人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit3 Environmental Protection 单元考点突破学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit3 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. starve vt.&vit (使) 挨饿；(使) 饿死
【原句再现】
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died. (教材原句P26)
【词块积累】
starvation n. 挨饿，饿死
be starving for　渴望
starve for 渴望
starve to death 饿死
starving adj.挨饿的，即将饿死的
be starved to death被饿死
be starved of/for ….极需；缺乏
【精品例句】
There is a piece of heartbreaking news report about starving children.
有一则关于饥饿儿童的令人心碎的新闻报道
How can you be indifferent to the sufferings of starving people
你怎能对饥民的疾苦无动于衷呢？
Let's get something to eat，I'm starving.
我们弄点吃的东西吧，我饿坏了
The new job doesn't pay as much but we won't starve!
新工作的工资不多，不过我们不至于挨饿！
A number of the prisoners we saw are starving.
我们看到的一些囚犯快要饿死了。
If you waste any food again，I will starve you.
如果你再浪费粮食，我就让你挨饿。
【高考链接】
On Christmas Day some villagers in America starve _______ death. (陕西卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This organization will hold an event to help the ___ (starve) children in Africa. (starving)
As she feels very lonely，she is starving _____ friendship. (for)
Millions of people will face _____ (starve) as a result of the drought. (starvation)
2. refer to…查阅，参考；涉及，关于；提到，谈起，指的是；提交
【原句再现】
The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short wave radiation. (教材原句P26－27)
【词块积累】
reference n.提及,涉及; 参考; 推荐信;推荐人
in / with reference to关于;根据.而论
refer … to …把…委托给…
refer to...as...把……看作/称为……
【精品例句】
The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.那位科学家在演讲中至少3次提到了全球气候变暖。
My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would refer the matter to his editor.我同事说由于情况非同寻常,他会把这个问题交给他的编辑处理。
In reference to your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 50 yuan each.关于你询问的价格，那部电影的票价是每张50元。
【高考链接】
1. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes. (山东卷)
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on (B)
2. You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . (江西卷)
A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory (B)
3. Here is a memo for your _____ (refer) when you answer the phones. (福建卷) (reference)
4. The word “ business ” also refers _____ an organization that provides goods and services. (全国卷.) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Tom is going to refer the matter _____ the meeting. (to)
Qiao Feng is referred to ______ a big hero. (as)
3. be trapped in 被困在……中
【原句再现】
When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly. (教材原句P27)
【词块积累】
trap sb.into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入……的圈套；使上当
fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进……的陷阱
fall into a trap 掉进陷阱
【精品例句】
If the bus was trapped in the snow，there was virtually no way to evacuate those four kids.
如果公共汽车被困在暴风雪中，那么几乎没有方法使这四个孩子撤离。
He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.
他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。
She was trapped in the burning house.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
【高考链接】
A lot of us fall into the trap of ___________ (find) happiness from the outside world. (青海卷) (finding)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I was trapped into ______ (tell) the police all I knew. (telling)
4. result in 导致；造成
【原句再现】
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long lasting changes to the global climate. (教材原句P27)
【词块积累】
the football results 足球比赛结果
get good results 取得好成绩
as a result 因此
as a result (of) 作为…的结果
result from 由…引起/发生/产生
result in 造成，导致=lead to = bring about
【精品例句】
If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.
如果你相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果
This book is the result of 25 years of research. 这本书是25年的研究成果
Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.
爱丽丝今早上睡过了，结果上班迟到了
About 21million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.
二十世纪九十年代，大约有2100万人死于吸烟
Pollution and other serious problems have resulted from human progress.
人类的发展引起了污染和其它严重问题
I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.
我认识到，叫嚣和威胁惩罚会导致祸端
【高考链接】
Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing too much shopping. (全国卷)
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
My friend Martin was very sick with a stranger fever, ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise
5. restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚
【原句再现】
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. (教材原句P27)
【词块积累】
restrict...to... 把……限制在……
be restricted to ….限于….
restrict sb./oneself to doing sth. 约束……干……
restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；控制
without restriction 毫无限制
【精品例句】
Having small children tends to restrict your freedom.
有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。
The long skirt restricted her movements.
长裙妨碍了她的行动。
Don't restrict her proper activities.
不要限制她的适当的活动。
【高考链接】
The park is open to the public without _______ (restrict)．(河北卷) (restriction)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I restrict ______ (me) to one cup of coffee a day. (myself)
We restrict the number of students per class ______ 10. (to)
6. seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制
【原句再现】
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. (教材原句P27)
【词块积累】
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize...by surprise 突袭……
seize sb.by the arm 抓住某人胳膊
seize on/upon 采用；抓住；利用
【精品例句】
She tried to seize the gun from him.
她试图抢夺他的枪。
The army has seized control of the country.
军队已经控制全国。
This is a joint opportunity that we are wise to seize.
