2023届高三英语二轮复习强化练5：阅读理解题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习强化练5：阅读理解题（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-12 23:24:40 | ||
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强化练5 阅读理解题
一、应用文
A
(2022·河北名校联盟质检)
These destinations march to the beat of their own drum.So put on your dancing shoes and head to these sweet-sounding cities.
New Orleans
In the 19th century，slaves gathered on Sundays to play drums，dance，and sing in Congo Square.Those lively rhythms of Africa ran head on with the sounds of Europe to create jazz，a typical American art form that has inspired generations of Americans and spread around the globe.But this isn’t suit-wearing，head-nodding，polite jazz.New Orleans jazz sweeps you off your feet and makes you jump and clap and sing along.
Chicago
Large numbers of African-Americans left the South in search of better opportunities during 1916－1970 and Chicago attracted scores of these people，who brought with them the sound of the Mississippi River.Here，it changed into something sad and symphonic：blues.Blues was not born in Chicago，but it was here that it found a new voice and began to spread its message around the world.
Memphis
Memphis is the birthplace of rock and roll.It was here in Sun Studios in the summer of 1951 that Ike Turner and his band the Delta Cats recorded “Rocket 88”，widely regarded as the first rock and roll song.But，like so many great things，it happened by accident that the guitarist’s loudspeaker broke down during the recording，creating a unique guitar sound that would become a hallmark of the music.People didn’t know how to classify it，but they knew they loved it.The rest is history.
New York City
New York is one of the world’s greatest cities where you can listen to all kinds of music.But to experience a true New York state of mind，you have to leave the shiny towers and Broadway shows of Manhattan and head to Harlem，the Bronx，Brooklyn，and Queens to explore the city’s hip-hop history.
1．What do New Orleans jazz and Chicago blues have in common
A．They sound very sad.
B．They have similar origin.
C．They happened by accident.
D．They are played on the guitar.
2．When was rock and roll born
A．In the 19th century.
B．In the late 19th century.
C．In the early 20th century.
D．In the mid-20th century.
3．What are Harlem and Queens known for
A．Blues. B．Jazz.
C．Hip-hop. D．Rock and roll.
B
(2022·广东广州一模)
Scientific educational toys can develop kid’s reasoning，problem-solving and critical thinking capacity and improve their hand-eye coordination(协调)．But the most powerful thing is that the children will associate learning with fun.That means they will grow into adults with a thirst for knowledge and a highly developed set of skills for learning.Here are some of the best：
·Science Kit
You can guarantee two things if you buy your kids one：a lot of fun and a lot of mess.It’s a 20-piece kit that teaches the basics of chemical reactions.It’s recommended for kids aged 6 and above，with adult company.You don’t have to be a scientist，since there is an activity book with instructions for possible experiments.
·Mini Terra Kit
You don’t have to wait for the sun to come out to teach kids about the natural world.This all-inclusive kit is a miniature garden that simulates a natural environment by using a powerful LED light.It includes a terrarium jar，light-up jar lid，Micro USB charger，and all the natural ingredients to get started.It also has a simple instruction booklet that you can work through with your kids.
·Gravity Run
This classic is not just about building a structure and watching the marbles go up and down.The games are designed for kids aged 8＋ to develop spatial awareness，planning，and reasoning.With 60 challenges (beginner to expert)，this award-winning game can be enjoyed by all the family.The expert levels are actually quite challenging，so be prepared for some failures.
·WeRo Kit
This prize-winning robot toy features over 840 pieces，a WeRo Move Hub，Interactive Moto，and a Distance Sensor.You can build it into 5 completely different robots，meaning endless fun for the kids and even adults.Once they’ve built the character of their choice，they can programme it to perform countless tasks including walking and talking on its own.
4．What is the greatest strength of scientific educational toys
A．Training young scientists.
B．Stimulating learning desire.
C．Developing hand-eye coordination.
D．Building up problem-solving habits.
5．Which toy suits kids who enjoy growing plants
A．Science Kit. B．Mini Terra Kit.
C．Gravity Run. D．WeRo Kit.
6．What is special about WeRo Kit
A．It has different levels.
B．It is the only prize-winner.
C．It requires parental guidance.
D．It involves programming skills.
C
(2022·山东日照一模)
Teen Adventure：Europe Coast to Coast 2022
If you are interested in Europe Coast to Coast for the summer of 2022，please reach out to us and we will notify you when we’ve published the 2022 schedule and opened the application.
Holland，Belgium，Paris
Our group will gather in Amsterdam and spend the first night in the ancient Dutch city of Haarlem before picking up the well-traveled Nordzeeroute bike route.This protected，coastal path winds its way along the coast of the North Sea for nearly 300 miles，past windmills and over banks.We’ll make our way through charming Dutch and Belgian towns and cross the border into France.Once in France，we’ll ride quiet country roads through small villages，enjoying the many delights of rural French life along our way.We’ll continue south to Chantilly and take a train in to spend a day in the City of Light.
Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee
From Paris，we continue east through the vineyard(葡萄园) covered hills of the Champagne region，into the green valleys of Alsace-Lorraine，and then on to Strasbourg，right on France’s border with Germany.We’ll cross the Rhine River and follow Germany’s outstanding network of bike paths through the charming Black Forest to the shores of Lake Constance，also known in Germany as the Bodensee.We’ll look across this famous lake to the snow-covered peaks of the Alps—the next leg of our journey together.
The Alps，Northern Italy Venice
Leaving the Bodensee，we’ll start our climb into and through the Austrian Alps.Shortly after skirting the Swiss border，we’ll cross into Bella Italia and begin our downhill descent(斜坡) toward the warm waters of the Adriatic Sea.Upon arrival，we’ll put our bikes away and spend our final days together celebrating our great cycling skills while exploring Venice，one of the world’s most beautiful and mysterious cities.
7．Where will the adventurers explore the City of Light
A．In France. B．In Holland.
C．In Belgium. D．In Germany.
8．What will the adventurers do in Germany
A．Swim in the Rhine River.
B．Sail on Lake Constance.
C．Get to the top of the Alps.
D．Ride through the Black Forest.
9．How many countries will the adventurers cross in total
A．Five. B．Six.
