人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit2 Healthy Lifestyle词汇精讲课堂课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新人教 单元：选择性必修三 Unit 2
重难点词
compose
辨析义
negative
一词多义
一词多义
absorb
反义词
reward
一词多义
截短词
rely on
搭配义
英语释义
skip
一词多义
mind
搭配义
[C] & [U] 报答；报酬；奖赏 sth that you are given because you have done sth good, worked hard, etc.：
My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward. 2012 浙江改
This job is difficult, but the financial rewards are great.
The school has a system of rewards and punishments to encourage good behaviour.
[C] 悬赏金；赏金：
The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her!
reward n
reward 一指因工作、贡献等而得到的“回报”“报酬”。二指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回失物而得到的“赏金”。
We should not hope to get rewards without hard work.
A $100 reward has been offered for the return of the backpack.
award 指因某种突出的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉，可以是“奖（品）”“奖状”“奖金”等。
award 比 reward 更正式，to officially give sb a prize or money。
He won the Housing Design Award for the year 2011.
prize 指因在某方面做出巨大的贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获得的“奖赏”“奖品”。
the Nobel Prize for Physics / Medicine / Peace
She won first prize at the speech contest.
reward, award, prize 辨析
vt
[常用于被动语态] 报答；酬劳；奖赏：
The police will reward whoever provides useful information to catch the robber. 2014 湖北
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 2016 北京
词汇拓展
rewarding adj 有益的；有意义的；报酬高的：
When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. 2012 安徽
reward语义网络图
reward
给予；赠给
（基本义）
对他人的付出或牺牲给予回报、补偿或奖励
自己的付出得到肯定、回报、补偿或奖励
悬赏金；奖金
报答；报酬；奖赏
报答；酬劳；奖赏
抽象
具体
n
v
为“鼓励”他人付出而给予的回报或奖金
rely
翻译句子
1.万物靠太阳生长。
____________________________________________
2. 与其求人,不如求己。
____________________________________________
All living things depend on / upon the sun for their growth.
It would be better to depend on ourselves than on others.
rely on / upon
rely on
rely vi
rely on / upon
依靠 to depend on sb / sth：
You shouldn’t always rely just on the Internet for your research. 2015 湖南
rely on / upon … to do sth:
These days, we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
信任 to trust or have faith in sb / sth：
rely on / upon … to do sth:
I can rely on David to keep my secret.
词汇拓展
reliable adj 可信赖的；可靠的 (positive)：
a reliable product
Tom is clever while Jack is honest and reliable.
negative
2020年10月2日，美国总统特朗普在社交媒体上称，他和夫人梅拉尼娅新冠病毒检测结果均呈阳性（positive），将马上进入隔离和康复程序。
随后，美国民主党总统候选人乔·拜登表示，他的新冠病毒检测结果呈阴性（negative）。
negative 的词源义和基本义是“否定的”
negative adj
否定的：
a negative sentence / reply
I have a negative opinion on the value of this idea while others are positive about it.
负面的；消极的 反 positive：
In my opinion, the Internet has negative effects on our lives.
A negative attitude will never give you a positive life.
（电 / 数字）负的；（医）阴性的 反 positive：
a negative number / charge / trade balance
negative 词源解读
negative 语义网络图
回答“否定的”
想法等“否定的”
电、数字、医学检测结果等“否定的”
否定的
负面的；消极的
（电 / 数字）负的；（医）阴性的
否定的
基本义
negative
mind n
[C] & [U] 头脑；大脑：
A good idea formed in his mind.
There were all kinds of thoughts running through my mind.
[C] 思考方式；思维；心智：
He had the body of a man and the mind of a child.
His mind is as sharp as ever.
[C] 心思；注意力：
Don’t let your mind wander!
Keep your mind on your work!
[C] 富有才智的人：
Great minds think alike.