这是我们要明智把握的一个共同机遇。
【高考链接】
The troop seized the city ______ surprise before the enemies realized it. (甘肃卷) (by)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The little boy seized me by ______ arm to beg for some money. (the)
We seize ______ his remark and regard it as a promise. (on)
7. submit vt.&vi. 提交；呈递；屈服；顺从；认为
【原句再现】
According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. (教材原句P28)
【词块积累】
submit sth.to sb. 提交；呈递某物给某人
submit (oneself) to sb./sth. 顺从；屈服
submit that ….提议…；认为….
submissive adj. 服从的；顺从的；恭顺的
submission n. 屈服；呈送；提交
【精品例句】
Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.
完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。
But I cannot submit，I can become my own master.
但我并不会屈服的，我会成为自己的主人的。
Counsel for the defence submitted that the evidence was inadmissible.
被告律师认为这一证据不可采纳。
【高考链接】
He submitted the report on the matter ______ the committee. (福建卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We'll submit _________ (us) to the court's judgment. (ourselves)
I submit ______ the terms are entirely unreasonable. (that)
8. atmosphere n. 大气层; 气体; 空气; 气氛; 环境
【原句再现】
A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate. (教材原句P26)
【词块积累】
a smoky atmosphere 烟雾弥漫的空气
the earth’s atmosphere 地球大气层
an atmosphere of peace and calm. 和平宁静的气氛
【精品例句】
The talk has been conducted in a cordial atmosphere. 会谈在真诚的气氛中进行
He couldn’t bear the atmosphere of the theatre. 他无法忍受戏院里的气氛
The waste the factories create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.
工厂产生的废气进入大气中，导致我们生病
【高考链接】
The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly. (湖北) (A)
A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon
【考点训练】
翻译句子
他的出现使气氛紧张起来(湖北卷)
(His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. )
9. address n.地址，通讯处；演讲；在…上写名字、地址; 处理，解决
【原句再现】
A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that addressed the issues. (教材原句P32)
【词块积累】
an address book. 通讯簿
address a meeting 在会议上发表演说
be addressed to sb. 被寄给….
address an issue 解决/处理问题
【精品例句】
The president gave/delivered an address over the radio.总统作了一个广播演说
Please address the letter for me. 请代为在信写上地址
That letter was addressed to me. 那封信是寄给我的
Mexicans are addressed by the family name of the mother.
墨西哥人是按照母亲的姓氏来称呼的
These scientists were sent to the city to address the issues.
这些科学家被派去处理这些问题
【高考链接】
Fill in the form with your name, home ______ (addressed) and phone number. (江西卷)
(address)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
All these letters are addressed ______ our teacher. (to)
10. doubt n. 怀疑; 疑惑; 疑虑; vt.怀疑
【原句再现】
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
doubtful adj. 怀疑的
doubtless adj. 无疑的
doubt about…怀疑…
dismiss/raise doubts 打消/引起疑虑
no/little/some doubt that…注: 在这个结构中，从属连词that引导同位语从句，说明名词doubt的具体内容，that不可省略
…doubt… (as to) 有疑问以至于…
be in doubt不确定; 拿不准
no doubt无疑; 很可能
without / beyond doubt毫无疑问; 的确
doubt + that从句 怀疑…
doubt +if / whether从句 怀疑/疑惑是否….
【精品例句】
If you are in doubt, you should consult your doctor.
Doubt is the key to knowledge. 怀疑是知识的钥匙
I have no doubt about your ability to do this job well.
我完全相信你有能力做好这份工作
I have no doubt that he will succeed. 我对他会成功毫不怀疑
There is some doubt (as to) whether he will be elected.他能否当选还不太确定
The future of the peace talks is in doubt.和谈前途未卜
No doubt you will have your own ideas. 你很可能会有自己的观点
Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.
收门票无疑会把一些人拒之门外
Without doubt, the number of jobs in information technology will multiply.
毫无疑问，信息技术方面的工作会大大增加
I don't doubt that the gold ring belongs to her我不怀疑那枚金戒指是她的
【高考链接】
There is little/no doubt in your mind _____ he is innocent is there (江苏卷) (that)
There remains a certain ______ (doubtful) among the people as to the practical value of the project. (安徽卷) (doubt)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I doubt ______ that chair will bear your weight. (if/whether)
11. damage vt. 损害；损坏；n. 损坏；损害；损失；损害赔偿金
【原句再现】
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
storm damage to the trees 暴风雨对树木造成的损害
do/cause damage to…对….造成/引起损害
【精品例句】
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.他被车撞了，脑部严重损伤
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years.
问题显而易见; 多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园(全国卷)
The heavy rain had caused serious damage to the roof. 大雨严重损坏了房顶
He was ordered to pay damages of S30,000.他被责令支付3万美元的损害赔偿金
Don t damage your health for a good figure. 不要为了好身材而损害健康
My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt.
