人教版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit2 Healthy Lifestyle 词汇-情景破（含解析）

Unit2 词汇-情景破
知识点1 in response to回答；答复
Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue.（教材P14）其次，有一个“惯例”，即你对提示作出的有规律的反应。
情景导学
With the help of his teammate, the operator made a quick response to the event.
在他的队友的帮助下，这个操作员对事件作出了快速的反应。
During the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia disease, China rose up to the challenge and responded to it bravely.
在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间，中国迎难而上，勇敢应对此次挑战。
归纳拓展
make a response ________ 对……作出回应
make no response没有回应
respond v.回答；作出反应
________ 回答，回复；对…作出反应
链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1（2019天津，完形填空，★★）This one stranger responded beautifully ________ my small crisis, but she actually wasn’t the only one.
1-2（2018北京，七选五，★★）Not everyone acts the same ________ response to events…
1-3（2018江苏，阅读理解D改编，★★）Youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not ________ (response) to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
1-4（2016北京，阅读理解D改编，★★★）The tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to ________ (control) by their elders.
知识点2 reward n.回报；奖励；报酬w奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.（教材P14）第三，有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好的东西或好的感觉。
情景导学
The soldier received a medal in reward for his bravery in fighting the forest fire that broke out in Liangshan, Sichuan Province.
这名战士因在爆发于四川凉山的森林大火中的英勇表现而获得一枚奖章。
The company gave/offered a reward to him for his positive attitude.
公司因他积极的态度给予了他奖励。
The boss rewarded him with a trip to China for his contributions.
因为他的贡献老板奖励他一次去中国的旅行。
易混辨析
reward 多指回报、报酬；动词表示“报答，酬谢”
prize 多指在比赛、竞赛或抽奖中获得的奖
award 多指颁发的奖品、奖项；动词表示“授予，颁发”
归纳拓展
in reward（________...）作为（对……的）回报
as a reward（for.）作为（对…的）回报/酬谢/报答
give/offer a reward to sb. ________ sth.因某事而给某人奖励
reward sb.（________ sth.）（________ sth.）（因某事而）奖励某人（某物）
rewarding adj.有益的，值得做的
单句语法填空
2-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★）If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded ________ seven drops of water or juice…
2-2（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D改编，★★）The three monkeys were trained to associate different symbols with 0-25 drops of water or juice ________ a reward.
2-3（2018北京，3，★★）Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and ________ (reward) experience.
2-4（2018课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解B，★★）For many who made it to Dawson, however, the ________ (reward) were worth the difficult trip.
2-5（2016江苏，阅读理解B改编，★★）Another reason is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children ________ (reward).
2-6（2016北京，30，★★）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.
知识点3 rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.（教材Pl5）奖励使我们更有可能继续这样的循环，依赖不健康的小吃的坏习惯就形成了。
情景导学
You may rely on it that she can earn her living.
你可以放心，她可以自食其力。
Farmers can rely on/upon ducks to protect crops because one duck can eat 200 locusts in a day.
农民可以依靠鸭子来保护庄稼，因为一只鸭子每天可以吃掉200只蝗虫。
Facial expressions are not reliable and cannot be used to reliably convey emotions in cross-cultural situations.
面部表情是不可靠的，在跨文化的情况下不能被用来可靠地表达情感。
归纳拓展
rely on/upon sb. ________ sth.信赖/依靠某人做某事
rely on ________ that…相信……，指望……
________ adj.可靠的，可信任的
________ adv.可依赖地，可信任地
完成句子
3-1（2019北京，完形填空，★★）有些学生没有一辆可靠的汽车，而其他人不得不与一周工作6天的父母共用车辆。
Some students don’t have ________ ________ ________, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
单句语法填空
3-2（2017课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D改编，★★）Driving gives them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely ________ others.
3-3（2016浙江，6，★）That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he’s ________ (rely).
3-4（★）Around the 1960s, the courses of some water sources it ________ (rely) upon were diverted（使绕道）.
知识点4 make up one’s mind下定决心
We need to make up our minds and show some discipline, and make small changes over time.（教材P16）我们需要下定决心，显示出一些自制力，随着时间的推移做出小的改变。
情景导学
She made up her mind to pass down the traditional Beijing Opera.
