人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit3 Environmental Protection 单元语法详解课件（16张PPT）

(共16张PPT)
Unit 3 Environmental protection
单元语法详解
人教版新教材选择性必修三
本单元重点语法
直接引语和间接引语
◆原句再现
a. The expert said, “ From the position of its dead body, t he bear appeared to have starved and died.” (教材 P29) (直接引语)
b. The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.(教材 P29) (间接引语)
c. The reporter asked, “ Will polar bears die out because of climate change ” (教材 P29) (直接引语)
d. The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change. (教材 P29) (间接引语)
e. The reporter asked, “How can we save polar bears from extinction ” (教材 P29). (直接引语)
f. The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction. (教材 P29) (间接引语)
◆ 直接引语和间接引语概述
●直接引述别人的话，称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话称
为间接引语
● 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句
● 直接引语一般前后面要加引号，间接引语不用引号
请观察以下句子
She said, “ I will come here this evening.” (直接引语)
She said that she would go there that evening. (间接引语)
He said, “I like the dog very much.” (直接引语)
He said that he liked the dog very much. (间接引语)
She asked, “Who has broken this cup ” (直接引语)
She asked who had broken that cup. (间接引语)
◆ 直接引语变为间接引语
● 时态变化，请观察下表
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
一般过去时 （多数情况变为）过去完成时
请观察以下句子
John said, “ I like reading adventure stories.”
John said that he liked reading adventure stories.
b. He said, “ I am using the knife.”
He said that he was using the knife.
c. He said, “I’ve not heard from her since March.”
He said that he had not heard from her since March.
d. He said, “ I came to help you.”
He said that he had come to help me.
e. He said, “ I had finished my report before supper.”
He said that he had finished his report before supper.
g. She said, “ I’ll get excited.” → She said that she would get excited.
● 代词和动词的变化
※ 代词的变化：I/we→ he/she/they; mine/ours→ his/hers/theirs; 指
示代词：this → that; these → those
※ 动词的变化：come → go
请观察以下句子
a. She said, “ I’ll finish the work this afternoon.
She said that she would finish the work that afternoon.
b. The boy said, “ these books are mine.”
The boy said that those books were his.
c. The student asked, “ Will you come to my house this evening ”
The student asked whether I would go to his house that evening.
● 时间状语的变化，请观察下表
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
now then yesterday the day before
today that day yesterday morning the morning before
ago before last night the night before
this morning that morning two days ago two days before
this week that week next week the next week/the following week
here there tomorrow the next day/the following day
● 句型结构的变化
※直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语中要使用陈述语序且保留特殊疑问词，请观察以下句子
a. He asked, “ What is it What is going to happen now ”
He asked what it was and what was going to happen then.
b. “ What can I do for you ” he asked me.
He asked me what he could do for me.
※ 直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语
前要加 whether 或if, 且用陈述语序，请观察以下句子
a. “ Is there anything wrong, Madam ” asked the policeman.
The policeman asked a woman whether/if there was anything wrong.
b. He asked me, “Do you like poems or novels ”
He asked me whether I liked poems or novels.
c. “It’s Jack, isn’t it ” asked Flower.
Flower asked whether it was Jack or not.
※ 直接引语为祈使句时的变化：转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的不定式，且在不定式前根据句意加上 tell, ask, order 等动词, 如果祈使句为否定句，要在
不定式前加 not, 即：tell/ask/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth. 请观察以下句子
“ Make sure the door is shut.” she said to her little son.
He told her little son to make sure the door was shut.
b. “ Don’t give up!” father shouted to me.
Father ordered me in a loud voice not to give up.
◆ 间接引语中时态的变与不变
● 间接引语中时态不变的用法
※ 直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变，请观察下面句子
“The earth moves around the sun” said the teacher.
The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun
※直接引语中表示经常性、反复性、习惯性的动作或状态时，间接引语时态不变，请观察下面的句子
“My brother always goes to school by bike.” Jack said.
Jack said that his brother always goes to school by bike.
※如果直接引语中转述的内容是真实的，一般保持时态不变，请观
察下面的句子
a. “I’m only 30,” said Mary.
Mary said the other day that she’s only 30.
b. ‘My parents live in Shanghai,” said Li Hua.
Li Hua said that his parents live in Shanghai.
※ 在 wish, would rather, it is time 之后从句中的一般过去时并不表示过去的时间，变为间接引语时保持不变，请观察以下句子
a. He said, “ I wish I knew.”
He said that he wished he knew.
b. They said, “ It’s time we went home.”
They said it was time they went home.
※ would, should, ought, had better, might, used to, could 和 must 没有相应的过去时,因此在间接引语中一般保持不变, 请观察以下句子
The teacher said, “We should help each other.”
The teacher said that we should help each other.
He said, “ I would help her with her lessons if I could.”
He said that he would help her with her lessons if he could.
● 间接引语中时态可变可不变的用法
※口语中，在不引起误解的情况下，直接引语中的一般过去时可在间接引语中保持不变，但书面语中一般要做调整，请观察以下句子
Mary said, “ Steven arrived on Sunday.”
Mary said that Steven arrived on Sunday.
Mary said that Steven had arrived on Sunday.
※无论在口语还是书面语中，直接引语中的时间状语从句的谓语如
果是一般过去时或过去进行时，间接引语中保持不变，主句谓语可
变可不变，请观察以下句子
They said, “ When we lived/were living in Wuhan, we saw him.”
They said that when they lived/were living in Wuhan, they saw/had
seen him.
◆ 考点训练
The reporter said that the UFO ________ from east to west when he
saw it.
was travelling B. traveled
C. had been travelling D. was to travel
A
2. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least
ten years since I _________ a good drink.
had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
3. --I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
-- Oh, not at all. I __________ here only a few minutes.
have been B. had been C. was D. will be
4. Mary asked Ann how ________ do that.
You can B. she can 　 C. she could D. I would
5. Mother told me that “ A friend in need ________ a friend indeed.”
is B. was C. will be D. be
A
A
C
A
That’s all!
Thank you!