新人教版高二英语选修八第四单元 Pygmalion教案之语言点详解

新人教版高二英语
选修八第四单元
P y g m a l i o n
教案之
语言点详解
词汇详解：
一.词语辨析
1. adapt / adopt
【解释】
adapt v. 使 适应，改编
This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.
这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。
adopt v. 采用，收养，接受
Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan.
他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。
【练习】
用adapt与adopt的正确形式填空。
1). You must ________ to the norms of the society you live in.
2). Paul’ s mother h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad him _________ because she couldn’ t look after him herself.
3). This machine has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been specially _________ for underwater use.
4). These styles can be _________ to suit individual tastes.
5). We should _________ the consumers’ suggestion.
Keys: 1). adapt 2). adopted 3). adapted 4). adapted 5). adopt
2. ignore / neglect / overlook
【解释】
ignore v. 忽视，不理睬，指有意识地拒绝 [+sb/sth]；
neglect v. 忽视，忽略，疏忽，指无意识地忽视或忘记 [+sb/sth][+to do]；
overlook v. 忽略，疏漏，指有意识地或无意识地忽略、遗漏或不采取行动。
【练习】
选择neglect，overlook，ignored填空。
1). She saw him coming but she _______ him.
2). He _______ to make repairs in his house.
3). The mother _______ her little boy’ s bad behavior.
Keys: 1). ignored 2). neglected 3). overlooked
3. luck / fortune / destiny / fate
【解释】
luck意为“命运，运气”。
fortune意为“命运”，多含变幻无常的意味。
destiny强调命中注定，是天意。
fate多比喻不幸或死亡，含宿命的意味。
【练习】
选择luck，fortune，destiny，fate填空。
1). She told my _______ by reading my palm.
2). I hope this charm will bring you _______.
3). A meeting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to decide the _______ of the factory is to be held today.
4). _______ drew us together.
Keys: 1). fortune 2). luck 3). fate 4). Destiny
二.词性变化
1. comfort n. 舒适；安慰 vt.使舒适；安慰，慰问
comfortable adj.舒服的
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的
comfortably adv.舒适地
uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；难受地
2. classify vt. 把...分类， 把...分级
classification n.分类，分级；类别，级别
3. betray vt. 出卖；背叛
betrayal n.[u]出卖，辜负，暴露
betrayer n. 出卖者
4. superior adj.上级的，较 高的 n.上级，长官
superiority n.优越(性) ，优等

5. trouble n. 麻烦，困难 vt.麻烦 vi.费力
troublesome adj. 令人烦恼的，麻烦的
6. pronounce vt.发音；宣布
pronunciation n.发音
【练习】
用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). The hotel is modern and ________ (comfort) furnished.
2). She always felt slightly ________ (comfort) in a hat.
3). We will never forgive his ________ (betray).
4). She works well ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with those superior ________ (介词) her in the firm.
5). The economy h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as become a ________ (trouble) issue for the Conservative Party.
6). We had no trouble ________ (find) the address.
7). The books in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the library ________ (classify) according to subject.
8). Only eleven of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se accidents were classified ________ (介词) major.
9). She doesn’ t like having her ________ (pronounce) corrected.
Keys: 1). co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mfortably 2). uncomfortable 3). betrayal 4). to
5). troubles ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome 6). finding 7). are classified 8). as 9). pronunciation
三.重点词汇
1. adaptation n.[c] 改编
adapt vt.使适应(合)；修改,改编 vi. (to)适应
[典例]
1). The play is an adaptation of a short novel.
这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。
2). The adaptation of animals to the environment is rather slow.
动物对环境的适应是相当慢的。
[重点用法]
adaptation to 对...的适应
adapt oneself to 使适应；使适合
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). He tried hard t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o _______ himself _______ (使自己适应) the new conditions.
2). He made a quic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k ________ _________ (适应了) the new environment.
3). When they mov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to Canada, the children _______ _______ the change very well.
Keys: 1). adapt; to 2). adaptation to 3). adapted to
2. hesitate vi. 犹豫，踌躇，不愿
hesitation n.[u,c]踌躇；犹豫不决
[典例]
1). He hesitated bef ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore he answered because he didn’ t know what to say.
他在回答之前犹豫了一下，因为他不知道说什么。
2). Don’ t hesitate about that. Do it at once.
对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。
[重点用法]
hesitate to do sth. 做某事犹豫不决
hesitate about (doing)sth. 对某事犹豫不决
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). He was still ________ over whether to join the expedition.
2). He did not hesitate _______ (ask) her to sit beside him.
3). Without any___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ (hesitate), he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
4). There’ s no room for _______ (hesitate).
Keys: 1). hesitatin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g 2). to ask 3). hesitation 4). hesitation
3. mistaken adj. 犯错的，错误的
mistake n.&v. 错误，过失；弄错，误解，把...误认为
[典例]
1). You are mistaken about him．
你误会他了。
2). It can’ t have been my car. You must be mistaken.