C．Seven. D．Eight.
二、记叙文
A
(2022·河北保定一模)
When clouds of radiation began streaming into the air around the Fukushima nuclear plant，160,000 residents were told to simply cut and run.However，it seems only 159,998 residents listened.The other two—Naoto Matsumura and Sakae Kato—remained.The two men would give up everything rather than let other beings starve.
Living within the 12.5-mile exclusion zone around the damaged reactor，the two men，unrelated to one another，both live alone while taking care of dozens of animals that were left behind when the evacuation order was given.
Reports from Reuters and DW state that 57-year-old Kato has 41 cats who live with him in his home in the mountains—along with a dog he adopted named Pochi.Kato says he will stay with his cats and ensure they are comfortable all through their lives.
Matsumura left the city at first，but returned shortly after for his own animals.Once returned，the now 55-year-old realized that everyone else’s pets and livestock were still there，so he began taking care of a broad community of animals including pigs，cats，dogs，ponies，ostriches，and cows.
GNN reported that he went back inside the exclusion zone and realized local pet dogs had not eaten in several days.After it became clear that no one was coming back to the neighborhood，he went around unchaining dogs from trees，letting cows out of their barns，and feeding anything in need，earning him the nickname the “Guardian of Fukushima’s Animals”．
Everything both Kato and Matsumura are doing is risky.Though proud of what Kato and Matsumura have done，their friends and families hope that they can leave the dangerous area.Yet they seem to be determined in what they are doing and both plan to stay there with their animals，come what may.
1．What does the phrase “other beings” in paragraph 1 probably refer to
A．Animals. B．People.
C．Plants. D．Residents.
2．What kind of person is Sakae Kato
A．Curious. B．Caring.
C．Ambitious. D．Lonely.
3．What do we know about Naoto Matsumura
A．He is 57 years old.
B．He knows Kato very well.
C．He has dozens of animals to look after.
D．He lives 12.5 miles from the exclusion zone.
4．What can we infer about the two men from the text
A．They will follow the advice of their families.
B．They will call on more people to protect animals.
C．They stay in the mountains to enjoy loneliness.
D．They have no regard for their own safety.
B
(2022·湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)
On January 22,2022，the British-Belgian,19-year-old Zara Rutherford，successfully landed her two-seat microlight aircraft back at the Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport，from where she had departed 155 days ago，fulfilling her dream to be the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.
“I feel excited not only to break the Guinness World Record，but also to diminish the gender gap by 11 years between the current youngest male record holder Travis Ludlow,18 at the time of his record，and the previous female record holder Shaesta Waez，who was 30 when she completed her ‘Dreams Soar’ around-the-world flight，” Rutherford wrote on her blog.
Rutherford’s journey crossing five continents and 52 countries began on August 18,2021.She encountered numerous unexpected delays along the way.They included an unscheduled stop in Redding，California，due to wildfires and a month-long stop in Nome，Alaska，to renew her Russian visa.She also faced several challenges in the air.When flying from Iceland to Greenland，Rutherford lost radio contact with her ground team for much of the 3-hour flight.The incidents also resulted in her having to cross over Russia in sub-zero temperatures.The hardest part was flying over Siberia—it was extremely cold and if the engine broke down，she’d be hours away from rescue.Despite the severe difficulties，the determined young pilot never gave up on her dream.
Rutherford grew up around airplanes.Her British father flies commercially，while her Belgian mother is a recreational pilot.The young girl began learning how to fly at age 14 and obtained her aviator’s license in 2020.With her goal of flying around the world accomplished，Rutherford now has her sights set even higher.She wants to become an astronaut and explore space.
She hopes that her journey will encourage more young women to pursue careers in aviation.Currently the number of female pilots is just 5 percent.Rutherford says，“It’s an easy thing to say，but just go for it.If you don’t try and see how high you can fly，then you’ll never know.”
5．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Narrow. B．Divide.
C．Fill. D．Cause.
6．Why did Rutherford have to stop in Nome
A．The wildfires were too fierce.
B．Her Russian visa was due.
C．The weather was too severe.
D．Her engine broke down.
7．What’s the purpose of paragraph 4
A．To switch to a new topic.
B．To summarize her achievements.
C．To illustrate her admirable talents.
D．To add some background information.
8．What does the passage try to convey
A．Life is not all roses.
B．Dream big，aim high.
C．Not to advance is to go back.
D．The greatest talkers，the least doers.
C
(2022·江苏南京、盐城二模)
Nowadays mail delivery is a little different.I still get my mail from my mailbox.Nothing but my neighbors’ mail.I thought that was curious.
I proceeded to take my neighbors’ mail to them.I was about to put the mail in their mailbox when a tall man came running out，shouting about messing with his friend’s mail.He snatched(夺过) the mail from my hand，opened the mailbox and pointed to the mail inside，“You were after this.”
I shook my head，“No，believe me.I got this mail by mistake in my box today.I was just bringing it to them.”He gave me a funny look and went back into his house.
I got the knock on the door the next morning by two very polite officers.The annoyed tall man had phoned the police and told them I was a crazy old woman going around mixing up everyone’s mail.Before I could finish telling them about what was going on，the officers had watched a dog approach my mailbox with mail in his mouth.He took out the mail that was in my box and put letters in.He pushed the door closed with his nose，picked up the new pile of mail he had gotten from my box，and repeated this all the way down the next street.We all started laughing.
The dog had belonged to a mail carrier who had died.No one thought to check (the carrier lived alone) on the man’s dog.The dog had been trained to put mail in and take mail out of the boxes.When he got loose，he assumed his duties.
I went by to talk to the annoyed tall man to fill him in on what had happened.He was very pleased when he realized I was not a mail thief.He did，however，adopt the little guy.
9．Why did the tall man give the author a funny look
A．To show his disbelief.
B．To express his curiosity.
C．To contain his annoyance.
D．To hide his embarrassment.
10．How did the police officers discover the truth
A．By analyzing the case.
B．By witnessing the mix-up.
C．By questioning the author.
D．By consulting the tall man.
11．According to the story，the dog .
