(共34张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本:新人教 单元:选择性必修二 Unit 5
重难点词
grab
一词多义
搭配义
一词多义
slip
panic
practical
ease
一词多义
辨析义
tight
后缀 -(i)fy & -ship
词源
一词多义
一词多义
motion
词根
desperate
一词多义
将句子译成英语。
我轻而易举地回答了这个问题。
___________________________
I answered the question easily.
ease
with ease
ease n [U]
舒适;悠闲;自在:
The retired couple lived a life of ease.
容易;不费力:
He passed the exam with ease (= easily).
at ease 放松;舒适;自在:
stand at ease
His mind was at ease knowing that the children were safe.
He is smart and humorous, and I feel at ease with him.
put sb at (one’s) ease 使某人放松:
He was nervous at first but her warm welcome soon put him at ease.
v
vi & vt 减轻;缓解:
ease the pain / stress / burden
The situation has eased.
It would ease my mind to know where he was.
vi & vt(使)小心缓慢地移动:
She eased her injured foot into her shoe.
vt 使容易;使顺利:
ease (sb / oneself) into(使某人)熟悉(新工作等):
After the baby, she eased herself back into work.
同族词:ease, easily, easy, easy-going, uneasy
slip v
vi 滑倒;滑落:
Be careful! Don’t slip on the wet floor.
The fish slipped out of my hand.
vi 溜 (slide);悄悄逝去:
Time is slipping away.
vi & vt 把……悄悄地放在;(把……)(迅速地)穿上 / 脱下:
He slipped the book into his bag.
vi 陷入:
Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into dreams. 2015 北京改
slip one’s mind 被遗忘
n [C] 滑倒;片;条;纸条;小错误:
a slip of paper 一张纸条
同形异义词
slip的词源义和基本义是“滑行(move softly and quickly)”。
slip v 词源解读
“滑行”一小段距离后(几乎)摔倒
悄悄“滑行”
使某物悄悄、迅速地“滑行”
“滑行”到某种状态
同形异义词
同形异义词指拼写相同,但意义毫无联系的词。常见的同形异义词有case, light, tear, lead, post 等。
学习时要注意同形异义词与多义词的区别:同形异义词各源自不同的词,而多义词的词源是同一个词。多义词的释义之间有联系,而同形异义词的释义之间无联系。
slip 的动词释义“滑倒”和名词释义“纸条”分别来自不同的词源。动词释义“滑倒”来源于slippen(滑行、滑动),名词释义“纸条”来源于slippe(砍、劈),引申为词义 “纸条”。
slip, slide 辨析
二者都与“滑”有关。
slip 指意外地滑动一段很短的距离,然后一般是跌倒或轻微失去平衡。
Don broke his arm when he slipped and fell on the ice.
slide 指在一个平面上滑过,可以指人、物或液体。
The children had fun sliding down the slide all afternoon.
panic
词源故事
希腊神话中有一个叫做潘(Pan)的牧羊神。他是掌管山林、田园和羊群的神。他长相奇特,上半身是人,下半身是羊,头顶还长着羊角。潘有一种奇特的本领,就是吓唬人。他常常躲在隐蔽处,蓦地跳出,用丑陋地面目把旅行者吓得魂不附体。他还会发出怪异的叫声,令人感到毛骨悚然,胆战心惊。这种恐惧感就称为“潘神之惧”(Panic fear)。英语单词 panic 就源自“潘神之惧”,原本是个形容词,如今多作名词或动词用,表示“恐慌”或“惊慌”。
panic
n [C] & [U] 恐慌;惊慌
The news has caused panic.
Hundreds of people left their homes in (a) panic.
vi & vt(使)恐慌:
When you are in a dangerous situation, don’t panic. 2010 江西改
desperate adj
绝望的;危急的:
I was so desperate on hearing that. 2008 湖北
不顾一切的;铤而走险的;孤注一掷的:
a desperate attempt
Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl’s life.
