2023届陕西省部分市高三一模英语试卷分类汇编：阅读理解专题（含答案）

2023届陕西省部分市高三一模英语解析版试卷分类汇编
阅读理解专题
2023届陕西省咸阳市高三一模英语试题
四、阅读理解
Ticket Information
Due to extremely high demand, tickets for the three traditional end-of-year concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic are drawn exclusively on the Vienna Philharmonic website. In this way, people worldwide have an equal chance to purchase these highly desired tickets.
Application Period: February 1-28, 2023
During this period, interested persons can apply on this website for tickets to the Preview Performance, the New Year’s Eve Concert, and the New Year’s Concert. The first step toward making an application for tickets is to register for the drawing. The registration is separate from your user account for the Webshop and is specifically for the drawing. Users can enter their ticket preferences for the upcoming concerts during the application period.
Price Categories
The number of tickets for the New Year’s Concert is limited to two, and the number of tickets for the Preview Performance and New Year’s Eve Concert can be up to four. The ticket prices range between 35 ? and 1200 ? for the New Year’s Concert, 25 ? and 860 ? for the New Year’s Eve Concert, and between 20 ? and 495 ? for the Preview Performance. If you wish to change your application, you may only do so during the application period. In March, you will know the results of the drawing.
When Should I Apply
Within the one-month application period, the actual time of application is irrelevant. An application made on February 1 has the same chances as an application made on February 28. The only way to obtain tickets for these concerts is by taking part in the online drawing! Requests submitted through the postal system, by e-mail or by any other means will not be considered!
21．Who could be most interested in this information
A．A website designer. B．A painting lover.
C．A music fan. D．A tourist guide.
22．What do you have to do to get tickets
A．Apply one month in advance. B．Participate in the drawing.
C．Send e-mails to the webshop. D．Use the same name as the user account.
23．How much must you pay at least for two tickets for the Preview Performance
A．70?. B．25?. C．50?. D．40?.
Born in Russia and living in an orphanage (孤儿院) for the first 13 months of her life, Jessica Long had no idea what her future would hold. The little girl born with Fibular Hemimelia would not only go on to be a 13-time gold medal-winning Paralympic champion, but she would inspire others to chase their dreams.
Long was born in Russia, where she lived in an orphanage until her parents adopted her in 1993. Soon after being adopted, she had to have her legs amputated (截肢) at only a year and a half. “It gave me a lot of freedom and movement,” Long said. “But growing up was definitely really hard. From a very early age, I just decided that I was going to be unstoppable and I wasn’t going to let my legs hold me back.” From that point forward, she didn’t let anyone tell her what she was or wasn’t capable of doing. She started doing gymnastics as a kid. Then, in 2002, Long found her sport for life: swimming!
“I was the only girl with no legs on the swim team, ” she said. “There were moments I struggled, but my teammates treated me like a friend. When I look back on my life and I think about anyone on that team, no one made fun of me for having no legs and they were so kind.” Long defied (顶住) all odds and surprised everyone when she qualified at age only 12 for the Paralympics in 2004 in Athens. After four Paralympics, Long has won 13 gold, six silver, and four bronze medals. She has dozens of World Championship medals and has broken numerous world records throughout her career so far. But she didn’t concentrate on winning awards or being famous. “I really just love swimming. It’s important for any athlete to remember just why you started,” she said.
As one of the most decorated athletes in history, Long’s goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows. “Dream big,” she said. “There are so many possibilities out there, so find your passion, be consistent and work hard. You define your own success.”
24．How old was Long when she found her life sport
A．11 B．10. C．12. D．13.
25．What made Jessica determine to devote herself to swimming
A．Her experience of winning 13 gold medals.
B．Her parents’ support and teachers’ help.
C．Her teammates’ understanding and kindness.
D．Her focus on winning awards and fame.
26．What is the text mainly about
A．A poor orphanage and her close friends.
B．A happy girl and her confusing childhood.
C．An amazing illness and its terrible influence.
D．An inspiring story about an unlucky person.
27．Which of the following may Long most agree with
A．If you can dream it, you can make it.
B．If you want to succeed, learn to swim.
C．A man never reaches success until disabled.
D．A sportsman’s goal is winning gold medals.
Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成熟) occurs far later than previously thought. Great changes in brain are still taking place during young adulthood, especially in the regions that are important for planning ahead, expecting the future results of one’s decisions, and comparing risk and reward. Indeed, some brain regions do not reach full maturity until the early 20s. Should this new knowledge make us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults
Maybe. But it’s not as simple as it seems for two reasons.
First, different brain regions mature along with different timetables. There is no single age at which the adolescent brain becomes an adult brain. Systems responsible for logical reasoning mature when people are 16, but those involved in self-regulation are still developing in young adulthood. This is why 16-year-olds are just as capable as adults when it comes to permitting informed medical papers, but are still immature in ways that reduce their criminal responsibility, as the Supreme Court has noted in several recent cases. Using different ages for different legal boundaries seems strange, but it would make neuro- scientific sense if we did it reasonably.
Second, science has never had much influence on these decisions. If it did, we wouldn’t have lived in a society that allows teenagers to drive before they can buy beer. Age boundaries are drawn mainly for political reasons, not scientific ones. It’s a pity that Neuroscience won’t have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct.
Children are so changeable in their growth and how cultures understand child development is so different. It is pointless to try to determine the “right” age of maturation. The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink alcohol at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to Neuroscience seriously and it’s a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US, I recognize that the government might never accept it.
28．What can we learn about brain maturation according to the passage
A．All the brain areas become mature at the same time.
B．Scientists’ brain matures much earlier than politicians’.
C．The region in charge of logical reasoning isn’t mature until 18.
D．The time of brain maturation is not as early as thought before.
29．What is the author’s attitude towards Neuroscience
A．Favorable. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Intolerant.
30．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．It’s illegal for a Dutch boy to drive at the age of 16.
B．The culture of the Dutch is much better than the USA．
C．It’s of great value to determine the right age of maturation.
D．The influence of science on law and policy making is very big.
31．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Should Children Learn from Capable Adults
B．Can Neuroscience Create Mature Scientists
C．Should Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions
D．Can Children Drive and Drink Beer Like Adults
Both lab-grown and plant-based alternatives are close to the taste and nutritional value of real meat without environmental damage.
The UN expects the world to have 9. 8 billion people by 2050. By that date, according to the predictions, humans will consume 70% more meat than they did in 2005. And it turns out that raising animals for human consumption is among the worst things we do to the environment. Depending on the animal, producing a pound of meat protein with Westem industrialized methods needs 4 to 25 times more water, 6 to 17 times more land, and 6 to 20 times more fossil fuels than producing a pound of plant protein. The problem is that people aren’t likely to stop eating meat anytime soon. This means lab-grown and plant-based alternatives might be the best way to limit the damage.