她下定决心将传统的京剧传承下去。
Mary is simple-minded and it's easy to read her mind.
玛丽头脑简单，看出她的心思很容易。
So stubborn is the old man that he won’t change his mind whatever you say.
这个老人很固执，不管你说什么他都不会改变主意的。
If you bear/keep something in mind, that means you remember it.
如果你把某件事记在心里，意思是你记住了它。
应归纳拓展
bear/keep sth. ________mind记住……
make up one’s mind ________ sth.下定决心做某事
read one’s mind ________
change one’s mind ________
单句语法填空
4-1（2019课标全国Ⅱ，七选五，★★）You must keep these points ________ mind while setting your goals.
4-2（2017浙江，阅读理解A，★★）Williams two books helped Benjamin to make up his mind ________ (be) a painter.
4-3（2016浙江，完形填空，★★）I made ________ my mind I would find out what was good in my present situation…
完成句子
4-4（2019天津，1，★★）——我猜你想去打网球。
——你猜中了我的心思。那也正是我在想的事情。
—I guess you want to go play tennis.
—You ________ ________ ________. That’s exactly what I was thinking too.
知识点5 disturb vi.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night.（教材P17）昨晚用大声的音乐打扰你的邻居是不礼貌的。
情景导学
People were disturbed about the lack of epidemic prevention materials in the USA，which was really disturbing, and the problem disturbed nearly every American.
人们对美国防疫物资的缺乏感到不安，这的确令人不安，并且这个问题几乎令每个美国人都感到不安。
易混辨析
disturb 指在别人专心做某件事情或休息时打扰对方
interrupt 指打断别人的交谈或正在进行的事情
bother 指麻烦、拜托别人去做对方可能不乐意做的事情
归纳拓展
disturb sb. with sth.用某事打扰某人
________ adj.引起烦恼的，令人不安的
________ adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的
be disturbed ________ sth.因……而感到心神不安
disturbance n.干扰；骚乱
单句语法填空
5-1（2019课标全国I，完形填空，★★）However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of ________ (disturb) reports of camps among tons of rubbish.
5-2（2018江苏，阅读理解C，★★）If you want ________ (disturb) the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars…
5-3（★★）Neighbors should do all they can to avoid ________ (disturb) other people, but there are times when some level of ________ (disturb) is unavoidable.
翻译句子
5-4（2017课标全国Ⅱ，七选五，★★★）If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint（暗示）that when the door is closed，you're not to be disturbed.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
知识点6 stress out焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games.（教材P20）开始高中生活后，我感到焦虑不安，总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松。
情景导学
I think I’ve got one of the most stressful jobs there is.
我想我找到了一个压力最大的工作。
He looked like he was under a lot of stress the last time we met.
我们上次见面时，他看起来压力很大。
When we get stressed, we tend to breathe more quickly.
当我们变得焦虑不安时，我们往往会呼吸得更快。
归纳拓展
stress n.压力；紧张；重音；强调
________ stress在压力下
lay stress on注重，重视；把重点放在
________ adj.（事物）压力重的，紧张的
________ adj.（人）焦虑不安的
be stressed out感到紧张的；有压力的
单句语法填空
6-1（2016课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，★★）If you feel ________ (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify（识别）those of greatness and less importance.
6-2（★）People learn better about positive than negative outcomes ________ stress.
6-3（★★）Workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less ________ (stress) and more satisfying.
翻译句子
6-4（2019课标全国I，七选五，★★）It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure…
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
知识点7 worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
Playing was fun, but I felt even more worn out afterwards！（教材P20）
玩儿是有趣的，但后来我觉得甚至更累了！
情景导学
If you treat your coat so roughly, it will be worn out soon.
如果你这样粗暴地对待你的外套，它很快就会穿坏的。
It is said that the cloth wears well, so it sells very well.
据说这种布耐穿，所以很畅销。
Some kids complained that the online classes have totally worn them out.