那不可能是你的车。你肯定错了。
[重点用法]
by mistake 错误地
mistake for 被误认为是
mistake in 在...的错误
make a mistake 犯错误
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). Someone must have left the door open _______ mistake.
2). We may have made a mistake ________ our calculations.
3). Tom didn’ t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) make a single spelling ________ in his composition.
4). You _______ my meaning entirely.
5). He was ________ for the minister.
6). Ivan’ s work is always full of _______.
Keys: 1). by 2). in 3). mistake 4). mistook 5). mistaken 6). mistakes
4. condemn vt. 判刑，谴责，宣告...不适用
condemnation n.[u,c]谴责，指责，定罪
[典例]
1). We condemn his foolish behavior.
我们谴责他的愚蠢行为。
2). The criminal was condemned to death.
那个罪犯被判处死刑。
[重点用法]
condemn sb. / sth. 谴责某人/某事
be condemned to判以...刑；使...注定
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). She knew that soc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iety would ________ her for leaving her children.
2). There was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )widespread international _________ (condemn) of the bombing.
3). He was found guilty and condemned ________ death.
Keys: 1). condemn 2). condemnation 3). to
5. acquaintance n.[u]相识；熟悉；熟知 n.[c]相识的人，熟人
acquaint vt. 使熟知，告知
[典例]
1). I have some acquaintance with the Russian.
我懂一点儿俄语。
2). She was a casual acquaintance in Vienna.
她是我在越南的一个熟人。
[重点用法]
make one’ s acquaintance = make the acquaintance with sb. 结识某人
acquaint sb. wth.... 使某人认识/了解...
[练习]
根据句子的意思在横线上填入适当的词。
1). The musician had little acquaintance ________ modern science.
2). I am delighted to ________ your acquaintance.
3). She has many ________ in the business community.
4). I have some acquaintance ________ Spanish.
5). I need to ________ myself with the new regulations.
Keys: 1). with 2). make 3). acquaintances 4). with 5). acquaint
6. fortune n.[u]命运；运气；机会 [c]财产，财富
fortunate adj.幸运的，幸福的
[典例]
1). She had the good fortune to be free from illness.
她运气好，没得病。
2). It is believed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that it will bring good fortune in the coming year.
据说它还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。
[重点用法]
make a fortune发财
seek one’ s fortune外出找出路
try one’ s fortune碰运气
be fortunate to do sth.／in doing sth. 幸运做某事
[练习]
根据句子的要求翻译。
1). He _______ _______ _______ (发了财) by selling houses.
2). She _______ _______ _______ (寻求她的财富) in another country.
3). _________ (不幸的是), the fire spread quidkly after it had started.
Keys: 1). made a fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rtune 2). sought her fortune 3). Unfortunately
四.重点词组
1. pass sb. off as... 把某人改变或冒充成...
[典例]
1). He escaped by passing himself off as a guard.
他冒充警卫逃走了。
2). She passed him off as her husband.
她把他假充作自己的丈夫。
[重点用法]
pass sth. to sb. 将某物递给某人
pass away 去世
pass down/on... 把...传给后世
pass...on to 把...传递给...
pass by 走过；经过
pass through 通过；穿过
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。
1). Pass the book _______ _______ me when you’ ve finished it.
2). I was sorry to le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arn that his mother had passed _______.
3). She passed _______ a difficult period after her marriage failed.
4). They bought up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pieces of old furniture and passed them _______ _______ valuable antiques.
Keys: 1). on; to 2). away 3). through 4). off; as
2. a handful of 一把；一小撮，少数，少量
[典例]
He pulled out a handful of coins from his pocket.
他从口袋里取出一把钱。
[短语归纳]
a mouthful of一口；少量
an armful of 一揽；一抱
[练习]
根据句子的意思翻译。
1). We have received ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) only _______ _______ _______ (少数几封) letters on this subject.
2). He only ate a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) few _______ _______ (几口) meat.
Keys: 1). a handful of 2). mouthfuls of
3. in amazement 惊讶地
[典例]
I stared at him in amazement.
我吃惊地盯着他。
[短语归纳]
in在结构中表示“处于...状态”的短语：
in action在行动
in advance 事先
in anger 气忿地
in common共有，共同
in danger处于危险中
in debt欠债
in detail详细地
in doubt怀疑
in excitement兴奋地
in tears流着眼泪
in general 大体上
in operation 生效,运转着
in place 在适当的位置
in reality实际上
in return 作为报答
in secret秘密地
in shape 处于良好状态
in short 简言之
in sight被看见
in silence沉默地
in vain 白白地
in thought 思考
in trouble有麻烦
in turn依次为
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). ________ my amazement, he changed so much.
2). I find it ________ (amaze) that you can’ t swim.
3). I heard that a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )burglar broke into my room last night ________ amazement. I couldn’ t believe my ears.