Making lab-grown meat involves getting muscle tissue from animals and growing it in bioreactors. The end product looks much like what you’d get from an animal, although researchers are still working on the taste. Researchers at Maastricht University, who are working to produce lab-grown meat at scale, believe they’ll have a lab-grown burger available by next year. One shortcoming of lab-grown meat is that the environmental benefits are still small-a recent World Economic Forum report says the emissions from lab-grown meat would be only around 7％ less than emissions from beef production.
A better environmental case can be made for plant-based meats from companies like Beyond Meat Foods, which use pea proteins, wheat, potatoes, and plant oils to mimic the real taste of animal meat. According to an analysis by the Center for Sustainable Systems at the University of Michigan, a Beyond Meat pie would probably generate 90% less greenhouse-gas emissions than a traditional burger made from a cow.
32．Why were lab-grown and plant-based meat introduced
A．To eat more tasty and delicious meat. B．To reduce damage to the environment.
C．To have as much protein as people can. D．To rid the world of severe hunger problems.
33．What can we learn about lab-grown meat from Paragraph 3
A．Making lab-grown meat involves killing animals first.
B．Consuming lab-grown meat can be realized next year.
C．The cost of lab-grown beef is 7% cheaper than real beef.
D．The damage of lab-grown meat to the environment is still big.
34．What does the underlined word “mimic” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Ruin. C．Change. D．Sell.
35．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A science magazine. D．A course plan.
2023届陕西省榆林市高三一模英语试题
一、阅读理解
A family vacation may be a good opportunity to relax and enjoy ourselves. Destinations nestled in nature with plenty of breathing room and easy access to fresh air are trending. Here are four destinations with an eye towards the great outdoors.
Woodloch Resort, Pennsylvania
Considering meals, drinks and activities are all included, it is worry-free to travel at Woodloch Resort. With vast rural grounds, its location and safety measures make it easy to be socially distant. You can sail on the lake, hike, swim or enjoy family-friendly games and fort food classics served three times each day should satisfy even picky eaters.
Ocean Lakes Family Campground, South Carolina
Camping is a time-honored tradition. Families may bond over simple pleasures such as eating burgers grilled over an open fire and stargazing. Ocean Lakes Family Campground in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, sits on nearly a mile of beachfront. Each site is roomy enough for a large camper. Mini-golf, a waterpark, and bike rentals are a few of the many family friendly recreational options.
Hull-O Farms, New York
Develop a connection to the land when you stay on a working farm. Take part in simple agricultural tasks such as picking fruit, gathering eggs and milking cows. Kids can enjoy the outdoor environment with healthy freedom that their parents might not be able to allow them in a crowded city. Hull-O Farms is a 7th-generation family farm. Guests may reserve one of three comfortable houses and participate in farm life as much or as little as they please.
Shenandoah Valley, Virginia
Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley is not far from Philadelphia and New York. You’ll find a slower pace as you travel along scenic country roads through mountains, valleys and forests.
You can hike in Shenandoah National Park, explore large caves or rent a boat moving down the Shenandoah River.
1．Which destination offers all-inclusive service
A．Shenandoah Valley. B．Woodloch Resort.
C．Hull-O Farms. D．Ocean Lakes Family Campground.
2．What is special about Hull-O Farms
A．People can camp on the beach.
B．People can enjoy all kinds of foods.
C．People can take part in farm life.
D．People can row a boat along the river.
3．Where can the text be found
A．In a novel. B．In a biography.
C．In a farming magazine. D．In a travel brochure.
Near-death accidents and summit failures have not slowed down mountaineer Saray N’ kusi Khumalo. The Zambia-born mother of two holds a corporate job, hosts a podcast, has climbed some of the tallest mountains around the world, and still has the time to run a non- profit organization that focuses on education in Africa.
“My grandfather always used to say, ‘if you don’t live a life of service, that’s a life wasted, ” she said. In 2013, she founded Summits With A Purpose in South Africa. With every climb, she raises funds to help build schools and libraries. Khumalo is not going to just climb and take a selfie. She is going to climb and then make a difference.
Not long after her first-ever summit, she turned her eyes toward the world’s tallest peak: Mt. Qomolangma, located in the Himalayas. The first three attempts were tough and heart-breaking for Khumalo: She experienced everything from natural disasters to losing consciousness in the “death zone”, Qomolangma’s top stretch over 8, 000 meters above sea level, where oxygen is dangerously low.
On May 16, 2019 —her fourth bid —she succeeded, becoming the first Black African woman to reach the summit. In total, only eight of the 4,000 people who’ve ever summited Qomolangma are Black.
Khumalo is humbled by what she’s achieved so far, but she notes, “I don’t think that I’ve broken those stereotypes yet; there’s still a lot more work to be done,” adding that representation should extend beyond the mountain tops, too.
“It’s not just about Qomolangma; it is a gift that we need to leave for the next generation wherever we are,” she says, calling on her peers to step outside their comfort zone to show that Black people belong in all spaces.
4．What can we know about Khumalo from paragraph 1
A．She suffers from injuries. B．She is energetic.
C．She loves her family. D．She is struggling with life.
5．Why did she found Summits With A Purpose
A．To make herself rich. B．To fulfill her grandfather’s wish.
C．To raise funds for her climbing. D．To collect money for African education.
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Her life experiences. B．The success of her climbing.
C．The hardship in climbing. D．The conditions of the Qomolangma’s top.
7．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce a mountaineer pioneer. B．To show a respect for mountaineers.
C．To tell the history of mountain climbing. D．To attract more people to conquer Mt. Qomolangma.
Many people try to make society change for the better. The real challenge is how to get good solutions to scale up(按比例放大)for major change. New research suggests that social change may depend on the relationship between beneficial behaviors and policies.
The research, conducted by the University of Maine, University of Vermont and Université Laval in Quebec, Canada, attempted to understand how society can accomplish major, transformative social change, particularly the kind of social change necessary to solve the growing problem of climate change.
The researchers studied a behavior that benefits groups, but does not spread without pol- icy support, such as a costly measure to relieve the effects of climate change. They created a mathematical model, which simulates (模拟) a society where agents live in groups and adopt the beneficial behavior of peers. That behavior, given the right conditions, can spread like viral, but not if the institutional costs are too high.
“Large-scale social change is not just policy or behavior, but the emergence of a new self- reinforcing (自我强化)system that combines both. This allows us to ask new questions, such as “how would a new pattern of behavior and policy spread ’” says Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, lead author on the study.
The results showed that both behavioral change and policy change are required to achieve large-scale social change-and that they need to happen together. Though neither can get the job done on its own, policy change is especially critical. They found that sometimes the beneficial behavior can spread too far. In some cases, the spread of behavior beyond groups with supporting policy can reduce its perceived success and slow the spread of the policy, thereby limiting beneficial social change overall.
In future research, the team aims to apply these types of models to all sorts of beneficial social change, particularly the challenge of tackling climate change.
