆；吓呆
【精品例句】
The lake was frozen over. 湖面封冻
Fresh water freezes at 0C. 淡水在摄氏零度结冰
It may freeze tonight, so bring those plants inside. 今晚大概很冷，所以把植物都搬进来。
Our water pipes froze (up) last winter.去年冬天 我们的水管子冻住了
Tomatoes don ' freeze well.番茄不宜冷冻
I'll buy extra meat and just freeze it.我要多买些肉冷冻起来
Freeze, or I’ll shoot! 不许动，否则我开枪了!
The cat froze when it saw the bird. 那只猫见了鸟， 一动不动
【高考链接】
The ____ (freeze) weather almost made us frozen. (湖北) (freezing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Two men ______ (freeze) to death o n the mountain that night. (were frozen)
5. anticipate vt. 预料；预见；期望
【原句再现】
However，they did not anticipate seeing such an open country，and were truly amazed. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
anticipate doing... 期望或预料做某事
it is widely anticipated that... \普遍预料……
【精品例句】
The directors anticipated a fall in demand.
董事们预感需求会降低。
I anticipate that the result will be a draw.
我预料结果会打成平局。
It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticipated.
结果比我们原先设想的还要好。
【高考链接】
We anticipate ________ (see) you again soon. (河北卷) (see)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is widely _________ (anticipate) that she will resign. (anticipated)
6. contrary n. (常与the连用) 相反; 反面; 对立面; adj.相反的; 相对的
【原句再现】
Well, contrary to what many people believe, there are a lot of vast and empty spaces in China, actually. (教材P43)
【词块积累】
on the contrary正相反; 恰恰相反
to the contrary相反的; 相反地
have a contrary opinion持相反意见
(be) contrary to…与…相反
【精品例句】
Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the contrary to our intention. “拔苗助长”往往会事与愿违
He thought his marketing plan was perfect, but on the contrary, it was not and it failed.
他原以为自己的营销计划天衣无缝,而事实恰恰相反，这个计划并不像他想的那样完美,结果徒劳无功。
Unless I hear anything to the contrary, I shall assume the meeting will be held on time.
除非是听到了相反的意见,我会认为会议将准时召开
Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
与普遍的看法相反， 许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。
【高考链接】
He seems to be giving the impression that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris. he had a wonderful time. (江西卷)
A. Above all B. What's more C. As a result D. On the contrary (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The results were contrary _______ my expectation. (to)
7. astonish vt. 使大为惊讶；使惊骇
【原句再现】
Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的；惊人的
astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
astonishment n. 惊讶
to one’s astonishment 令人惊讶的是…
【精品例句】
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
他在会上所说的话令在场的人都感到吃惊
I was astonished to see him here.
在这看到他我很惊讶
I am astonished that he didn’t come.
他没来我感到很惊讶
You look astonished at/by the news.
你看上去对这个消息很惊讶
【高考链接】
He stared _____ complete astonishment at the child. (江西课改卷) (in)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
To my _______ (astonish), he was so impolite. (astonishment)
8. owe vt. 欠(债); 应给予；应该把….归功于….
【原句再现】
That’s too bad. You owe it to yourselves to stay longer. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人钱/债; 应给予
owe it to sb. to do sth. 应该请某人作某事
owe sth. to sth. 把某事归功于某事
owe it to sb. that…. 多亏某人…..
owing to… 因为….；由于…..
【精品例句】
She still owes her father $5,000. = She still owes $5，,00 to her father.
她还欠她父亲5,000 美元
I owe him an apology. = I owe an apology to him.
我得向他道歉
George helped you a lot with your project. You owe it to him invite him to dinner.
乔治在你的项目上帮了你很多忙，你该请他吃顿饭
He owes his good health to his regular life.
他把身体健康归功于有规律的生活
He owes it to his father that he got the job.
他能得到这份工作多亏了他父亲
【高考链接】
_______ (owe) to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
(福建卷) ( Owing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These early settlers owed their survival _____ hard work and determination to succeed. (in)
9. average adj. 平均的；正常的；普通的
【原句再现】
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging – 10°C.(教材P38)
【词块积累】
on (the) average　平均来看
above (the) average 高于平均水平
below (the) average 低于平均水平
an average of... 平均有……(后跟数词)
the average of... ……的平均数
【精品例句】
He is working hard and his grades are above the average in his class.
他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平
The average of 3，8 and 10 is 7.
3，8，10的平均数为7
An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class.
每个班平均有10名学生未通过考试
The temperature now is below average．
此时的气温低于平均水平
【高考链接】
At present a public bicycle is rented and returned four times a day _________ average.
（陕西卷） (on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The boats remain at sea for _______ average of ten days at a time. (an)
10. proceed. 向前走，继续前进；接着干，继续进行；着手，开始进行
【原句再现】
After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto, the largest and wealthiest city in Canada, they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal, so they went on a tour of the city. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
proceed with sth. 开始/继续/着手某事
proceed for/to sth. 前往…；向…前进
proceed to do sth. 继续做某事；开始做某事；着手做某事
【精品例句】
The old man took a drink from his cup and proceeded with his story.
老人拿起杯子喝了一口，继续讲他的故事。
Let us proceed with our journey.
让我们继续旅行吧。
Let us proceed with our lesson.
我们开始上课吧。
After everyone was seated the chairman proceeded to announce his plan.