【常用搭配】
be of the same mind 意见相同；保持原来的意见：
We are all of the same mind about this issue.
bear / keep … in mind 将……记在心中；记起 (bear / keep in mind that)：
It’s a good idea — I’ll bear it in mind.
Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 2008 全国
change one’s mind 改变主意：
When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I have changed my mind. 2013 全国
come into one’s mind 掠过 / 进入某人的脑海：
Suddenly a terrible thought came into my mind.
make up one’s mind 拿定主意；下定决心：
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
He has made up his mind to overcome his shortcomings.
on sb’s mind 在某人心上：
There are many problems on his mind.
compose
高考链接
根据所给汉语提示填空。
1. Eight towers ____________________（组成）this hotel that offers over 300 rooms.（2010 全国）
2. Life in the town of Tivaton ________________________________________（由……组成）both good news and bad news.（2016 上海）
make up
is made up of / is comprised of / consists of
comprise, compose 是正式用语
compose
is composed of
compose词源解读
compose由com- (together, with) + poser (to place) 构成，词源义 / 基本义是“放在一起” 。
compose v
vt [不用于进行时][正式用语] 构成；组成 (make up)：
England, scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.
vt & vi 创作（乐曲、诗歌等）；vt 撰写：
Mozart composed his last opera shortly before his death.
compose a speech
be composed of 由……组成 / 构成:
What is water composed of
放在一起
（基本义）
compose
构成；组成
创作（乐曲、诗歌等）；撰写
作品
“放在一起”
事物
“放在一起”
compose 语义网络图
skip v
vi 跳；跳过：
skip over the fence
She watched her little granddaughter skip down the path.
vi & vt 跳（绳）(AmE jump rope)：
vi & vt 略过；遗漏 to miss the next thing that you would normally read, do, etc.：
I skipped over the last part of the book.
skip 的词源义和基本义是“跳（过）” (spring lightly, jump over)。
skip 词源解读
vt［非正式用语］不做（应做的事等）；不参加 to not do sth that you usually do or should do (miss)：
If you skip meals, you don’t get enough calories, and then you feel tired.
She decided to skip the afternoon’s class.
skip a grade 跳级
n [C] 蹦跳
skip 语义网络图
skip
跳（过）
基本义
“跳”绳子
“跳过”应做的事等
进行“跳”的动作
不做（应做的事等）；不参加
跳；跳过
跳（绳）
“跳过”要读的部分等
略过；遗漏
to absorb the impact
absorb
absorb 词源解读
absorb的词源义是“suck in”（吸吮；吸收），基本义为“吸收”
absorb vt
吸收 to take in and hold sth (a liquid, heat, etc.)：
A transparent object doesn’t absorb light. 2015 北京改
One hectare of forest can absorb 23 tons of carbon dioxide per year.
吸纳 to take sth into sth larger, so that it becomes part of it：
Service work absorbed a great number of women who arrived in the cities from the country.
理解；掌握 to take sth into the mind and learn or understand it (take in)：
absorb new knowledge / information
I’ve just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me.
吸引；使专心 to interest sb so much that they don’t pay attention to other things：
This work has absorbed him for years.
缓冲：
Well-designed sports shoes should absorb the impact on your feet.