些孩子抱怨说，网络课程已经完全把他们累坏了。
归纳拓展
wear vt.&ⅵ.穿，戴；磨损；留，蓄；面露；耐用
wear ________用坏，穿破；磨损
swear sb. out________; 使厌烦
wear________ 耐用，耐穿，耐磨
wear a long face拉长脸
wear a beard留胡须
单句语法填空
7-1（2018江苏，完形填空，★★★）Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes ________ (wear) to a thread, but we were alive.
7-2（★）In our modern world, when something ________ (wear) out, we throw it away and buy a new one.
7-3（★★）Yet, our cells might wear ________, and as a result, we get old and eventually die.
完成句子
7-4（★）The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were ________ ________（筋疲力尽）.
7-5（★）________ ________ ________ ________ ________（如果锻炼让你筋疲力尽）, how can it be good for you
知识点8 absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收
Absorbing stress effectively, however, you must be sure to do something that completely takes your mind off everything else.（教材P22）然而，有效地吸收压力，你必须确保做一些完全把你的注意力从一切其他事情上转移开的
事情。
情景导学
When absorbed in his work, he’d forget everything else.
当他全神贯注于工作时，他会忘记一切其他的事情。
With so much noise outside, I can’t absorb myself in my study.
外面这么吵，我无法专心学习。
If you drink on a full stomach, alcohol absorption is slow.
如果你在饱腹的情况下喝酒，酒精的吸收会很慢。
归纳拓展
absorb ________ in某人全神贯注于/专注于
absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
absorbed adj全神贯注的
(be) absorbed ________全神贯注于
________ n.吸收；全神贯注
表示“全神贯注于”的短语还有：
be lost in全神贯注于；沉浸于
be buried in埋头于；专心于
be occupied in忙于
单句语法填空
8-1（2019课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D，★★）These kids are so absorbed ________ their studies that I just sit back.
8-2（2018课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★）We both became ________ (absorb) in the simplicity of playing together.
8-3（★★）________ (absorb) in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
8-4（★★）Both scattering and ________ (absorb) make an object look different from other objects around it so you can it easily.
翻译句子
8-5（2019课标全国I，七选五，★★）It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for our skin to absorb a day’s worth of vitamin D.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
知识点1
to ④ respond to
1-1 to考查介词。句意：这个陌生人对我的小危机作了一个很漂亮的回应，但实际上她并不是唯一这样做的。respond to对…作出反应。
1-2 in考查介词。句意：不是每个人对事件的反应都是一样的……。in response to对……作出回应。
1-3 respond考查词性转换。句意：年轻人觉得如果他们没有快速地、夜以继日地回复社交媒体的帖子，他们的友谊可能会受到威胁。句中缺少谓语，所以填response的动词形式 respond。
1-4 being controlled考查非谓语动词。句意：大学监控和塑造学生行为的趋势与年轻人的另一个特征——对被长辈控制的反应相冲突。设空处前的to是介词，因此应用动名词作宾语，再根据句意判断用动名词的被动形式。
知识点2
for ③for ④with；for
2-1 with考查固定搭配。句意：如果猴子触碰屏幕的左侧，它们将被奖励7滴水或果汁……。be rewarded with...被奖励……
2-2 as考查固定搭配。句意：这三只猴子被训练将不同的符号与0~25滴水或果汁联系起来作为奖励。as a reward作为奖励。
2-3 rewarding考查词性转换。句意：沿古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有益的经历。分析句子可知设空处和空前的 Interesting并列，此处应填形容词rewarding，意为“有益的”。
2-4 rewards考查名词复数。句意：然而，对于许多到达道森的人来说，这次艰难的旅行是值得的。根据空前的the和空后的were可知此处应用名词复数。