极度渴望的;极需要的:
The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
词汇拓展
desperately adv 绝望地;非常
from de-(without 没有)+ sper(hope 希望) + -ate →“没有希望的”,其基本义即为“绝望的”。
desperate词源解读
因“绝望”所以不顾一切
想摆脱“绝望的”困境而极需某物
practical
nation(国家)+ -al → national adj
culture(文化)+ -al → cultural adj
industry(工业)+ -al → industrial adj
logic(逻辑)+ -al → logical adj
practice(实践)+ -al → practical adj
实际的;实践的
后缀-al可加在名词后构成形容词,意为“……的 (of)”“有……性质的 (having the nature of)”。
国家的
文化(上)的
工业的
符合逻辑的
practical adj
(事物)实际的;实践的:
The paper seems to me of no practical importance.
a teacher with practical experience
实用的;可实施的 反 impractical:
We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice.
(人、想法)实际的;现实的:
You must try to be a little more practical.
词汇拓展
practically adv
[口语]几乎;差不多:
I’ve read practically all of his books.
实际上;事实上:
It sounds like a good idea, but I don’t think it will work practically.
奥黛丽·赫本(Audrey Hepburn,1929—1993),英国电影和舞台剧女演员,曾出演《罗马假日》(Roman Holiday) 《蒂凡尼的早餐》《窈窕淑女》等影片。她一生中共获得五次奥斯卡最佳女主角提名。
晚年时,奥黛丽·赫本投身慈善事业,是联合国儿童基金会亲善大使的代表人物,为第三世界妇女与孩童争取权益。1992年被授予美国“总统自由勋章”,1993年获奥斯卡人道主义奖 。1999年,她被美国电影学会评为“百年来最伟大的女演员”第三位。
grab
机遇很少凭空出现。因此,当它们出现时,你一定要抓住。
——奥黛丽·赫本
grab vt
抓住 (seize):
grab the opportunity
[非正式用语](因忙碌而)匆忙地吃 / 喝:
From this point on, you’ll have free time to explore the city and grab some lunch. 2011 湖北
A man visiting a graveyard saw a tombstone that reads, “Here lies John Kelly, a lawyer and an honest man.” “How about that!” he exclaimed. “Money is so tight that they’ve got three people buried in one grave!”
tight
a joke
词源义:紧密的。tight 的基本义引申为“紧的”。
tight adj
紧的;绷紧的 反 loose:
The drawer is so tight that I can’t open it.
She is wearing a tight pair of jeans.
(时间、空间)紧凑的;(经济)紧张的:
I can’t see you next week because the schedule is very tight.
There was a tight group of people around the speaker.
Money was always tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs. 2008 浙江
tight 词源解读
时间、空间、经济等“紧的”
具体事物之间“紧的”
(关系) 紧密的:
a tight community
严格的:
The airport security is very tight.
adv 紧紧地;充分地:
Shut the door tight.
Sleep tight!
词汇拓展
tighten vi & vt(使)变紧;(使)加紧
tightly adv 紧紧地
关系“紧的”
要求等“紧的”
tight 语义网络图
紧的;绷紧的
(时间、空间)紧凑的;(经济)紧张的
具体事物之间“紧的”
(关系) 紧密的
要求等“紧的”
严格的
时间、空间、经济等
“紧的”
关系“紧的”
紧的
基本义
tight
词根 前缀 / 后缀 单词 派生词
mot pro- (向前 forward) promote v 促进;晋升 promotion n 促进;晋升
re- (向后、往回 back) remote adj 遥远的
-ive motive n 动机 motivate v 激励
-or motor n 发动机;马达
-ion motion n 运动;动
e- (外 out); -ion emotion n 感情;情绪 emotional adj 情绪 (上)的;情感 (上) 的
motion
可以看出, 词根mot意为“动 / 移动 (move)”,由该词根构成的词大多含有此义。
motion n
[C] & [U](物体的)运动;动:
Newton’s laws of motion
The doors are not to be used when the train is in motion.
[C](示意)动作 (gesture):
Doyle glanced back at Bodie, and made a slight motion with his head.
set / put sth in motion 使某事物开始:
I thought a phone call to the right person might set the wheels in motion.