“吸收”某物
“吸收”个体成为集体的一部分
“吸收”知识、信息等并掌握
“吸收”某人的注意力、兴趣等
“吸收”冲击力以缓冲
吸收
吸纳
理解；掌握
吸引；使专心
缓冲
absorb 语义网络图
吸收
（基本义）
词汇拓展
absorbed adj 专心致志的；全神贯注的：
When something did interest me, I could become absorbed. 2016 北京
(be) absorbed in:
When deeply absorbed in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping. 2012 北京改
反义词
说出下列单词的反义词和汉语释义。
1. positive → ___________ _________________________________
2. optimistic → ___________ _________________________________
3. punish → __________ _________________________________
4. proud → _____________ _________________________________
5. tight → __________ _________________________________
6. objective → __________ _________________________________
7. major → _________ _________________________________
8. simple → _________ _________________________________
9. increase → __________________ _________________________________
10. abstract → _________ _________________________________
negative
pessimistic
reward
humble / modest
loose
subjective
minor
complex
decrease / reduce
学习词汇时，除了借助近义词来建立新旧知识联系，也可以通过反义词来帮助学习和理解词汇。近义词与反义词是建立词汇网络最基本的两种途径。
否定的 / 负面的 / 消极的 / 阴性的
concrete
悲观的 / 悲观主义的
奖赏
谦虚的
宽松的
主观的
次要的
复杂的
减少
具体的
截短词：用适当的单词完成表格。
汉语释义 原词 截短词
广告 ad / advert
流行性感冒 influenza
实验室 laboratory
出租车 taxicab
飞机 aeroplane
狂热爱好者 fanatic
照片 photo
数学 mathematics
地震 quake
冰箱 refrigerator
advertisement
photograph
earthquake
flu
lab
taxi
plane
fan
math / maths
fridge
截短法（clipping）是指将一个较长的单词截短用以构成新词的方法。截取原词的某一部分而将剩余的部分作为新词来使用。主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。截短词中的大多数通常用于非正式或日常的谈话和写作中。
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. You deserve a reward for being so helpful. ___________
2. Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made.
___________
3. A 100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace.
___________
4. She wanted to reward the cleaners for their efforts. ___________
5. Finally, Molly’s patience was rewarded. ___________
奖励
回报
悬赏金
奖赏
reward
得到回报
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. As babies, we rely on others for food. ___________
2. You should rely on your own judgment. ___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. You can rely on me _________ (keep) your secret.
2. I rely on you _________ good advice.
依赖
相信
rely on
to keep
for
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.
___________
2. They received a negative reply. ___________
3. Her pregnancy test（妊娠化验）was negative. ___________
4. This crisis had a negative effect on trade. ___________
消极的
否定的
阴性的
负面的
negative
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Mind and body are closely related. ___________
2. Do you have a clear picture in your mind of what you want
___________
3. He gave his mind to the arrangements for the next day.
___________
4. She was one of the most brilliant minds of the last century.
___________
思想
在你头脑中
mind
认真考虑
富有才智的人
二、写出下列词块的汉语释义。
1. bear / keep … in mind ______________________
2. be of the same mind ______________________
3. change one’s mind ______________________
4. come into one’s mind ______________________
5. make up one’s mind ______________________
6. on sb’s mind ______________________
将……记在心中；记起
意见相同；保持原来的意见
改变主意
掠过 / 进入某人的脑海
拿定主意 / 下定决心
在某人心上
compose
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it.（2013 山东）
____________
2. On the other hand, once a week or so I had to compose the essays of my friend. ____________
3. The sea is mainly composed of water and salt. ____________
4. Five academic schools compose the whole university. ____________
创作
撰写
由……组成
组成 / 构成
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She skipped happily along beside me. ___________
2. She likes to skip rope as a warm-up. ___________
3. I often skip breakfast altogether. ___________
4. You can skip the next chapter if you have covered the topic in the class. ___________
蹦蹦跳跳地走
跳（绳）
不吃早饭
跳过
skip
absorb
一、选出画线词的正确释义。
__________ 1. When condors（秃鹰）eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead（铅）, they absorb large quantities of lead.（2016 北京）
__________ 2. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images（影像）.（2015 广东）
__________ 3. The movement and noise of the machines absorbed him completely.
__________ 4. Jump with your knees bent, so they absorb less impact.
b
a
d
c
a. 理解 b. 吸收 c. 缓冲 d. 吸引
二、将下列句子译成英语。
1. 由于专注于他的工作，他都没听到人们进来。
__________________________________________________
2. 她坐在椅子上专注地看书。
__________________________________________________
Absorbed in his work, he didn’t hear people come in.
She sat on the chair, absorbed in her book.
谢
谢
观
赏