8．What factor may determine social change according to the research
A．Beneficial behavior.
B．Good policies.
C．Public awareness.
D．Rules and beneficial action.
9．What is the purpose of the research
A．To understand what social change is.
B．To figure out the way society changes.
C．To accomplish trans-formative social changes.
D．To tackle the growing problem of climate change.
10．What will the researchers do next
A．Put theory into practice.
B．Write essays about their study.
C．Take challenges of climate change.
D．Do surveys on their research subject.
11．In which section may the text appear in a newspaper
A．Travel.
B．Amusement.
C．Society.
D．Economy.
The area of tropical forest destroyed in 2021 was enough to cover the entire island of Cuba, and sent more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as India does in an entire year from burning fossil fuels, according to an analysis published on Thursday.
Some 11.1 million hectares (around 43, 000 square miles) of forest was destroyed, mainly by logging (伐木)as well as fires, the analysis by the World Resources Institute’s Global Forest Watch and the University of Maryland found. Some of those fires were deliberately lit to clear land and many were deteriorated by climate change.
The loss was less severe than in 2020, but deforestation (毁林)is still occurring at an alarming rate in the tropics. Of the area lost, 3. 75 million hectares were primary tropical forest at the equivalent of 10 soccer fields every minute, WRI reported.
Primary tropical forests in particular are crucial for the ecological balance of the planet, providing oxygen that supports life and as biodiversity hotspots. They are also rich in stored carbon, and when these forests are logged or burned, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
“What’s important to understand is that forests, especially tropical forests, are part of the global climate system,” WRI senior fellow Frances Seymour told CNN. “So they’re not mechanical carbon storage devices. They actually influence the energy transfer and the moisture content of the atmosphere in ways that affect rainfall and global circulation patterns.”
“When deforestation happens, when forests are lost, it not only contributes carbon to the atmosphere, but also disrupts rainfall patterns and increases local temperatures in some ways. For example, it makes remaining forests more vulnerable to fire, and the warmer, drier conditions that come with climate change,” Seymour said.
12．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “deteriorated” in paragraph 2
A．strengthened
B．expanded
C．worsened
D．extended
13．In which aspect are primary tropical forests especially important
A．Promoting world economy.
B．Balancing the earth’s ecology.
C．Predicting severe weather.
D．Providing wood resources.
14．What did Seymour talk about in the last paragraph
A．The consequence of deforestation.
B．The cause of forests loss.
C．The methods of protecting forests.
D．The contributions of forests.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Logging causes most forests loss
B．Analysts are concerned about tropic forests loss
C．Primary tropical forests are rich in stored carbon
D．Tropical forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate
2023届陕西省宝鸡市高三一模英语试题
一、阅读理解
4 Books for Your Christmas List
These spectacular books would make fantastic presents this Christmas.
Journey to the River Sea
by Eva Ibbotson.
Illustrated by Katie Hickey
(Macmillan Children’s Books)
In this children’s classic, travel deep into the Amazon jungle in search of adventure with heroine Mala. Celebrating the 20th anniversary of an award-winning, best-selling story this gift edition comes packed with lots of colorful artwork from illustrator Katie Hickey.
Little People Big Dreams Treasury
by Maria Isabel Sanchez Vegara and Lisbeth Kaiser
(Frances Lincoln Children’s book)
In this wonderfully illustrated collection you can explore the fascinating true stories of 50 brilliant “dreamers” including activists like Greta Thunberg, artists such as Frida Kahlo, musicians, scientists, sporting legends and writers.
Daughter of the Deep
by Rick Riordan
(Puffin Books)
Percy Jackson author Rick Riordan’s latest book is a thrilling sci-fi adventure set in an academy for underwater explorers. During the sea-trials at the end of their first year, Ana and her classmates witness a terrible tragedy and soon begin to uncover deep, dark secrets and age-old rivalries.
Everyone Sang
by William Sieghart.
Illustrated by Emily Sutton
(Walker Books)
If you like poetry, you’ll love this illustrated collection, which is divided into four sections: Poems to Make You Smile; Poems to Move You; Poems to Give You Hope; and Poems to Calm and Connect You. Poets such as Carol Ann Duffy and Lemn Sissay are included.
1．Which book tells true stories about some famous people
A．Journey to the River Sea.
B．Little People Big Dreams Treasury.
C．Daughter of the Deep.
D．Everyone Sang.
2．What kind of book is Daughter of the Deep
A．A folk tale. B．A biography.
C．A science fiction. D．A true story.
3．What is special about Everyone Sang
A．It is written by Eva Ibbotson.
B．Itis intended for poetry lovers.
C．It is one of the best-selling hooks.
D．It contains stories about Lemn Sissay.
In 2014, I was in ballet class when I got a call from the hospital that my dad had experienced a stroke. I rushed to the hospital to join him, and found him buried in a nest of cables, surrounded by a variety of monochromatic, rapidly beeping (making a short, loud sound) assistive machines. They seemed to form a single, massive enclosure around him. Every few moments he would peer up at one of the machines with wide, confused eyes. I became clear that many of the technologies that were meant to be helping and supporting him were scary and inaccessible. During the most difficult moments of his life, the machines multiplied his fear.
I wondered how I could make him feel reassured, safe, and dignified around these devices. At the time, I was a professional dancer and choreographer (编舞者). Dancers, performers and theater artists are all masters at evoking emotions, so I began to think how I might improve machines to help him feel empowered and hopeful rather than afraid. My dad is now in his early 70s and fully recovered. But his story led me to start combining my passions for dance and technology.
I’ve danced with different robots all around the world, in installations (就职) and live performances. I’m now a Ph. D．candidate in mechanical engineering at Stanford University, where I work on models and interfaces that allow robots to learn new tasks from humans.
As the number of robots in society continues to increase, more people need to be capable of using them. I think of other commonly used technologies like laptops and phones and reflect that a user like my dad actively direct the robot with natural human motions.
I believe the intersection (交叉点) between robotics and human will continue to expand as robots move out of the factory and into the public. I am not sure how soon my dad will have a robot in his house, but I do believe that when it arrives, it will be filled with dance knowledge.
4．What do we know about the author’s father after he was in hospital
A．He longed to see his son.
B．He knew little about his illness.
C．He was curious about new machines.
D．He was terrified of medical equipment.
5．What mainly made the author combine dance and technology
A．His care for his father.
B．His personal experiences.
C．A creative thought for dance.
D．Technology’s effect on society.
6．The author mentioned laptops and phones in paragraph 4 to____
A．account for their wide use in life.
B．convince readers of their significance.
C．show development of the modem technology.
D．predict the capability of people using robots.
7．What is the author’s attitude to the future of dancing robots
A．Suspicious. B．Optimistic.
C．Pessimistic. D．Uncertain.