A．was well-trained and devoted
B．used to live a lonely and busy life
C．was assigned to replace the carrier
D．guarded the mail in the neighborhood
12．What’s the best title for the story
A．A Mail Service B．A Dog’s Tale
C．Special Delivery D．Noble Duties
三、议论文
A
A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors.On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment.As a result，they are turning to clotheslines as part of the “what-I-can- do environmentalism”．
But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside，arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at.They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines，because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood.This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines.So far，only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.
Matt Reck,37，is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants.His family also uses a clothesline.But several days ago，the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline.The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard.“Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don’t take matters in their own hands，”says Reck.The local HOA has decided not to take any action，unless more neighbors complain.
North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do.But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods.They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can’t even afford dryers，housing prices will fall.
Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary，and in view of global warming，that idea needs to change.As they say，“The clothesline is beautiful.Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged.We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.”
1．Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because ________.
A．clothes dryers can save money
B．clothes dryers are energy-saving
C．clothesline drying reduces home value
D．clothesline drying is not allowed in US
2．Which of the following best describes Matt Reck
A．He is a warm-hearted man.
B．He is an impolite neighbor.
C．He is an inexperienced gardener.
D．He is a man of social responsibility.
3．Who are most likely to support clothesline drying
A．Housing businesses.
B．Environmentalists.
C．Homeowners Associations.
D．Reck’s dissatisfied neighbors.
4．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Opposite Opinions on Clothesline Drying
B．A Way to Save Energy and Money
C．Different Varieties of Clotheslines
D．A Lost Art to Be Discovered
B
Being perfect is something many of us want and try to achieve.It makes us feel we’re correct and that our hard work has paid off.However，as much as perfection and being perfect is not all a perfect thing.
Perfection is all about being without mistakes and criticism.Wanting or trying to be perfect can make it hard to admit a mistake.Nevertheless，it is important to own_up_to mistakes and work to fix them.Not being able to take criticism and fix mistakes is arrogance，not perfection.
Perfection is a double-edged sword.In our lives，we want perfection.Perfection holds us accountable; it’s the mistakes and imperfection that keeps pushing us harder and further at what we do.It’s the perfect motivator.But it’s also the perfect killer.For example，the movie “Black Swan” showcased how perfection can kill us.Working and training and stress hurt our body，mind，and so much more that we can’t do it any more.
But perfection can also have the opposite effect.The movie “High Strung” showed that perfection doesn’t exist，but practicing and pushing ourselves can bring us great rewards.In “Black Swan”，the main character tried to be perfect but he also compared himself to someone else who he thought was better than him.This added more pressure and self-doubt，which can cause unhealthy ways of achieving perfection.The main character of “Black Swan” didn’t know when to stop，whereas the main character of “High Strung” did，or at least didn’t focus so much on the comparison，and instead focused on the competition and the ones she cared about.
Perfection is something we can’t live without and can’t live with.The only way to keep the sword from cutting us is if we know when to stop.Some days are going to be good days and others will be bad.We have to take whatever day it is—perfect or imperfect—and hope that’s enough.
5．What does the underlined phrase “own up to” mean in paragraph 2
A．Make. B．Avoid.
C．Correct. D．Acknowledge.
6．What prevents the character in “Black Swan” from going further
A．Comparison. B．Self-doubt.
C．Pressure. D．Competition.
7．What does the author advise us to do while trying to be perfect
A．Try not to make mistakes.
B．Push ourselves harder.
C．Stop before going too far.
D．Prove our ability to others.
8．What could be the best structure of the passage (P＝paragraph)
C
(2022·广东梅州一模)
It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt.
—Mark Twain
You can have something extremely smart，useful or funny to say，but if you say it at an improper time，you could make yourself look foolish.
Throughout history many famous，noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain’s words to heart.These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent.Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so.All leaders must choose their words carefully，picking the right time to speak，so that their words can have the greatest impact.
If you learn to develop this skill of knowing when to hold your tongue，you will also become wise，even if people think you are not.Some people，in fact，will underestimate you because they do not know what you are thinking all the time.This can give you an advantage in many situations.When people underestimate you，they do not focus on you，leaving you to make and perform plans without being noticed.
If you think before you speak，you can also improve your listening skills，which is a very important and useful skill to have.Listening is another key trait(特征) for a leader to have，and it is harder to achieve than many people think.First，you have to be quiet，and then you have to listen attentively，with all your attention on what the person is saying to be a good listener.When you learn to stop and think before you speak and when you learn to become a good listener you will be well on your way to becoming a good leader.By being able to listen to the people that work with you and for you，you will be able to make informed decisions.
9．The quotation(引言) from Mark Twain functions as ________.
A．an example B．a thread
C．a comparison D．a model
10．The author takes the example of many famous，noteworthy people to express that ________.
A．influential people are able to express themselves freely
B．many important people didn’t take Mark Twain’s words seriously
C．leaders should attach great importance to when，how and what to say
D．the public will not understand them if famous，noteworthy people keep silent
11．According to the passage，what are the advantages of developing the skills of holding your tongue
①You could be underestimated by others.
②People often think highly of you.
③You can polish up listening skills.
④You will improve your relationship with others.