Keys: 1). To 2). amazing 3). in
4. in terms of... 以...的观点；就...而说
[典例]
1). In terms o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f money, he’ s quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。
2). It is difficult to express it in terms of science.
要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。
[短语归纳]
英语中类似结构的短语有： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in need of 需要 in charge of 负责 in search of 搜寻
in hope of 希望 in honor of 纪念、尊重 in favor of 有利于
in spite of 尽管 in case of 以防、万一 in place of 代替
[练习]
根据句子的意思完成句子。
1). Think of it ________ ________ ________ (从...角度) an investment.
2). It was a bad year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for films, ________ _________ ________ ________ _________ ________ _________ (无论从数量上还是质量上).
3). This project is ________ _________ ________ ________ (迫切地需要) funding.
4). He is home ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )less and________ _________ ________ ________ _________ (需要帮助).
Keys: 1). in ter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ms of 2). in terms of both quantity and quality 3). in great/urgent need of 4). in great need of help
5. show... in 带或领...进来
[典例]
1). Tom showed a little boy in.
汤姆带了一个小男孩进来。
2). Will you show him in
你把他领进来好吗？
[短语归纳]
show短语：
show sb. out 领某人出去
show sb. around 领某人参观某地
show off 炫耀，卖弄，使显眼
show up 出现，来到某处，揭露，显得好看
[练习]
用适当的介词或副词填空。
1). 1 will show you ________ when you are in the city.
2). She likes to show ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ her nice figure by wearing tight dresses.
3). Uncle George di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dn’ t show ________ for our wedding because he forgot it.
4). He showed me ________ a sittingroom.
Keys: 1). around 2). off 3). up 4). into
五.重点句子
1. Generally spea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king, people are more polite to those whom they think are of higher social class. 总的来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层的人更礼貌一些。
[解释]
1). 本句中的of 表示“从属”关系。例如：
Birds of a feather flock together.
物以类聚，人以群分。
2). be of＋形容词＋抽象名词＝be＋副词＋与该抽象名词同根的形容词。例如：
What I said is of great importance. = What I said is very important.
我所说的非常重要。
可用于以上结构的抽象名词及相对应 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的形容词有：ability-able, help-helpful, use-useful, importance-important, interest-interesting, significance-significant, value-valuable
[练习]
翻译句子。
1). 他是个兴趣广泛的人。
_______________________________________________________________________________2). 我觉得这本英汉字典非常有用。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). He is a person of wide interests.
2). I find the Eng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish-Chinese dictionary very useful / of great use.
2. Henry Higgins an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.
亨利.希金斯正与皮克林上校促膝长谈。
[解释]
形容词短语deep in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sth.“专心；全神贯注；深陷”，可用在句中作表语、状语。例： 1). He was deep in thought.
他陷入了沉思。
2). He was so deep in his work that he was not aware of the fire.
他是如此专心工作以致于不知道发生了火灾。
3). Deep in work, he didn’ t notice a man come in.
同样用法的词还有：lost, de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )termined, absorbed, dressed等，例： 1). Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
2). Absorbed in novel, he forgot his appointment.
[练习]
翻译句子。
1). _________ (determine) not to come back, she went out of the house.
2). _________ (dress) as a princess, she went onto the stage.
Keys: 1). Determined 2). Dressed
六.课文佳句背诵与仿写
1.【原句】A man is hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ding from the rain listening to people’s language and watching their reactions.
有一个男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话，边观察着人们的反应。

[模仿要点] 句子结构：主句 + V-ing and V-ing
【模仿1】 所以的学生在晚会上又唱又跳，玩得很开心。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案： All the students enjoyed the party, singing and dancing.
【模仿2】我喜欢独自学习，可以集中精神于我做的事情及思考我的想法。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：I prefer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )studying alone, concentrate on what I am doing and thinking my own thoughts
2．【原句】Disappoin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted at the outcome, but thinking it is better than nothing, Eliza said: ― Thank you, sir.
对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但想到有总比没有好,Eliza 说：“谢谢,先生.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：V-ed 状语，+ but +V-ing状语, +主句
【模仿1】虽然训练很累，但相信总有一天他会成为冠军，刘翔告诉自己要坚持。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Tired from the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )training, but believing one day he would be a championship, Liu Xiang told himself he must carry on.
【模仿2】虽然被电脑游戏吸引，但想到他的作业还没做，他立即关掉电脑。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Attracted by the computer games, but thinking that his home was still undone, he turned off the computer at once.
3. 【原句】She’s quite a common girl with dirty nails.
她是很普通的一个年轻姑娘，手指甲脏兮兮的。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： a/an + adj. + C.N. + with短语作定语
【模仿1】她是一位相当聪明的学生，且乐于助人。
_______________________________________________________________________________

答案：She is quite an intelligent student with a helping hand.
【模仿2】他是一位有着快乐家庭的成功商人。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：He is a successful business man with a happy family.