Feeling sleepy in the middle of the day There are many reasons why we get sleepy in the afternoon. Bad lighting, a poor night’s sleep, a boring job, large (carb-heavy) lunches, and more can all contribute to head-bobbing at your desk or falling into a light sleep during a meeting. The best course of action would be to find the root cause of your sleep issue and fix it, but most of us simply head for the coffee pot or the cafe. Instead of that, try climbing some stairs.
Well, now exercise researchers have discovered that walking up and down lights of stairs for about 10 minutes actually gives you a more effective boost (提高) of energy than drinking 50 milligrams of caffeine greedily (the average amount of caffeine found in a cup of coffee, tea, or soda).
In a study called Stair walking, the researchers enlisted 18 “physically active” college women between the ages 18 and 23. The participants reported experiencing chronically poor sleep, adding up to an average of fewer than 45 hours of shuteye each week in the past few years. And they are often a lack of available time during the workday for a dedicated exercise session.
The researchers chose stair climbing as the exercise of choice. Walking up and down the stairs requires no specific clothing, travel time, or even a shower afterward. During the study, on some days the participants alternated (交替) between taking 50-milligram caffeine pills or a placebo. On the other days, they skipped the caffeine (real or otherwise) and climbed up and down the stairs, at a moderate pace, for 10 minutes.
At the conclusion of the study, the researchers acknowledged that there is more research to be done (when isn’t that the case ) but concluded that “A short period of low-to-moderate intensity stair walking has temporary energizing effects that exceed a low dose of caffeine for active young women with chronic insufficient sleep.”
So, the next time you find yourself nodding off mid-afternoon, why not give stairs a try
8．What is the main purpose of paragraph 1
A．To describe a phenomenon.
B．To explain reasons of poor sleep.
C．To present the topic of stair climbing.
D．To remind people to drink less coffee.
9．According to the passage, college women ________.
A．suffered from sleep disorder
B．were active in physical workout
C．were too busy to fall sound sleep
D．volunteered to participate in the study
10．What does the underlined word “skipped” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Released. B．Exchanged.
C．Became addicted to. D．Missed out on.
11．What message does the text seem to convey
A．Proper stair walking can refresh people.
B．People tend to fall asleep in mid-afternoon.
C．A moderate intake of caffeine will be harmless.
D．Climbing stairs can effectively solve sleep issue.
Young male African elephants show calmer behavior when older, more experienced male elephants are around, according to a new study. Experts say the discovery could help to protect both elephants and humans.
Researchers from the University of Exeter, in south-west England and the charity Elephants for Africa studied the behavior of 281 male elephants (known as bulls) in Botswana’s Makgadikgadi Pans National Park over three years. At between 12 and 15 years old, bull elephants leave the herd where they grow up and then spend much of their time either alone or with other males. Females, in contrast, stay with the herd they were born into.
To see if there were patterns in the way males behaved after leaving their herd, the researchers divided them into four groups: two groups of adolescents (aged 10-15 or 16-20 years old), and two groups of adults (aged 21-25 or over 26 years old). They found that the younger males were more likely to be aggressive towards non-elephant targets, such as other animals and vehicles when there were fewer older adult bulls to mix with. Connie Allen from the University of Exeter, who led the study, suggests this may be because the young bulls on their own are less experienced at identifying threats to their safety. That means they are more likely to become fearful, which makes them attack.
Allen said the research revealed an important role for older male elephants who have often been thought of as not very useful in elephant society. This mistaken belief has led wildlife authorities to allow some hunting of older males, reducing their numbers and their possible calming influence on younger bulls. In the area where the elephants live, 71% of people said they felt that elephants threaten their safety. The research suggests that having more older males could help with the problem.
12．How do bull elephants differ from female elephants
A．They leave the herd.
B．They stay with the herd.
C．They behave violently.
D．They are more independent.
13．Why do younger male elephants attack people or vehicles
A．They protect their herd from danger.
B．They are too young to recognize threats.
C．They are frightened by non-elephant targets.
D．They are not protected well by older elephants.
14．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．Older male elephants are less important in elephant society.
B．It is reasonable to allow some hunting of older male elephants.
C．Older male elephants can help reduce elephant attack.
D．People’s safety is threatened by older male elephants.
15．What is the best title for the text
A．Old Elephants Threaten People’s Safety
B．Old Male Elephants Keep Young Calm
C．Young Elephants Are More Aggressive
D．Bull Elephants Tend to Leave the Herd
2023届陕西省汉中市高三教学质量第一次检测考试（一模）英语试题
一、阅读理解
Searching the OED
How to use the quick search
The quick search bar can be found on the OED(Oxford English Dictionary)homepage and at the top of every entry page, and finds main dictionary entries, such as alphabet, break, xylophone. It also finds phrases and compounds listed within main entries, such as to look up or alphabet book, and different forms of spellings such as dictionaries.
Wildcard searches
A wildcard is a symbol which stands for any character. The question mark represents the occurrence of any one single character, and the asterisk*represents the occurrence of any number of characters (or no character at all). Wildcards are useful if you do not know how to spell a word, or if you want to lined several terms beginning with the same root.
How to use the advanced search
An advanced search is a full search of the entire dictionary text which is for readers who have logged in or subscribed to the dictionary. Advanced search can be especially useful for very specific searches. You can use the search area functionality to search by each section of an entry. You can also use filters to narrow your search to match certain criteria.
Browsing by categories
Categories allow you to explore the dictionary through groupings of words in, for instance. a subject or from a particular origin. If you want to find all the Caribbean borrowings in English, or find the first word related to friend to enter the dictionary, this is the function for you.
Further explore your search by using the options that appear on the right-hand side of the results page.
1．What will you use if you want to lookup some terms beginning with the same root
A．The quick search. B．The advanced search.
C．Wildcard searches. D．Browsing by categories.
2．What’s the requirement of using the advanced search
A．Registering for the dictionary. B．Matching certain criteria.
C．Searching with specific words. D．Searching with purpose.
3．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A dictionary. B．A website. C．A handbook. D．A magazine.
Michael Yellow-lees set off to complete a 5,000-mile walk across Canada in the spring of 2021, wearing a kilt(短褶裙)and carrying a few items in a handcart, including a guitar. The 32-year-old musician from Dunked, Scotland, walked from the shores of the Pacific Occam to the cast coast of Newfoundland on the edge of the North Atlantic with his pet dog, Luna, an Alaskan husky, by his side.
Speaking about the Scottish Highlands, Mr.Yellow-lees said,“It is a beautiful landscape, but with a strong sense of sadness because of the absence of woodland,wildlife and people. So I decided to walk across the great wildernesses of Canada to raise funds for Trees for Life, a Scottish rewinding charity, and its work to restore(恢复)Scotland’s Caledonian Forest.”
The enthusiastic walker shared some of his experiences, including meeting black bears and hearing wolves cry loudly at night. He also mentioned a moment when he lost Luna after she jumped out of a little boat during a trip in the waterway section of the Trans Canada Trail in Nor-them Ontario.