A．①② B．①③ C．③④ D．②④
12．Which of the following is the best title
A．He That Talks Much Errs Much
B．Facts Speak Louder than Words
C．Even Homer Sometimes Nods
D．A Still Tongue Makes a Wise Head
参考答案
一、应用文
1．B [推理判断题。根据New Orleans一节中的第二句及Chicago一节中的第一、二句可推断，爵士及布鲁斯音乐的起源很相似：都是源于美国。故选B。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据Memphis一节中的第二句可知，摇滚乐是在20世纪中期诞生的。故选D。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据New York City一节中的第二句可知，哈莱姆区和皇后区以嘻哈文化而著名。故选C。]
4．B [细节理解题。从首段第二句可知，科学教育玩具的最大优势是将玩和学联系起来，即激发孩子的学习欲望。故选B。]
5．B [细节理解题。根据Mini Terra Kit部分的前三句可知，Mini Terra Kit这个玩具可以让孩子接触自然世界。因此适合喜欢植物的孩子。故选B。]
6．D [细节理解题。根据WeRo Kit部分的第三句可知，WeRo Kit的特别之处在于它涉及编程技能。故选D。]
7．A [细节理解题。根据Holland，Belgium，Paris部分中的最后两句可知，冒险者将在法国探索光明之城。故选A。]
8．D [细节理解题。根据Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee部分中的第二句可知，冒险者将在德国骑自行车穿过黑森林。故选D。]
9．B [细节理解题。根据Holland，Belgium，Paris部分中的第三句“...Dutch and Belgian towns and cross the border into France.”及Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee部分中的第二句“...follow Germany’s outstanding network of bike paths...”及最后一段前两句中的the Austrian Alps、Bella Italia可知，冒险者穿过荷兰、比利时、法国、德国、奥地利及意大利，共6个国家。故选B。]
二、记叙文
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。福岛的两个当地居民甘愿留在核泄漏的禁区里照料被遗弃的动物，虽然其家人不赞同这样做，但他们决定无论如何也要跟这些动物待在一起。
1．A [词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，这两个人照顾留在核污染区的许多动物，所以画线部分指代的是动物。故选A。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Kato不仅照顾自己的猫，还照顾领养的狗，确保它们一生都过得舒适，这说明他是一个有爱心的人。故选B。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段最后一句可知，Naoto Matsumura照顾着几十只猫、狗等动物。故选C。]
4．D [推理判断题。根据第二段和最后一段可知，辐射区对人是有危害的，但这两个人依然待在里面照顾各种动物。家人和朋友希望他们离开，但他们依然不顾自身安危决定留下来。故选D。]
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Zara Rutherford成功实现了她成为最年轻的完成单人环球飞行的女性的梦想以及她在旅程中遇到的一些挑战。
5．A [词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，Rutherford不仅打破了吉尼斯世界纪录，还将目前最年轻的男性纪录保持者Travis Ludlow和前女性纪录保持者之间的性别差距缩小了11岁。Ludlow创造世界纪录时只有18岁，而之前的女性纪录保持者Shaesta Waez在完成“梦想翱翔”环球飞行时已经30岁。故画线词的意思是“缩小”。故选A。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Rutherford要在诺姆停留是因为她的俄罗斯签证到期了。故选B。]
7．D [推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，第四段的目的是增加Rutherford的一些背景信息。故选D。]
8．B [推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段最后一句并结合文章主要内容可推知，文章想表达“梦想远大，目标远大”的思想。故选B。]
语篇解读 文章为一篇记叙文。主要围绕作者和邻居的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的信件乌龙事件。
9．A [推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和第四段第一、二句可知，那位男子不相信作者的解释，选择了报警。故选A。]
10．B [细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四、五句可知，警察在上门调查时撞见并目睹了那只狗取信件和放信件的全过程，由此发现了真相，故选B。]
11．A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，这只狗受过训练会取放信件。在邮递员去世后，它依旧履行职责，可见它是一只训练有素且忠诚的狗，故选A。]
12．C [标题归纳题。文章主要围绕作者和邻居因为一封信件而产生的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的信件投递乌龙事件。中心主要围绕送信一事，故选C。]
三、议论文
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。一条简单的晾衣绳引起了一些环保的美国人和他们的邻居之间的争议，有些人反对在室外晾晒衣服，他们认为晾衣绳看起来很难看，且会降低房屋价值，环保人士则认为晾衣绳很环保且美观。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，干衣机的支持者们正试图阻止晾衣绳，因为晾衣绳降低了房屋价值。故选C。]
2．D [推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和倒数第二句可推知，Matt Reck是一个有社会责任感的人。故选D。]
3．B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句以及最后一段可知，环保人士最有可能支持晾衣绳。故选B。]
4．A [标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合文章的主要内容可知，文章讲述了一条简单的晾衣绳引起了一些环保的美国人和他们的邻居之间的争议。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。故选A。]
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述完美是我们很多人都想要并努力实现的，然而，完美并不是没有错误和缺点，它是一把双刃剑。
5．D [词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Not being able to take criticism and fix mistakes is arrogance，not perfection.”以及画线词后面“mistakes and work to fix them”可知，不能接受批评和纠正错误是傲慢，而不是完美，所以承认错误并努力改正是很重要的。故画线短语意思是“承认”。故选D。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第四段中“In ‘Black Swan’， the main character tried to be perfect but he also compared himself to someone else who he thought was better than him.This added more pressure and self-doubt，which can cause unhealthy ways of achieving perfection.”可知，是比较阻止了《黑天鹅》中的角色走得更远。故选A。]
7．C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The only way to keep the sword from cutting us is if we know when to stop.”可知，作者建议我们在追求完美的同时，不要走得太远。故选C。]
8．C [篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总起全文，引出关于“完美”的话题；第二段中“Perfection is all about being without mistakes and criticism.”为第一个论点；第三段和第四段指出完美是一把双刃剑，为第二个论点；最后第五段对全文进行总结。由此可推知，C选项最符合文章结构。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了保持沉默的重要性。
9．B [写作手法题。文章开篇引用马克·吐温的话，结合正文第二段的“Throughout history many famous...keep silent.”可推断，马克·吐温的话被用来作为线索引出文章的主题：沉默是金。故选B。]
10．C [写作意图题。根据第二段内容可推断，作者举许多名人的例子是想要说明：作为领导，更应该重视何时、何地以及以何种方式说话，这样他们的话才能产生更大的影响。故选C。]
11．B [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Some people，in fact，will underestimate...without being noticed.”和第四段第一句可知，保持沉默可以让别人低估你的能力，这样你可以集中精力制定和执行你的计划，而不被人关注。其次，保持沉默还可以提高你的倾听能力。故选B。]
12．D [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章论述了保持沉默的重要性。A项“言多必失”；B项“事实胜于雄辩”；C项“智者千虑，必有一失”；D项“寡言者智”。故选D。]
一、应用文
A
(2022·河北名校联盟质检)
These destinations march to the beat of their own drum.So put on your dancing shoes and head to these sweet-sounding cities.
New Orleans
In the 19th century，slaves gathered on Sundays to play drums，dance，and sing in Congo Square.Those lively rhythms of Africa ran head on with the sounds of Europe to create jazz，a typical American art form that has inspired generations of Americans and spread around the globe.But this isn’t suit-wearing，head-nodding，polite jazz.New Orleans jazz sweeps you off your feet and makes you jump and clap and sing along.