2-5 are rewarded考查时态和语态。句意：另一个原因是，如果孩子得到了奖励，他们的帮助行为并没有得到改善。the children与 reward之间是被动关系，且由句子语境可知此处应用一般现在时，故填are rewarded。
2-6 will be rewarded考查动词时态和语态。句意学生们一直都很努力地学习功课，最终回报他们的努力的将是成功。their efforts与 reward之间为被动关系，and前的分句为现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并且还可能持续下去，结合后一分句中的 in the end可知应用一般将来时的被动语态。
知识点3
to do ②it ③reliable ④reliably
3-1 a reliable car
3-2on/upon考查介词。句意：开车给了他们外出和四处走动的自由，而不必依赖他人。rely on/upon依赖，依靠。
3-3 reliable考查形容词。句意：那个年轻人诚实乐意合作，当你需要他的帮助时，他总是在你身边。简而言之，他是可靠的。设空处作表语，应用形容词reliable，意为“可靠的，可信任的”。
3-4 relied考查动词时态。句意：大约在20世纪60年代，它所依赖的一些水源被改道了。根据时间状语Around the1960s可知应用一般过去时。故填 relied。
知识点4
in ②to do ③看出某人的心思 ④某人改变主意
4-1 in考查介词。句意：当你设定你的目标的时候，你必须记住这些要点。固定短语：keep sth.in mind记住。
4-2 to be考查固定搭配。句意：Williams的两本书帮助 Benjamin下定决心成为一名画家。make up one’s mind to do sth.下定决心做某事。
4-3 up考查固定搭配。句意：我下定决心，我要找出在我目前的情况下什么是好的……。make up one’s mind下定决心。
4-4 read my mind
知识点5
disturbing ③disturbed ④about
5-1 disturbing考查词性转换。句意：然而，自从那些天的关于被大量垃圾包围的营地的让人不安的报道以来，我不久就发现发生了很大的变化。设空处修饰其后的名词 reports，结合句意应填形容词disturbing，意为“令人不安的”。
5-2 to disturb考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你想扰乱汽车行业，你最好有几十亿美元……。want to do sth想要做某事。
5-3 disturbing; disturbance考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：邻居应该尽其所能避免打扰他人，但有些时候，某种程度上的干扰是不可避免的。avoid doing sth.避免做某事，故第一空应填 disturbing。第二空应填名词 disturbance，作介词of的宾语，意为“干扰”。
5-4 如果有人敲门，而且不是重要的事情，那就给自己找个借口，让那个人知道你很忙，这样他们就能明白你的暗示，即当门是关着的时候，你不能被打扰。
知识点6
under ④stressful ⑤stressed
6-1 stressed考查形容词。句意：如果你因为工作上的责任而感到焦虑不安，你应该退一步，识别出那些重大的和不那么重要的事情。此处指人感到焦虑不安，故填 stressed。
6-2 under考查介词。句意：人们在压力下更好地认识到积极的结果，而不是消极的结果。under stress在压力下。
6-3 stressful考查形容词。句意：在办公室能接触到大自然的员工，即使是简单的树木和鲜花的景色，也会觉得他们的工作压力更小，更令人满意。此处修饰jobs，指事物是有压力的，故填 stressful。
6-4事实证明，只是看绿色的、生长着的东西就可以减轻压力，降低血压…
知识点7
out ③使筋疲力尽 ④well
7-1 worn考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的头发被晒坏了并开始脱落，指甲破裂，衣衫破烂不堪，但我们还活着。wear和 clothes之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，此处过去分词短语作的是后置定语。
7-2 wears考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在我们现代社会，当某样东西用坏了，我们就把它扔掉，再买一个新的。根据句中的 throw和buy判断用一般现在时，主语为 something，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式wears。
7-3 out考查副词。句意：然而，我们的细胞可能会磨损，结果，我们变老，最终死亡。wear out用坏，磨损。
7-4 worn out
7-5 If exercise wears you out
知识点8
oneself ④in ⑤absorption
8-1 in考查介词。句意：这些孩子如此全神贯注地学习，以至于我只好在一旁闲着。be absorbed in全神贯注于。
8-2 absorbed考查形容词。句意：我们两个都全神贯注于一起玩耍的简单中。be/become absorbed in全神贯注于，故填 absorbed。
8-3 absorbed考查过去分词作状语。句意：由于在全神贯注地画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临了。be absorbed in全神贯注于，作状语时去掉be动词，故填absorbed。
8-4 absorption考查名词。句意：散射和吸收都使一个物体看起来不同于它周围的其他物体，所以你可以很容易地看到它。Both…and…在句中连接两个并列主语，根据 scattering可知设空处应该用名词形式。
8-5防晒霜开始起作用大约需要15分钟，那段时间足够你的皮肤吸收可维持一天的维生素D。
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