Yet Mr Yellow-lees was deeply touched by the warmth of the people along the way. In every town and village,people offered him food, shelter and donations. And he was accompanied into towns and cities by marching pipe bands and interviewed by newspapers, the radio and TV.
Steve Mickie wright,chief executive officer of Trees for Life,said, “We followed Michael’s journey across Canada with respect and admiration. Restoring native habitats and wildlife to the Highlands is a big task that no one can do alone. But Michael’s extraordinary journey is proof that an individual can really make a difference.”
Bob Davidson, one of Michael Yellow-lees’ friends, said, “This is not a slow walk in the park, but a long march with heavy equipment on the rough road at an incredible pace. He’s an amazing guy.”
4．What do we know about Scottish Highlands from the passage
A．It is located in the east coast of Britain.
B．It is a beautiful landscape but full of sorrows.
C．It may be once the site of extensive forests.
D．It is closely related to a charity in Canada
5．According to Paragraph 3, Michael’s journey .
A．involved great excitement and fun
B．was a challenging experience
C．was troubled by his companion Luna
D．once made him regret his decision
6．What attitudes did people along the way hold towards Michael’s action
A．Neutral B．Supportive C．Doubtful D．Indifferent
7．Which of the following statements may Steve Mickie wright’s may agree with
A．We need to respect those who protect the environment.
B．It is not wise to take a long journey alone in the wild.
C．Ordinary people who aim high can work wonders.
D．People needs great survival skills in daily life.
Flash droughts are relatively new for natural disasters, and come on fast, with conditions going from normal to severely dry in less than one month. This means people have no time to prepare for the consequences, which can include dried crops, streams or wells.
A well-documented flash drought swept across the central U.S. in 2012. Normal winter and spring rainfall made people assume it would be a normal summer. But it suddenly stopped raining in May, leading to the driest summer in the Great Plains since 1895. The drought destroyed crops in six states, resulting in $35.7 billion of agricultural loss.
The 2012 disaster inspired researchers to concentrate on flash droughts. In a study published in 2021, Cook and his colleagues, using tree ring data paired with soil moisture data, reconstructed the frequency and scale of flash droughts in the Central Plains over the past 500 years. The model showed that over one-third of all flash droughts since A．D．1500 occurred in the 20th century.
However, while science is giving some insights into where and how these rapid dry outs happen, we still don’t know how to predict them.
“We know the physical ingredients that cause flash droughts, but we don’t really understand what triggers them in the soil column,” says Justin Man kin, a geography professor.
Part of the reason flash droughts are difficult to forecast is because there’s a lack of on the ground monitoring, including real-time measurements of soil moisture. Tools like the U.S. Drought Monitor rely on satellite imagery of vegetation as well as other geophysical data. But they only provide a guess of soil moisture, rather than showing what’s happening beneath the surface.
“Plants are doing the water exchange between the land and the atmosphere,” explains Man kin. “That exchange is happening in what we call the root zone about a meter underground, which is difficult to monitor from a satellite.”
8．The author leads in the topic by__________.
A．listing some examples
B．analyzing different phenomena
C．giving a general description
D．making comparisons
9．How did Cook and his team study flash drought
A．By doing experiments. B．By analyzing statistics.
C．By studying the history. D．By writing reports.
10．What’s the disadvantage of the current monitoring tools
A．They cannot track water exchange.
B．They depend on satellites and data.
C．They cannot get clear pictures.
D．They cannot predict soil moisture.
11．What’s the best title of the text
A．How We Predict Flash Droughts
B．How Flash Droughts Form
C．What Flash Droughts Bring
D．What Flash Droughts Are
A woman in Yunnan has been leading an effort over the past decade to help children on the autism(自闭症)spectrum, Li Yingxue reports. Since she founded Look at Me, a children’s development center in Kunming, Yunnan province, in 2010, Sha Jingmei, 38, has focused her efforts on helping kids on the autism spectrum.
Children with autism are like “people inside a bottle who can clearly see the world outside, but can’t get out of the bottle to communicate with others,” she says, adding that in order to help the children, people should try to understand them first.“ Children with autism will not behave the same way as other children. When meeting them on the street, please don’t look at them with a discriminatory look. Sometimes they just need a kind look which can make them less psychologically tense and stressful,” Sha says.
Ma Shiyan, 28, director of Look at Me, remembers the time she joined Sha’s team 4 years ago and was at a loss when a boy got emotional. Sha came and easily smoothed the boy’s emotions. Ma has learned a lot from Sha and is touched by her positive energy whether dealing with children or the difficulties when running the training center.“Sha knows the condition of each child at our center, and when we discuss one child’s case,she can often associate it with another kid’s case,” Ma says.
When naming the training center Look at Me 12 years ago, Sha says she hopes society would pay more attention to children on the autism spectrum. Now, she has furthered the goal to help the children take care of themselves, as well as have jobs to sustain. Some of the older children from the center have found jobs in a local coffee company or at a bar. In the future, Sha aims to find more jobs for such children.
Working in special education means dealing with different challenges,and this makes Sha feel she is alive.“You are thinking of how to solve different problems each day,”she says.
12．The underlined word in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by_______.
A．dissatisfied B．unfair C．impatient D．indifferent
13．We can conclude from Ma’s comment that______.
A．Sha Jingmei is a woman who cares about everyone.
B．An emotional boy always makes a teacher confused.
C．Sha Jingmei has a good knowledge of her students.
D．Running the training center takes great efforts.
14．What can we infer about Look at Me from the passage
A．It is a children’s development center founded in 2010 in Kunming, Yunnan Province.
B．It helps children with autism draw attention of the whole society all the time.
C．It calls for people to donate money for the training courses for children with autism.
D．It supports children with autism in their ability to integrate with the society.
15．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Sha Jingmei has concentrated all her efforts to help children with autism.
B．A woman called Sha Jingmei founded Look at Me to help those in need.
C．Sha Jingmei appeals to the whole society to focus on children.
D．Children with autism need to be cared for by the whole society.
2023年陕西省渭南市高考英语一模试卷
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
11．（6分）
Acton Scott Historic Working Farm
About
Acton Scott Historic Working Farm is a wonderful visitor attraction for all the family to enjoy.Founded by Thomas Acton to keep alive the19th﹣century farming practices he grew up with，the farm was the first of its kind and has been much copied since.Thomas's foresight has helped to preserve many traditions that might otherwise have been lost to modern﹣day farming techniques.
The Historic Working Farm offers an interesting insight into rural life at the turn of the 19th century，as farm life unfolds daily while the land around is worked by heavy horses.There are daily demonstrations of period skills，providing a picture of life as it might have been on a Victorian country estate.Special events and traditional craft （技艺） and trade courses to learn about the forgotten skills of the past run throughout the year.
The Old School，originally built by Frances Stackhouse Acton in the late 19th century to educate children，has been recently restored and is now an attractive cafe.It serves home﹣cooked hot and cold meals，snacks and drinks.