Chicago
Large numbers of African-Americans left the South in search of better opportunities during 1916－1970 and Chicago attracted scores of these people，who brought with them the sound of the Mississippi River.Here，it changed into something sad and symphonic：blues.Blues was not born in Chicago，but it was here that it found a new voice and began to spread its message around the world.
Memphis
Memphis is the birthplace of rock and roll.It was here in Sun Studios in the summer of 1951 that Ike Turner and his band the Delta Cats recorded “Rocket 88”，widely regarded as the first rock and roll song.But，like so many great things，it happened by accident that the guitarist’s loudspeaker broke down during the recording，creating a unique guitar sound that would become a hallmark of the music.People didn’t know how to classify it，but they knew they loved it.The rest is history.
New York City
New York is one of the world’s greatest cities where you can listen to all kinds of music.But to experience a true New York state of mind，you have to leave the shiny towers and Broadway shows of Manhattan and head to Harlem，the Bronx，Brooklyn，and Queens to explore the city’s hip-hop history.
1．What do New Orleans jazz and Chicago blues have in common
A．They sound very sad.
B．They have similar origin.
C．They happened by accident.
D．They are played on the guitar.
2．When was rock and roll born
A．In the 19th century.
B．In the late 19th century.
C．In the early 20th century.
D．In the mid-20th century.
3．What are Harlem and Queens known for
A．Blues. B．Jazz.
C．Hip-hop. D．Rock and roll.
B
(2022·广东广州一模)
Scientific educational toys can develop kid’s reasoning，problem-solving and critical thinking capacity and improve their hand-eye coordination(协调)．But the most powerful thing is that the children will associate learning with fun.That means they will grow into adults with a thirst for knowledge and a highly developed set of skills for learning.Here are some of the best：
·Science Kit
You can guarantee two things if you buy your kids one：a lot of fun and a lot of mess.It’s a 20-piece kit that teaches the basics of chemical reactions.It’s recommended for kids aged 6 and above，with adult company.You don’t have to be a scientist，since there is an activity book with instructions for possible experiments.
·Mini Terra Kit
You don’t have to wait for the sun to come out to teach kids about the natural world.This all-inclusive kit is a miniature garden that simulates a natural environment by using a powerful LED light.It includes a terrarium jar，light-up jar lid，Micro USB charger，and all the natural ingredients to get started.It also has a simple instruction booklet that you can work through with your kids.
·Gravity Run
This classic is not just about building a structure and watching the marbles go up and down.The games are designed for kids aged 8＋ to develop spatial awareness，planning，and reasoning.With 60 challenges (beginner to expert)，this award-winning game can be enjoyed by all the family.The expert levels are actually quite challenging，so be prepared for some failures.
·WeRo Kit
This prize-winning robot toy features over 840 pieces，a WeRo Move Hub，Interactive Moto，and a Distance Sensor.You can build it into 5 completely different robots，meaning endless fun for the kids and even adults.Once they’ve built the character of their choice，they can programme it to perform countless tasks including walking and talking on its own.
4．What is the greatest strength of scientific educational toys
A．Training young scientists.
B．Stimulating learning desire.
C．Developing hand-eye coordination.
D．Building up problem-solving habits.
5．Which toy suits kids who enjoy growing plants
A．Science Kit. B．Mini Terra Kit.
C．Gravity Run. D．WeRo Kit.
6．What is special about WeRo Kit
A．It has different levels.
B．It is the only prize-winner.
C．It requires parental guidance.
D．It involves programming skills.
C
(2022·山东日照一模)
Teen Adventure：Europe Coast to Coast 2022
If you are interested in Europe Coast to Coast for the summer of 2022，please reach out to us and we will notify you when we’ve published the 2022 schedule and opened the application.
Holland，Belgium，Paris
Our group will gather in Amsterdam and spend the first night in the ancient Dutch city of Haarlem before picking up the well-traveled Nordzeeroute bike route.This protected，coastal path winds its way along the coast of the North Sea for nearly 300 miles，past windmills and over banks.We’ll make our way through charming Dutch and Belgian towns and cross the border into France.Once in France，we’ll ride quiet country roads through small villages，enjoying the many delights of rural French life along our way.We’ll continue south to Chantilly and take a train in to spend a day in the City of Light.
Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee
From Paris，we continue east through the vineyard(葡萄园) covered hills of the Champagne region，into the green valleys of Alsace-Lorraine，and then on to Strasbourg，right on France’s border with Germany.We’ll cross the Rhine River and follow Germany’s outstanding network of bike paths through the charming Black Forest to the shores of Lake Constance，also known in Germany as the Bodensee.We’ll look across this famous lake to the snow-covered peaks of the Alps—the next leg of our journey together.
The Alps，Northern Italy Venice
Leaving the Bodensee，we’ll start our climb into and through the Austrian Alps.Shortly after skirting the Swiss border，we’ll cross into Bella Italia and begin our downhill descent(斜坡) toward the warm waters of the Adriatic Sea.Upon arrival，we’ll put our bikes away and spend our final days together celebrating our great cycling skills while exploring Venice，one of the world’s most beautiful and mysterious cities.
7．Where will the adventurers explore the City of Light
A．In France. B．In Holland.
C．In Belgium. D．In Germany.
8．What will the adventurers do in Germany
A．Swim in the Rhine River.
B．Sail on Lake Constance.
C．Get to the top of the Alps.
D．Ride through the Black Forest.
9．How many countries will the adventurers cross in total
A．Five. B．Six.
C．Seven. D．Eight.
二、记叙文
A
(2022·河北保定一模)
When clouds of radiation began streaming into the air around the Fukushima nuclear plant，160,000 residents were told to simply cut and run.However，it seems only 159,998 residents listened.The other two—Naoto Matsumura and Sakae Kato—remained.The two men would give up everything rather than let other beings starve.
Living within the 12.5-mile exclusion zone around the damaged reactor，the two men，unrelated to one another，both live alone while taking care of dozens of animals that were left behind when the evacuation order was given.