大家就坐后，主席开始宣布他的计划。
He got off the bus and proceeded home on foot.
他下了汽车，步行回家。
After taking a rest, they proceed for/to the next destination.
短暂休息之后，他们前往下一个目的地
【高考链接】
Despite the bad weather, they made great efforts to proceed _____ the peak of the mountain. （山东卷）(to/for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
After drinking a cup of tea, my mother proceeded _____ (cook) the dinner. (to cook)
11. head n. 头；最前面的部分；首脑，领导；头脑，才智 v. 出发； 动身；率领；位居…的首位:
【原句再现】
From Edmonton, the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
headache头痛;令人头痛的人/事
Headline (报纸的) 标题
the headline新闻提要
the head of a page页眉
headmaster (中小学) 校长
head teacher (中小学)班主任
have get a headache 头疼
hold one’s head up振作起来，勇敢起来，坚强起来
hold one’s head high 趾高气扬，昂首
head the team / list带领团队/名列榜首
head for/to朝…方向走
【精品例句】
Grammar is a headache for me.语法让我头疼
Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
Don’t hold your head too high.不要太趾高气扬。
After the game, the fans headed for the exit.比赛线束后，球迷们朝出口走去。
【高考链接】
Happy as a child, I got on the bicycle and _______ (head) out onto the streets. (湖北卷)
(headed)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
一个苹果从树上掉下来砸在了他的头上
(An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head)
在英国，国家元首是国王或女王。
(In the United Kingdom, the head of state is a king or queen.)
12. available adj. 可用的，可得到的；有空的
【原句再现】
I should phone her and see if she’s available for dinner. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
availability n. 可用/得到的人或物
be available to sb. 对…来说是可用的/可得到的
【精品例句】
Cold drinks will be available at the Sports Center. 体育中心有冷饮供应
With all the information available, they found the hotel in the mountain easily.
所有信息在手，他们很容易找到山里的宾馆
In the 1940s, electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United
States.
二十世纪四十年代， 几乎美国所有地区的人都用上了电
There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game. 将有四个篮球供我们使用，每场比赛都有一名教师监管
I would have to gone to my cousin’s birthday party last, but I was not available.
昨天晚上我本想去参加我堂兄的生日宴会，但我没空
【高考链接】
-- Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind (福建卷)
-- Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still _______
A. available B. affordable C. acceptable D. valuable (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
There are plenty of jobs _____ in the western part of the country.
A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient (B)
13. contrast vt&vi (使) 形成对照；(使) 形成对比；n. 差异；对比；对照
【原句再现】
At the station, in contrast to Toronto, they heard people talking in French. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
contrast A with B. 把A和B 进行对比
by/in contrast 相比之下
in contrast with/to….与…对比；与….相反
make a contrast with…. 与….形成对比
the economic and social contrasts between the poor and the rich 穷人和富人之间的经济和社会差异
【精品例句】
In this book, the writer contrasts good with evil. 这本书里，作者把善与恶进行了对比
His actions contrast sharply with his promises. 他的行动与诺言形成鲜明对比
Careful contrast of the two plans shows u some key differences.
把这两个计划相细地加以对比可以看出一些关键性的差异
By contrast, Mrs. Young was much more outspoken.
相比之下，杨夫人坦率多了
The white walls make a contrast with the black carpet.
白色的墙壁与黑色的地毯形成鲜明的对比
【高考链接】
Most people work because it’s unavoidable. ______, there are some people who actually enjoy work. (浙江卷)
A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In contrast _____ what some might hope, students rarely finish their homework exclaiming that they had great fun. (to/with)
●句型点拨
1. rather than…与其；不愿 (连接两个并列成分)
【原句再现】
Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. (教材P38)
句式分析：句中rather than连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
【能力拓展】
※ rather than连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
※ rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
【精品例句】
He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.
他关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点。
They thus increased their annual grain production rather than diminished it.
他们这样增加了而不是减少了粮食年产量。
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
【高考链接】
He was busy writing a letter rather than _______ TV．(陕西卷) (watching)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I decided to write rather than _______ (telephone)．【(to) telephone】
2. 过去分词短语作状语
【原句再现】
Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. (教材P38)
句式分析：句中过去分词短语Seen from the train window在句中作时间状语。
【能力拓展】
过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
【精品例句】
Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。
Born in a poor family，Nadia had only two years of schooling.
由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。
Encouraged by his parents，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。
【高考链接】
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road，_______ (wound) in the head
(湖北卷) (wounded)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_______ (give) a lot of money，he lived a better life. (Given)
_______ (use) with care，one tin will last for six weeks. (Used)
The teacher came in，_______ (follow) by a group of students． (followed)
3. with复合结构
【原句再现】
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging－10 °C．(教材P38)
句式分析：句中with daily temperatures averaging －10℃为with复合结构，在句子中作状语。
【能力拓展】
with 复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等。其结构如下：
with＋宾语＋
【精品例句】
With a red handkerchief in his hand，he shouted at Mary crazily.
他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。
Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.
相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可以吃。
He lay there，with his eyes looking at the ceiling.
他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
【高考链接】
With the guide _____ (lead) the way，we found his home easily. (湖北卷) (leading)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The man sat in the chair，with his hands _____ (tie) behind his back． (tied)
In the afternoon，with nothing ______ (do)，I went to the bookstore. (to do)
The student fell asleep with the light ______． (on)
●过去分词和现在分词异同（详见语法课件）
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