Opening times
Saturday﹣Wednesday 10：00 to 16：30 March — October，enter before 15：30
Ticket prices
0﹣2 Free
3﹣17 5.00
Adults 9.00
Pensioners（领养老金者） 8.00
（1）What can visitors do at the farm？ 　 　
A.Ride horses with their family.
B.Learn traditional farming skills.
C.Attend classes at the Old School.
D.Cook meals with the farm products.
（2）At what time can visitors enter the farm？ 　 　
A.At 2.00 pm，Monday，May.
B.At 10.00 am，Friday，March.
C.At 11.30 am on January 1.
D.At 4.30 pm on October 20.
（3）How much may they pay if an 11﹣year﹣old girl and her working parents visit the farm？ 　 　
A. 18.
B. 21.
C. 23.
D. 27.
12．（8分）When I was a student at St．Joseph's University，I began to spend time on the streets of Philadelphia，getting to know the men and women for whom these streets were their only home．The more I developed relationships with them and the more I got to know them，the harder it became to head home at night while they remained outside．
In this journey，I have had many great teachers ﹣﹣﹣ including Georgianna Simmons，who lost nine of her toes to frostbite （冻伤），and Joe Williams，with a college degree，who runs a rescue center for homeless men．
I've been doing this work for more than thirty years．People who have nothing have taught me so much about life．The lesson they have taught me is that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need：housing，education，employment，and healthcare．Contrary to our society，which values those it believes productive and rich and often ignores those who struggle with homelessness，I believe that every man，woman，and child has gifts．Everyone matters!
Therefore，I work for a society in which each person is given the chances and resources to achieve their fullest potential （潜力）．I also believe that our greatest power is released when people come together across social boundaries （边界） to form a community．It is through "the power of us " that we come to know the deepest truth of our humanity．This is what I truly believe，"None of us are truly home until all of us are home．"
（1）Which of the following is true about the author after he knew more about the homeless？　 　
A．He wanted to make friends with them．
B．He admired the life they were living．
C．He decided to live on the streets．
D．He felt great pity for them．
（2）What can we learn about Joe Williams？　 　
A．He has made studies on the homeless．
B．He has been homeless for a long time．
C．He has done something good for the homeless．
D．He has taken care of the homeless at his home．
（3）What can be learned from Paragraph 3？　 　
A．The homeless are taken seriously by the government．
B．We should provide houses for the homeless．
C．The homeless have fewer chances than us．
D．The number of the homeless is increasing．
（4）Which could be the best title for the text？　 　
A．Everyone matters
B．How the homeless live
C．The best way to help the homeless
D．What we should do to help ourselves
13．（8分）Many studies have shown the learning—by—teaching effect.Students who spend time teaching what they've learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re—studying.But why does teaching help？
Researchers did a study to test their idea that teaching improves the teacher's learning because it forces the teacher to find back what they've learned.They asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them.They told the students they could take notes while studying，but would teach the material afterwards without notes.After studying the text，the students were divided into four groups.In one group the students spent five minutes giving a lesson on the study material without notes.The other groups either spent the same time completing arithmetic（算术） problems，teaching with a script（讲稿） or writing down all they could remember from the text—a form of recalling practice.A week later，all the students took a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text.
The important finding is that the teaching—without—notes group and the recalling—practice group performed better than the group that completed arithmetic problems and the group that taught with a script.
The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning—by—teaching method are caused by recalling practice；that is，the learning—by—teaching method works only when the teaching includes recalling the taught materials.
The new findings have a practical suggestion for how the learning—by—teaching method is used in education.In order to make sure that students learn and remember an educational material，they should internalize（内化） the material before presenting it to others，rather than depend on notes during the presentation process.
（1）Why does the author give a question in Paragraph 1？ 　 　
A.To look for readers' answer.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To keep a sense of mystery.
D.To show off his knowledge.
（2）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ 　 　
A.Why the study started.
B.How the study was done.
C.How many people joined in the study.
D.What conclusion the researchers made.
（3）What should be stressed in school education according to the author？ 　 　
A.Previewing—by—teaching.
B.Note—taking.
C.Learning—by—teaching.
D.Mind—mapping.
（4）Where is the text probably from？ 　 　
A.A history textbook.
B.A newspaper.
C.A guideline.
D.A detective novel.
14．（8分）Up to one fifth of the Amazon rainforest is emitting more carbon dioxide （CO2 ），than it absorbs，new research suggests.Results from a decade﹣long study of greenhouse gases over the Amazon rainforest appear to show around 20% of the total area has become a net source of CO2 in the atmosphere.One of the main causes is deforestation.While trees are growing，they absorb CO2 from the atmosphere；dead trees release it again.However，the fact is that millions of trees have been lost to logging and fires in recent years.
The results of the study，which have not yet been published，have implications for the effort to combat climate change.They suggest that the Amazon rainforest，a vital carbon "store"，or "sink"，that slows the pace of global warming may be turning into a carbon source faster than previously thought.Every two weeks for the past 10 years，a team of scientists led by Professor Luciana Gatti，a researcher at Brazifs National Institute for Space Research （INPE），has been measuring greenhouse gases by flying aircraft fitted with sensors over different parts of the Amazon basin.What the group found was startling：while most of the rainforest still retains its ability to absorb large quantities of CO2 — especially in wetter years — one portion of the forest，which is especially heavily deforested，appears to have lost that capacity.
Gatti's research suggests this south﹣eastern part of the forest，about 20% of the total area，has become a carbon source. "Each year is worse，" she told Newsnight， ＜4We observed that this area in the south﹣east is an important source of carbon.And it doesn't matter whether it is a wet year or a dry year.2017 was a wet year，but it didn't make any difference."
A forest can become a source of carbon rather than a "store"，or "sink"，when trees die and emit carbon into the atmosphere.Areas of deforestation also contribute to the Amazon's inability to absorb carbon.
Carlos Nobre，who co﹣authored Prof Gatti's study，called the observation "very worrying" because "it could be showing the beginnings of a major tipping point".He believes the new findings suggest that in the next 30 years，more than half of the Amazon could transform from rainforest into savanna（稀树草原）.
（1）Which of the following might Professor Luciana Gatti agree with？ 　 　
A.Most of the Amazon rainforest absorbs more CO 2 in wetter years.
B.The Amazon rainforest is on its way to becoming the biggest source of carbon.
C.Deforested areas tend to perform better in terms of absorbing carbon in dry years.
D.The Amazon rainforest has completely lost its ability to slow the pace of global warming.
（2）What does the underlined word probably mean？ 　 　
A.Striking.
B.Convincing.
C.Confusing.
D.Disgusting.
（3）What part of the Amazon rainforest has lost most trees？ 　 　
A.Northeastern.
B.Southwestern.
C.Southeastern.
D.Northwestern.
（4）What might be talked about in the following paragraph？ 　 　
A.Other worrying phenomena about the Amazon.