Reports from Reuters and DW state that 57-year-old Kato has 41 cats who live with him in his home in the mountains—along with a dog he adopted named Pochi.Kato says he will stay with his cats and ensure they are comfortable all through their lives.
Matsumura left the city at first，but returned shortly after for his own animals.Once returned，the now 55-year-old realized that everyone else’s pets and livestock were still there，so he began taking care of a broad community of animals including pigs，cats，dogs，ponies，ostriches，and cows.
GNN reported that he went back inside the exclusion zone and realized local pet dogs had not eaten in several days.After it became clear that no one was coming back to the neighborhood，he went around unchaining dogs from trees，letting cows out of their barns，and feeding anything in need，earning him the nickname the “Guardian of Fukushima’s Animals”．
Everything both Kato and Matsumura are doing is risky.Though proud of what Kato and Matsumura have done，their friends and families hope that they can leave the dangerous area.Yet they seem to be determined in what they are doing and both plan to stay there with their animals，come what may.
1．What does the phrase “other beings” in paragraph 1 probably refer to
A．Animals. B．People.
C．Plants. D．Residents.
2．What kind of person is Sakae Kato
A．Curious. B．Caring.
C．Ambitious. D．Lonely.
3．What do we know about Naoto Matsumura
A．He is 57 years old.
B．He knows Kato very well.
C．He has dozens of animals to look after.
D．He lives 12.5 miles from the exclusion zone.
4．What can we infer about the two men from the text
A．They will follow the advice of their families.
B．They will call on more people to protect animals.
C．They stay in the mountains to enjoy loneliness.
D．They have no regard for their own safety.
B
(2022·湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)
On January 22,2022，the British-Belgian,19-year-old Zara Rutherford，successfully landed her two-seat microlight aircraft back at the Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport，from where she had departed 155 days ago，fulfilling her dream to be the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.
“I feel excited not only to break the Guinness World Record，but also to diminish the gender gap by 11 years between the current youngest male record holder Travis Ludlow,18 at the time of his record，and the previous female record holder Shaesta Waez，who was 30 when she completed her ‘Dreams Soar’ around-the-world flight，” Rutherford wrote on her blog.
Rutherford’s journey crossing five continents and 52 countries began on August 18,2021.She encountered numerous unexpected delays along the way.They included an unscheduled stop in Redding，California，due to wildfires and a month-long stop in Nome，Alaska，to renew her Russian visa.She also faced several challenges in the air.When flying from Iceland to Greenland，Rutherford lost radio contact with her ground team for much of the 3-hour flight.The incidents also resulted in her having to cross over Russia in sub-zero temperatures.The hardest part was flying over Siberia—it was extremely cold and if the engine broke down，she’d be hours away from rescue.Despite the severe difficulties，the determined young pilot never gave up on her dream.
Rutherford grew up around airplanes.Her British father flies commercially，while her Belgian mother is a recreational pilot.The young girl began learning how to fly at age 14 and obtained her aviator’s license in 2020.With her goal of flying around the world accomplished，Rutherford now has her sights set even higher.She wants to become an astronaut and explore space.
She hopes that her journey will encourage more young women to pursue careers in aviation.Currently the number of female pilots is just 5 percent.Rutherford says，“It’s an easy thing to say，but just go for it.If you don’t try and see how high you can fly，then you’ll never know.”
5．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Narrow. B．Divide.
C．Fill. D．Cause.
6．Why did Rutherford have to stop in Nome
A．The wildfires were too fierce.
B．Her Russian visa was due.
C．The weather was too severe.
D．Her engine broke down.
7．What’s the purpose of paragraph 4
A．To switch to a new topic.
B．To summarize her achievements.
C．To illustrate her admirable talents.
D．To add some background information.
8．What does the passage try to convey
A．Life is not all roses.
B．Dream big，aim high.
C．Not to advance is to go back.
D．The greatest talkers，the least doers.
C
(2022·江苏南京、盐城二模)
Nowadays mail delivery is a little different.I still get my mail from my mailbox.Nothing but my neighbors’ mail.I thought that was curious.
I proceeded to take my neighbors’ mail to them.I was about to put the mail in their mailbox when a tall man came running out，shouting about messing with his friend’s mail.He snatched(夺过) the mail from my hand，opened the mailbox and pointed to the mail inside，“You were after this.”
I shook my head，“No，believe me.I got this mail by mistake in my box today.I was just bringing it to them.”He gave me a funny look and went back into his house.
I got the knock on the door the next morning by two very polite officers.The annoyed tall man had phoned the police and told them I was a crazy old woman going around mixing up everyone’s mail.Before I could finish telling them about what was going on，the officers had watched a dog approach my mailbox with mail in his mouth.He took out the mail that was in my box and put letters in.He pushed the door closed with his nose，picked up the new pile of mail he had gotten from my box，and repeated this all the way down the next street.We all started laughing.
The dog had belonged to a mail carrier who had died.No one thought to check (the carrier lived alone) on the man’s dog.The dog had been trained to put mail in and take mail out of the boxes.When he got loose，he assumed his duties.
I went by to talk to the annoyed tall man to fill him in on what had happened.He was very pleased when he realized I was not a mail thief.He did，however，adopt the little guy.
9．Why did the tall man give the author a funny look
A．To show his disbelief.
B．To express his curiosity.
C．To contain his annoyance.
D．To hide his embarrassment.
10．How did the police officers discover the truth
A．By analyzing the case.
B．By witnessing the mix-up.
C．By questioning the author.
D．By consulting the tall man.
11．According to the story，the dog .
A．was well-trained and devoted
B．used to live a lonely and busy life
C．was assigned to replace the carrier
D．guarded the mail in the neighborhood
12．What’s the best title for the story
A．A Mail Service B．A Dog’s Tale
C．Special Delivery D．Noble Duties
三、议论文
A
A simple piece of clotheslines hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors.On one side stand those who see clothes dryers as a waste of energy and a major polluter of the environment.As a result，they are turning to clotheslines as part of the “what-I-can- do environmentalism”．
But on the other side are people who are against drying clothes outside，arguing that clotheslines are unpleasant to look at.They have persuaded Homeowners Associations(HOAs) across the US to stop outdoor clotheslines，because clothesline drying also tends to lower home value in the neighborhood.This has led to a Right-to-Dry Movement that is calling for laws be passed to protect the choice to use clotheslines.So far，only three states have laws to protect clotheslines.