使役动词后缀 -(i)fy
使役动词后缀-(i)fy通常加在形容词和名词后构成动词,意为“使成为 (to make)”“使……变成 (to make into)”
just + -ify → justify v
quality + -fy → qualify v
electric + -fy → electrify v
pure + -ify → purify v
solid + -ify → solidify v
terror + -ify → terrify v
pretty + -ify → prettify v
sign + -ify → signify v
使……有正当理由
使……有资格
使电气化 / 使通电 / 使激动
使纯净 / 净化
(使)凝固 / 变成固体
使恐惧
粉饰 / 美化
表示 / 说明
名词后缀 -ship
member + -ship → membership n 会员身份
friend + -ship → friendship n 友谊
leader + -ship → leadership n 领导力;领导才能
citizen + -ship → citizenship n 公民权利;公民身份
scholar + -ship → scholarship n 奖学金
partner + -ship → partnership n 伙伴关系
champion + -ship → championship n 冠军荣誉
reader + -ship → readership n 读者人数
sportsman + -ship → sportsmanship n 体育精神
craftsman + -ship → craftsmanship n 工匠技艺
后缀 -ship 通常加在名词后,构成抽象名词。常见的意思有:
表示“地位”“资格”“职位”: _______________________________
表示“状态”“性质”“品质”:______________________________
表示“技艺”“技能”:______________________________
表示“……的(人)数”:______________________________
membership, citizenship, scholarship, championship
friendship, leadership, partnership, sportsmanship
craftsmanship
readership
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Lisa told me that she felt at ease with Bernard. ___________
2. The computer is popular for its good design and ease of use.
___________
3. I did my best to make him feel at ease before the interview. ___________
4. I will give you something to ease the pain. ___________
5. He eased slowly forwards. ___________
6. It would ease my mind to know you had arrived safely. __________
ease
感到自在
简单易用
使他放松
减轻疼痛
小心缓缓地移动
使我放心
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I slipped on the ice and landed right on my bottom. _________
2. She slipped out of the house before the others were awake. _________
3. They’d slip some money to the guards. _________
4. He began to slip into debt. _________
5. I meant to buy some milk, but it completely slipped my mind. _________
6. I wrote it down on a slip of paper. _________
slip
滑倒
溜
悄悄塞
欠债
被我忘记
一张纸条
panic
根据所给汉语,用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1.He jumped out of the car ____________________(惊慌地).
2. The whole nation is ____________________(一片恐慌)
following the attacks.
3. ____________________(别慌)! We’ll soon get you out of there.
in (a) panic
in a state of panic
Don’t panic
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Time was running out and we were getting desperate. _________
2. The doctors made one last desperate effort to save the boy’s life. _________
3. The children are in desperate need of love and attention. _________
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. He was so desperate _________ a job he would have done anything.
2. He was desperate _________ (tell) someone his good news.
3. They fought _________ (desperate) for their lives.
绝望的
拼命努力
非常需要
desperate
for
to tell
desperately
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Candidates should have training and practical experience in basic electronics. ___________
2. It doesn’t sound like a very practical solution. ___________
3. She’s a very practical person. ___________
4. There’s still another ten minutes of the game to go, but for practical purposes it’s already over. ___________
实践经验
切实可行的
务实的
practical
实际上
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1.She grabbed the child’s hand and ran. ___________
2. I think you should grab your chance to travel while you’re young.
___________
3. The book is full of good ideas to grab the students’ attention. ___________
4. Hang on while I grab a cup of coffee. ___________
抓住
吸引学生注意力
抓住机会
grab
喝
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. My shoes were so tight that I could hardly walk. __________
2. Time is tight, and she has another meeting to go to this afternoon.
_________
3. Together, the young film-makers formed a tight group. __________
4. Anna was determined to keep a tight hold on her feelings. __________
5. The driver slowed down at a tight bend in the road. __________
tight
紧的
时间紧张
关系紧密的
牢牢控制
急转弯
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The violent motion of the ship upset his stomach. __________
2. They showed the goal again in slow motion. __________
3. I thought a phone call to the right person might set the wheels in motion. ___________
4. The end doors are not to be used when the train is in motion. ___________
motion
移动
慢动作
使事情进展顺利
运行时 / 处于运行中
谢
谢
观
赏