B.More explanations for the ''Amazon tipping point".
C.Other people's opinions on effects of deforestation.
D.Comparison between old findings and new ones.
参考答案
2023届陕西省咸阳市高三一模英语试题
21．C 22．B 23．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要提供了音乐会的一些售票信息。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段“Due to extremely high demand, tickets for the three traditional end-of-year concerts of the Vienna Philharmonic are drawn exclusively on the Vienna Philharmonic website.(由于需求极高，维也纳爱乐的三场传统年终音乐会只能在维也纳爱乐乐团网站上购票)”可知，文章介绍的音乐会门票的相关信息。由此推知，音乐迷会对这些信息最感兴趣。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The registration is separate from your user account for the Webshop and is specifically for the drawing.(注册是独立于您的用户帐户的网上商店，是专门为绘图)”可知，参与绘图才能买到票。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段“The ticket prices range between 35 ? and 1200 ? for the New Year’s Concert, 25 ? and 860 ? for the New Year’s Eve Concert, and between 20 ? and 495 ? for the Preview Performance.(新年音乐会的票价在35欧元到1200欧元之间，跨年音乐会的票价在25欧元到860欧元之间，预览演出的票价在20欧元到495欧元之间)”可知，两张预演的票至少要40?。故选D。
24．B 25．C 26．D 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了残疾远动员杰西卡·朗克服身体限制，努力奋斗，成为了13枚残奥会金牌得主的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Born in Russia and living in an orphanage for the first 13 months of her life, Jessica Long had no idea what her future would hold. (杰西卡·朗出生于俄罗斯，在她生命的前13个月住在孤儿院，她不知道自己的未来会是什么样子)”以及第二段中“Long was born in Russia, where she lived in an orphanage until her parents adopted her in 1993.(朗出生在俄罗斯，在1993年被父母收养之前，她一直住在一家孤儿院)”可知，朗是在1992年出生的，再根据第二段中“Then, in 2002, Long found her sport for life: swimming!(然后，在2002年，朗找到了她一生的运动：游泳!)”可知，她是在10岁时找到游泳这项终身运动的。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“There were moments I struggled, but my teammates treated me like a friend. When I look back on my life and I think about anyone on that team, no one made fun of me for having no legs and they were so kind.(有些时候我很挣扎，但我的队友们像朋友一样对待我。当我回顾我的人生，想到游泳队里的每一个人，没有人因为我没有腿而取笑我，他们都很善良)”可推知，杰西卡也曾挣扎过，但是队友的理解和善良让她坚持下去了。故选C项。
26．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Born in Russia and living in an orphanage for the first 13 months of her life, Jessica Long had no idea what her future would hold. The little girl born with Fibular Hemimelia would not only go on to be a 13-time gold medal-winning Paralympic champion, but she would inspire others to chase their dreams.(杰西卡·朗出生于俄罗斯，在她生命的前13个月住在孤儿院，她不知道自己的未来会是什么样子。这个天生患有腓骨半足症的小女孩不仅成为了13枚残奥会金牌得主，而且还激励了其他人去追逐他们的梦想)”以及最后一段“As one of the most decorated athletes in history, Long’s goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows. “Dream big,” she said. “There are so many possibilities out there, so find your passion, be consistent and work hard. You define your own success.”(作为历史上获得荣誉最多的运动员之一，朗的目标是只要她的身体允许，就继续比赛。“要有远大的梦想，”她说。“有太多的可能性，所以找到你的激情，坚持不懈，努力工作。你自己定义自己的成功。”)”可知，本文主要是通过讲述杰西卡的故事，来激励他人，也就是一个关于不幸的人的鼓舞人心的故事。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据最后第一段中“As one of the most decorated athletes in history, Long’s goal is to just keep competing as long as her body allows. “Dream big,” she said. “There are so many possibilities out there, so find your passion, be consistent and work hard. You define your own success.”(作为历史上获得荣誉最多的运动员之一，朗的目标是只要她的身体允许，就继续比赛。“要有远大的梦想，”她说。“有太多的可能性，所以找到你的激情，坚持不懈，努力工作。你自己定义自己的成功。”)”可知，杰西卡认为只要有梦想，你就要坚持下去，就能做到，所以她会同意A项“If you can dream it, you can make it.(如果你能梦想，你就能做到)”。故选A项。
28．D 29．A 30．A 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要议论了神经科学家对人大脑的成熟有了新的认知，即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些，由此是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定，但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，即对该问题进行了否定回答。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成熟) occurs far later than previously thought.(神经科学家现在知道，大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚得多。)”可知，大脑成熟的时间并不像以前想象的那么早。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ It’s a pity that Neuroscience won’t have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct.(虽然神经科学总是正确的，但遗憾的是它不会对政治产生太大的影响。)”以及最后一段“Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to Neuroscience seriously and it’s a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age in the US(即使我坚信法律决定应该认真参考神经科学，在美国降低饮酒年龄和提高驾驶年龄是个好主意)”可知，作者认为神经科学给出的结论是正确的，只是它没有受到政治的关注，未对政治产生重大影响。由此推断作者对神经科学持有的是支持的态度。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink alcohol at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. (例如，荷兰允许16岁的孩子喝酒，但直到19岁才能开车。)”可知，荷兰是允许16岁的孩子喝酒的，但是19岁才能开车即19岁以下开车是违法的。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成熟) occurs far later than previously thought. (神经科学家现在知道，大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚得多。)”；以及本段中“Should this new knowledge make us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults (这一新知识是否会让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限？)”以及第二段中“Maybe. But it’s not as simple as it seems for two reasons.(也许吧。但事情并不像看上去那么简单，原因有二。)”可知，本文主要议论了神经科学家对人大脑的成熟有了新的认知，即大脑成熟的时间比以前认为的要晚一些，由此是否应该让我们重新思考孩子和成年人之间的法律界限，即神经科学的结论能否影响法律决定的制定，但实际而言事情看上去并不是那么简单，由此文章解释了两个原因，即对该问题进行了否定回答。故C选项“Should Neuroscience Affect Law Decisions (神经科学会影响法律决策吗？)”符合文章标题。故选C。
32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们正在研发植物肉，说明了背后的原因以及存在的问题。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And it turns out that raising animals for human consumption is among the worst things we do to the environment. Depending on the animal, producing a pound of meat protein with Westem industrialized methods needs 4 to 25 times more water, 6 to 17 times more land, and 6 to 20 times more fossil fuels than producing a pound of plant protein.(事实证明，饲养动物供人类食用是我们对环境做的最糟糕的事情之一。根据不同的动物，用西方工业化的方法生产一磅肉蛋白需要比生产一磅植物蛋白多4到25倍的水，6到17倍的土地和6到20倍的化石燃料)”可知，引进实验室培育的植物肉是为了减少对环境的破坏。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“One shortcoming of lab-grown meat is that the environmental benefits are still small-a recent World Economic Forum report says the emissions from lab-grown meat would be only around 7％ less than emissions from beef production.(实验室培育肉类的一个缺点是环境效益仍然很小——世界经济论坛最近的一份报告称，实验室培育肉类的排放量只比牛肉生产的排放量少7%左右)”可知，实验室培育的肉类对环境的破坏仍然很大。故选D。