Matt Reck,37，is the kind of eco-friendly person who feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drops from his air conditioners to water plants.His family also uses a clothesline.But several days ago，the HOA in North Carolina told him that a dissatisfied neighbor had telephoned them about his clothesline.The Recks paid no attention to the warning and still dried their clothes on a line in the yard.“Many people say they are environmentally friendly but they don’t take matters in their own hands，”says Reck.The local HOA has decided not to take any action，unless more neighbors complain.
North Carolina lawmakers say that stopping clotheslines is not the right thing to do.But HOAs and housing businesses believe that clothesline drying reminds people of poor neighborhoods.They worry that if buyers think their future neighbors can’t even afford dryers，housing prices will fall.
Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary，and in view of global warming，that idea needs to change.As they say，“The clothesline is beautiful.Hanging clothes outside should be encouraged.We all have to do at least something to slow down the process of global warming.”
1．Supporters of clothes dryers are trying to stop clothesline drying because ________.
A．clothes dryers can save money
B．clothes dryers are energy-saving
C．clothesline drying reduces home value
D．clothesline drying is not allowed in US
2．Which of the following best describes Matt Reck
A．He is a warm-hearted man.
B．He is an impolite neighbor.
C．He is an inexperienced gardener.
D．He is a man of social responsibility.
3．Who are most likely to support clothesline drying
A．Housing businesses.
B．Environmentalists.
C．Homeowners Associations.
D．Reck’s dissatisfied neighbors.
4．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Opposite Opinions on Clothesline Drying
B．A Way to Save Energy and Money
C．Different Varieties of Clotheslines
D．A Lost Art to Be Discovered
B
Being perfect is something many of us want and try to achieve.It makes us feel we’re correct and that our hard work has paid off.However，as much as perfection and being perfect is not all a perfect thing.
Perfection is all about being without mistakes and criticism.Wanting or trying to be perfect can make it hard to admit a mistake.Nevertheless，it is important to own_up_to mistakes and work to fix them.Not being able to take criticism and fix mistakes is arrogance，not perfection.
Perfection is a double-edged sword.In our lives，we want perfection.Perfection holds us accountable; it’s the mistakes and imperfection that keeps pushing us harder and further at what we do.It’s the perfect motivator.But it’s also the perfect killer.For example，the movie “Black Swan” showcased how perfection can kill us.Working and training and stress hurt our body，mind，and so much more that we can’t do it any more.
But perfection can also have the opposite effect.The movie “High Strung” showed that perfection doesn’t exist，but practicing and pushing ourselves can bring us great rewards.In “Black Swan”，the main character tried to be perfect but he also compared himself to someone else who he thought was better than him.This added more pressure and self-doubt，which can cause unhealthy ways of achieving perfection.The main character of “Black Swan” didn’t know when to stop，whereas the main character of “High Strung” did，or at least didn’t focus so much on the comparison，and instead focused on the competition and the ones she cared about.
Perfection is something we can’t live without and can’t live with.The only way to keep the sword from cutting us is if we know when to stop.Some days are going to be good days and others will be bad.We have to take whatever day it is—perfect or imperfect—and hope that’s enough.
5．What does the underlined phrase “own up to” mean in paragraph 2
A．Make. B．Avoid.
C．Correct. D．Acknowledge.
6．What prevents the character in “Black Swan” from going further
A．Comparison. B．Self-doubt.
C．Pressure. D．Competition.
7．What does the author advise us to do while trying to be perfect
A．Try not to make mistakes.
B．Push ourselves harder.
C．Stop before going too far.
D．Prove our ability to others.
8．What could be the best structure of the passage (P＝paragraph)
C
(2022·广东梅州一模)
It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt.
—Mark Twain
You can have something extremely smart，useful or funny to say，but if you say it at an improper time，you could make yourself look foolish.
Throughout history many famous，noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain’s words to heart.These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent.Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so.All leaders must choose their words carefully，picking the right time to speak，so that their words can have the greatest impact.
If you learn to develop this skill of knowing when to hold your tongue，you will also become wise，even if people think you are not.Some people，in fact，will underestimate you because they do not know what you are thinking all the time.This can give you an advantage in many situations.When people underestimate you，they do not focus on you，leaving you to make and perform plans without being noticed.
If you think before you speak，you can also improve your listening skills，which is a very important and useful skill to have.Listening is another key trait(特征) for a leader to have，and it is harder to achieve than many people think.First，you have to be quiet，and then you have to listen attentively，with all your attention on what the person is saying to be a good listener.When you learn to stop and think before you speak and when you learn to become a good listener you will be well on your way to becoming a good leader.By being able to listen to the people that work with you and for you，you will be able to make informed decisions.
9．The quotation(引言) from Mark Twain functions as ________.
A．an example B．a thread
C．a comparison D．a model
10．The author takes the example of many famous，noteworthy people to express that ________.
A．influential people are able to express themselves freely
B．many important people didn’t take Mark Twain’s words seriously
C．leaders should attach great importance to when，how and what to say
D．the public will not understand them if famous，noteworthy people keep silent
11．According to the passage，what are the advantages of developing the skills of holding your tongue
①You could be underestimated by others.
②People often think highly of you.
③You can polish up listening skills.
④You will improve your relationship with others.
