Unit2 语法-精讲破
动词不定式作主语
【观察】
To see is to believe眼见为实。
To lose your heart means failure.
= It means failure to lose your heart.灰心意味着失败。
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
Reading is my hobby, which nearly takes up all my spare time.
阅读是我的爱好,它几乎占了我所有的业余时间。
It is a doctor’s duty to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.
救死扶伤是医生的职责。
It is impossible to rely on your parent your life.
你一辈子都依赖你的父母是不可能的。
It is important for her to build up the little boys confidence.
对她来说树立起这个小男孩的自信是非常重要的。
It is impolite of you to disturb others你打扰他人是不礼貌的。
It seems impossible to persuade Jane to change her mind.
说服简改变主意似乎是不可能的。
It takes us nine years to build the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao bridge.
建造港珠澳大桥花费了我们9年的时间。
It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.
他们很少想到要出去走走,花点时间看看他们周围的东西。
【归纳】
(1)动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别: ① 作主语特指一次性的、具体的动作; ② 作主语泛指一般的或习惯性的动作。且作主语和表语的不定式或动名词需保持一致。
(2)不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用 ③ 形式。
(3)动词不定式短语作主语时,常用 ④ 作形式主语,真正的主语置于后面。结构为“It is+adj./n.+( \ sb.)to do sth.”。
(4)如果表语是说明不定式的逻辑主语的性质、身份、特征的形容词,如 careless、clever、good、kind、foolish、honest、lazy、nice、silly、wise等,不定式的逻辑主语需由 引出。如果表语是表示事物客观情况的形容词,如 difficult、easy,hard、Important、impossible等,则由 ⑧ 引出不定式的逻辑主语。
(5)固定句型:It doesn’t matter that/what…从句/ takes sb. some time to do sth.\ occurred to sb. to do sth.等。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.(2019天津,阅读理解D,★)Then we will know how important ________ is to have meaning in our life.
2.(2019北京,七选五,★)It’s not a simple matter ________ (determine) the nature of talent.
3.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D,★)Adults understand what ________ feels like to be flooded with objects.
4.(2018浙江11月,七选五,★)Think of how long it ________ (take) to listen to one of those messages.
5.(2018天津,完形填空,★★)It was a tradition ________ the school’s old team to play against the new team at the end of spring practice.
同义句转换
6.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,七选五,★)With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.
→ With such busy lives, ________ ________ ________ ________ the time to work out can be hard.
7.(2018课标全国1,七选五,★)It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces too many small color pieces.
→________ ________ is not really a good idea.
完成句子
8.(2018北京,阅读理解D,★)很难预测无人驾驶汽车什么时候会在我们的道路上随处可见。
________ ________ ________ ________ when driverless cars will be everywhere on our road.
9.(2018天津,8,★★)获得成为一名优秀舞者所需要的技能花了他很长时间。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
参考答案:
不定式②动名词③单数④it⑤for⑥of⑦of⑧ for It It
1. it考查ⅱ作形式主语。句意:然后我们就会知道在我们的生活中有意义是多么重要。分析句子结构可知,句中的不定式短语是从句真正的主语,所以此处用it作形式主语。
2. to determine考查不定式。句意:确定人才的类别不是一件简单的事情。句中It作形式主语,此处应用不定式作真正的主语。
3. it考查t作形式主语。句意:成年人理解堆满了许多物品的感觉。宾语从句中不定式是真正的主语,此处应该填it作形式主语。
4. takes考查固定句型。句意:想想听那些信息中的条需要花费多长时间。固定句型:It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
5. for考查介词。句意:学校的老队在春季训练结束时与新队比赛是一个传统。本句含有“It is+n.+for sb.to do sth.”句型,该句中不定式的逻辑主语应该由for引出。
6. to try and find
7. To use
8. It’s hard to predict
9. It took him a long time
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