34．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A better environmental case can be made for plant-based meats from companies like Beyond Meat Foods, which use pea proteins, wheat, potatoes, and plant oils to”以及后文“the real taste of animal meat”可知，Beyond Meat Foods等公司生产的植物性肉类可以更好地保护环境，他们使用豌豆蛋白、小麦、土豆和植物油来模仿动物肉的真实味道。故画线词意思是“复制”。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据第一段“Both lab-grown and plant-based alternatives are close to the taste and nutritional value of real meat without environmental damage.(实验室培育的和植物性的替代品都接近于真正肉类的味道和营养价值，而不会对环境造成破坏)”结合文章主要介绍了人们正在研发植物肉，说明了背后的原因以及存在的问题可推知，文章选自科学杂志。故选C。
2023届陕西省榆林市高三一模英语试题
1．B 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文是应用文，介绍了适合家庭旅游的几个胜地。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据Woodloch Resort, Pennsylvania部分中的“Considering meals, drinks and activities are all included, it is worry-free to travel at Woodloch Resort.(考虑到饮食，饮料和活动都包括在内，在伍德洛克度假村旅游是无忧无虑的。)”可知，Woodloch Resort提供包括餐饮和活动的全包式服务。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据Hull-O Farms, New York部分中的“Hull-O Farms is a 7th-generation family farm. Guests may reserve one of three comfortable houses and participate in farm life as much or as little as they please.(Hull-O农场是第七代家庭农场。只要客人们愿意，他们可以预订三个舒适的房子之一，并参与农场生活多少。)”可知，在Hull-O Farms的客人可以体验农场生活。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A family vacation may be a good opportunity to relax and enjoy ourselves. Destinations nestled in nature with plenty of breathing room and easy access to fresh air are trending. Here are four destinations with an eye towards the great outdoors.(家庭度假可能是一个很好的机会，放松和享受自己。依偎在大自然中的旅游目的地拥有充足的呼吸空间和便于呼吸的新鲜空气正成为一种趋势。这里有四个目的地，着眼于伟大的户外活动。)”可知，本文介绍了适合家庭旅游的几个胜地。由此可推知，在旅游指南上可以读到这篇文章。故选D。
4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了登山者Saray N’ kusi Khumalo，这位赞比亚出生的两个孩子的母亲在一家公司工作，主持播客，爬过世界上最高的一些山，还有时间经营一个专注于非洲教育的非营利性组织。文章介绍了她的个人经历以及取得的成就。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Zambia-born mother of two holds a corporate job, hosts a podcast, has climbed some of the tallest mountains around the world, and still has the time to run a non- profit organization that focuses on education in Africa.(这位赞比亚出生的两个孩子的母亲在一家公司工作，主持播客，爬过世界上最高的一些山，还有时间经营一个专注于非洲教育的非营利性组织)”可知，Khumalo精力充沛。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2013, she founded Summits With A Purpose in South Africa. With every climb, she raises funds to help build schools and libraries.(2013年，她在南非创立了Summits With A Purpose——每次攀登，她都会筹集资金帮助建造学校和图书馆)”可知，她成立Summits With A Purpose是为非洲教育筹集资金。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Not long after her first-ever summit, she turned her eyes toward the world’s tallest peak: Mt. Qomolangma, located in the Himalayas. The first three attempts were tough and heart- breaking for Khumalo: She experienced everything from natural disasters to losing consciousness in the “death zone”, Qomolangma’s top stretch over 8, 000 meters above sea level, where oxygen is dangerously low.(在她第一次登顶后不久，她就把目光投向了世界最高峰：位于喜马拉雅山脉的珠穆朗玛峰。前三次尝试对库马洛来说艰难而令人心碎：她经历了从自然灾害到在“死亡地带”失去意识的一切。珠峰的顶峰海拔超过8000米，那里的氧气含量低得危险)”可知，第三段主要讲了攀登的艰辛。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Near-death accidents and summit failures have not slowed down mountaineer Saray N’ kusi Khumalo. The Zambia-born mother of two holds a corporate job, hosts a podcast, has climbed some of the tallest mountains around the world, and still has the time to run a non- profit organization that focuses on education in Africa.(濒临死亡的事故和登顶失败并没有让登山者Saray N’ kusi Khumalo放慢脚步。这位赞比亚出生的两个孩子的母亲在一家公司工作，主持播客，爬过世界上最高的一些山，还有时间经营一个专注于非洲教育的非营利性组织)”结合文章介绍了她的个人经历以及取得的成就可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一位登山先锋。故选A。
8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍的是一项研究，该研究的目的是试图了解社会如何实现重大的、变革性的社会变革，特别是解决日益严重的气候变化问题所必需的那种社会变革。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“New research suggests that social change may depend on the relationship between beneficial behaviors and policies.(新的研究表明，社会变革可能取决于有益行为和政策之间的关系。)”可知，社会变革取决于行为和政策之间的关系。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The research, conducted by the University of Maine, University of Vermont and Université Laval in Quebec, Canada, attempted to understand how society can accomplish major, transformative social change, particularly the kind of social change necessary to solve the growing problem of climate change.(这项由缅因州大学、佛蒙特大学和加拿大魁北克省拉瓦尔大学共同开展的研究，试图了解社会如何实现重大的、变革性的社会变革，特别是解决日益严重的气候变化问题所必需的那种社会变革。)”可知，该项研究的目的是试图了解社会如何实现重大的、变革性的社会变革即弄清社会的变化。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In future research, the team aims to apply these types of models to all sorts of beneficial social change, particularly the challenge of tackling climate change.(在未来的研究中，该团队的目标是将这些类型的模型应用于各种有益的社会变革，特别是应对气候变化的挑战。)”可知，该研究接下来将把理论付诸于实践。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The research, conducted by the University of Maine, University of Vermont and Université Laval in Quebec, Canada, attempted to understand how society can accomplish major, transformative social change, particularly the kind of social change necessary to solve the growing problem of climate change.(这项由缅因州大学、佛蒙特大学和加拿大魁北克省拉瓦尔大学共同开展的研究，试图了解社会如何实现重大的、变革性的社会变革，特别是解决日益严重的气候变化问题所必需的那种社会变革。)”可知，本文介绍的是一项研究，该研究的目的是试图了解社会如何实现重大的、变革性的社会变革，特别是解决日益严重的气候变化问题所必需的那种社会变革。由此推断，本文出自报纸的社会部分。故选C。
12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了伐木和火灾导致大面积的热带森林被毁，并分析了原始热带森林的意义和影响。
12．词句猜测