A．①② B．①③ C．③④ D．②④
12．Which of the following is the best title
A．He That Talks Much Errs Much
B．Facts Speak Louder than Words
C．Even Homer Sometimes Nods
D．A Still Tongue Makes a Wise Head
参考答案
一、应用文
1．B [推理判断题。根据New Orleans一节中的第二句及Chicago一节中的第一、二句可推断，爵士及布鲁斯音乐的起源很相似：都是源于美国。故选B。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据Memphis一节中的第二句可知，摇滚乐是在20世纪中期诞生的。故选D。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据New York City一节中的第二句可知，哈莱姆区和皇后区以嘻哈文化而著名。故选C。]
4．B [细节理解题。从首段第二句可知，科学教育玩具的最大优势是将玩和学联系起来，即激发孩子的学习欲望。故选B。]
5．B [细节理解题。根据Mini Terra Kit部分的前三句可知，Mini Terra Kit这个玩具可以让孩子接触自然世界。因此适合喜欢植物的孩子。故选B。]
6．D [细节理解题。根据WeRo Kit部分的第三句可知，WeRo Kit的特别之处在于它涉及编程技能。故选D。]
7．A [细节理解题。根据Holland，Belgium，Paris部分中的最后两句可知，冒险者将在法国探索光明之城。故选A。]
8．D [细节理解题。根据Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee部分中的第二句可知，冒险者将在德国骑自行车穿过黑森林。故选D。]
9．B [细节理解题。根据Holland，Belgium，Paris部分中的第三句“...Dutch and Belgian towns and cross the border into France.”及Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee部分中的第二句“...follow Germany’s outstanding network of bike paths...”及最后一段前两句中的the Austrian Alps、Bella Italia可知，冒险者穿过荷兰、比利时、法国、德国、奥地利及意大利，共6个国家。故选B。]
二、记叙文
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。福岛的两个当地居民甘愿留在核泄漏的禁区里照料被遗弃的动物，虽然其家人不赞同这样做，但他们决定无论如何也要跟这些动物待在一起。
1．A [词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，这两个人照顾留在核污染区的许多动物，所以画线部分指代的是动物。故选A。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Kato不仅照顾自己的猫，还照顾领养的狗，确保它们一生都过得舒适，这说明他是一个有爱心的人。故选B。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段最后一句可知，Naoto Matsumura照顾着几十只猫、狗等动物。故选C。]
4．D [推理判断题。根据第二段和最后一段可知，辐射区对人是有危害的，但这两个人依然待在里面照顾各种动物。家人和朋友希望他们离开，但他们依然不顾自身安危决定留下来。故选D。]
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Zara Rutherford成功实现了她成为最年轻的完成单人环球飞行的女性的梦想以及她在旅程中遇到的一些挑战。
5．A [词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，Rutherford不仅打破了吉尼斯世界纪录，还将目前最年轻的男性纪录保持者Travis Ludlow和前女性纪录保持者之间的性别差距缩小了11岁。Ludlow创造世界纪录时只有18岁，而之前的女性纪录保持者Shaesta Waez在完成“梦想翱翔”环球飞行时已经30岁。故画线词的意思是“缩小”。故选A。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Rutherford要在诺姆停留是因为她的俄罗斯签证到期了。故选B。]
7．D [推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，第四段的目的是增加Rutherford的一些背景信息。故选D。]
8．B [推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段最后一句并结合文章主要内容可推知，文章想表达“梦想远大，目标远大”的思想。故选B。]
语篇解读 文章为一篇记叙文。主要围绕作者和邻居的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的信件乌龙事件。
9．A [推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和第四段第一、二句可知，那位男子不相信作者的解释，选择了报警。故选A。]
10．B [细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四、五句可知，警察在上门调查时撞见并目睹了那只狗取信件和放信件的全过程，由此发现了真相，故选B。]
11．A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，这只狗受过训练会取放信件。在邮递员去世后，它依旧履行职责，可见它是一只训练有素且忠诚的狗，故选A。]
12．C [标题归纳题。文章主要围绕作者和邻居因为一封信件而产生的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的信件投递乌龙事件。中心主要围绕送信一事，故选C。]
三、议论文
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。一条简单的晾衣绳引起了一些环保的美国人和他们的邻居之间的争议，有些人反对在室外晾晒衣服，他们认为晾衣绳看起来很难看，且会降低房屋价值，环保人士则认为晾衣绳很环保且美观。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，干衣机的支持者们正试图阻止晾衣绳，因为晾衣绳降低了房屋价值。故选C。]
2．D [推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和倒数第二句可推知，Matt Reck是一个有社会责任感的人。故选D。]
3．B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句以及最后一段可知，环保人士最有可能支持晾衣绳。故选B。]
4．A [标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合文章的主要内容可知，文章讲述了一条简单的晾衣绳引起了一些环保的美国人和他们的邻居之间的争议。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。故选A。]
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述完美是我们很多人都想要并努力实现的，然而，完美并不是没有错误和缺点，它是一把双刃剑。
5．D [词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Not being able to take criticism and fix mistakes is arrogance，not perfection.”以及画线词后面“mistakes and work to fix them”可知，不能接受批评和纠正错误是傲慢，而不是完美，所以承认错误并努力改正是很重要的。故画线短语意思是“承认”。故选D。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第四段中“In ‘Black Swan’， the main character tried to be perfect but he also compared himself to someone else who he thought was better than him.This added more pressure and self-doubt，which can cause unhealthy ways of achieving perfection.”可知，是比较阻止了《黑天鹅》中的角色走得更远。故选A。]
7．C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The only way to keep the sword from cutting us is if we know when to stop.”可知，作者建议我们在追求完美的同时，不要走得太远。故选C。]
8．C [篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总起全文，引出关于“完美”的话题；第二段中“Perfection is all about being without mistakes and criticism.”为第一个论点；第三段和第四段指出完美是一把双刃剑，为第二个论点；最后第五段对全文进行总结。由此可推知，C选项最符合文章结构。]
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了保持沉默的重要性。
9．B [写作手法题。文章开篇引用马克·吐温的话，结合正文第二段的“Throughout history many famous...keep silent.”可推断，马克·吐温的话被用来作为线索引出文章的主题：沉默是金。故选B。]
10．C [写作意图题。根据第二段内容可推断，作者举许多名人的例子是想要说明：作为领导，更应该重视何时、何地以及以何种方式说话，这样他们的话才能产生更大的影响。故选C。]
11．B [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Some people，in fact，will underestimate...without being noticed.”和第四段第一句可知，保持沉默可以让别人低估你的能力，这样你可以集中精力制定和执行你的计划，而不被人关注。其次，保持沉默还可以提高你的倾听能力。故选B。]
12．D [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章论述了保持沉默的重要性。A项“言多必失”；B项“事实胜于雄辩”；C项“智者千虑，必有一失”；D项“寡言者智”。故选D。]