我的车受损严重，但庆幸的是孩子们伤得并不重
辨析：damage, destroy, ruin, spoil 四者都有“破坏”之意。 damage通常指部分性的损坏，往往指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，往往表示可以修复的破坏；destroy指彻底的毁坏、毁掉或毁灭，往往无法或很难修复；ruin强调“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，不能恢复。与spoil同义且常可换用，只是语气比spoil稍强; spoil强调“损坏”，与ruin同义，语气不如ruin强; 还有“宠坏”、“ 溺爱”之意
Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康
That town was destroyed in the earthquake.那个城镇在地震中毁掉了
He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
他碰翻了一瓶墨水，把那块桌布弄脏了
The bad weather ruined spoilt our trip. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行
She spoils those kids of hers. 她那几个孩子被她宠坏了
【高考链接】
The accident caused some to my car, but it's nothing serious. (辽宁卷)
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The earthquake did much damage ____ the village. (to)
12. dozen n. 一打；十二个；十几个；几十个；很多
【原句再现】
Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. (教材原句P32)
【词块积累】
a dozen students 十几个学生
Two dozen bottles of orange 两打瓶装橙汁
dozens of… 很多….
some dozens of people 几十个人
for dozens of years 好几十年以来
some dozens of….数打….
in dozens 成打地，一打一打地
【精品例句】
More than a dozen students in that school were sent abroad to study medicine last year.
去年，那所学校派了十几个学生出国学医
The hurricane blew away dozens of farming villages and brought down thousands of tress.
飓风刮走很多村庄，刮到了数千棵树
How many dozen(s) do you want
你要几打？
I want a dozen eggs please.
请给我拿十二个鸡蛋
There were dozens of people there.
那里有很多人
【高考链接】
She went to the bookstore and bought dozens _____ books .(安徽卷) (of)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Dozens ______ houses were broken down last year to build the new garden. (of)
13. lead to 导致；通向
【原句再现】
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
lead sb. to＋someplace　带领某人到某地
lead sb. to do sth. 使/带领某人做某事
lead to sb doing sth. 促使/致使某人做某事
lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活
lead the way 引路，带路
【精品例句】
Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous results.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马
Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间已经致使人们寻找新的解决方案
The long hot summer has led to serious water shortages.
漫长而炎热的夏季已经导致了严重的水源短缺
【高考链接】
Our English teacher has a strange way of leading us ________ (study) English actively.(福建卷) (to study)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This street leads you _____ the station and you can find the supermarket nearby. (to)
14. contribute vt.&vi. 捐助; 捐献; 贡献; 造成/促使(某事发生); 投(稿); 撰(稿)
【原句再现】
Many tour boats contributed to the problem, too. (教材P32)
【词块积累】
contributor n 捐款人; 撰稿人; 起作用的因素
contribution n. 捐款; 捐献物; 贡献; 稿件; 作品
contribute (sth) to sth 对….奉献…；投稿
contribute (money) to the Red Cross向红十字会捐钱
contribute to …对…做出贡献，对….起作用
【精品例句】
It was generous of her to con tribute such a large sum of money.
她很大方，捐了这么一大笔钱
He never contributes (ideas) to the discussion. 他在讨论时从不发表意见
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
在美国，酒精每年造成10万人死亡
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.
压力是诸多疾病的致病因素
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章
I gave a contribution of $100 to / toward the church. 我给教堂捐了1 00美元
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的杂志。
【高考链接】
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution ________ the world. (湖南卷)
(to/toward)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Immigrants have contributed ________the British culture in many ways. (to/toward)
●本单元其它重要短语
15.on behalf of… 代表/代替….
I’m doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. (教材原句P29)
He went to attend the meeting on behalf of me.
●句型点拨
1. There is little doubt that...
【原句再现】
(教材原句P26) There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
句式分析：There is little/no doubt that...毫无疑问……；doubt后面用that引导同位语从句；当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的从句用that引导；用于肯定句时，后面的从句用whether引导。
【能力拓展】
※ I have no doubt that... 我确信……
※ I have some doubt whether…. 我怀疑……
※ I doubt whether/if 从句 我怀疑……
※ I don't doubt that从句 我不怀疑……
※ Do you doubt that从句 你怀疑……吗？
【精品例句】
There is no doubt that it was a strange and interesting situation.
毫无疑问，那是一个奇怪而有趣的局面。
There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问，我们做得对。
There is some doubt whether he will come to help us.
他是否会来帮助我们还有些疑虑。
【高考链接】
There is some doubt______ she will come on time. (陕西卷) (whether/if)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I don't doubt _____ he will succeed. (that)
I doubt ______ we will make a profit out of it. (whether/if)
2. not only...but also...不仅…..而且…..
【原句再现】
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives. (教材原句P27)
句式分析：句中的not only...but also...表示“不但……，而且……”，连接并列的句子结构。
【能力拓展】
※not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。
※ not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用。not only与but also后面所连接的词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”，谓语动词的数应与but also后的名词的数保持一致。
※ not only放在句首，后接句子要用部分倒装。
【精品例句】
Air not only occupies space，but it also has weight.
空气不仅占据空间，而且它还具有重量。
Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.
莎士比亚不仅是一个作家，还是一个演员。
The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words but in deeds.
老工人对青年工人不仅言传而且身教。
【高考链接】
Not only you but also she _______ (have) to attend the ceremony. (湖北卷) (has)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Not only the students but also the teacher _____ (be) invited. (was)
Not only _______ you funny，but also you are witty. (are)
●直接引语和间接引语（详见语法课件）
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