人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit3 Environmental Protection 五年高考练（含解析）
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Unit3 五年高考练
I.阅读理解
主题语境：人与自然 难易度：★★ 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：7
（2019浙江，C）
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to published Tuesday and climate change seems to a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
词汇积累
l. decline v.下降；谢绝
2. foggy adj.有雾的；头脑迷糊的；记忆模糊的
3. target vt.把……作为目标；把……对准
4. compete vi.争夺；竞争
5. evident adj.明显的
6. calculate vt.计算；预测；估计
7. dampness n.潮湿
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre Grow More Big Trees in California
Ⅱ.完形填空
主题语境：人与自然 难易度：★★ 语篇类型：记叙文 建议用时：12
（2020新高考I）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant tree.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. Side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
词汇积累
1. decline ν.下降
2. turn to（使）转向，求助于
3. platform n.台，站台，平台
4. result in引起，导致
5. drive away驱赶，驱走
6. a number of许多
7. solution n.解决方案
8. disturbing adj.令人不安的
9. shelter n.庇护
10. water ν.浇灌
参考答案：
I.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容是人与植物。文章的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡的原因分析。文章侧重于培养学生有关自然环境、人类生存与环境的关系方面的素养。
1.A【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为“文章第二段的主要内容是什么？”。文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项（加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况）符合题意。B：加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C：加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D：农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。
2.D【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为“下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？”。根据文章第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.”（激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源）可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是似乎对大树并不好，故D项（火的控制措施）正确。A：森林的生态研究；B：树木砍伐禁令；C：限制住房开发。
3.C【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为“根据 McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是什么？”。根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项（更热的气候）符合题意。A：融雪不足；B：更长的旱季；D：空气潮湿。
4.A【解析】主旨大意题。本题题干意为“本文合适的标题是什么？”本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是 California、big trees、loss因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B：加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C：为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D Patrick McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
长难句分析
原句 But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010. McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
句意 但是，在将20世纪20年代和30年代对加利福尼亚森林的研究与2001年至2010年的另一项研究进行比较时，McIntyre和他的同事们记录了一场大范围的大树死亡，这种现象甚至在禁止砍伐和开发以对其进行保护的荒地也很明显。
分析 句子的主干是 McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between2001and2010是介词结构作状io that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development是定语从句。
Ⅱ.语篇解读 本文为记叙文，主题语境是人与自然，主题语境内容为环境保护。一场水灾使一片有着鸟语花香的湿地变得荒芜，莫莱用了37年的时间植树造林，使这里重新成为动植物的家园。本文旨在培养学生的环保意识。
1.C【解析】考查名词。莫莱在印度的一个小村庄长大，这个村庄坐落在一些湿地附近，那里成为他的第二个家园（home）。A：梦，梦想；B：工作；D：选择。
2.A【解析】考查名词。句意：他很小就认识到了那里大自然（nature）的价值和美丽。B：青年，青春；C：文化；D：知识。
3.C【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他16岁的时候，莫莱开始注意到他家的周围发生了一些令人不安的（disturbing）事情。由下文可知，洪水破坏了此地的自然环境，使动物在湿地上无法生存，所以令人不安。A：宝贵的；B：有趣的；D：令人尴尬的，笨拙的。
4.D【解析】考查名词。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏（damage）使许多鸟类被迫离开。A：废物；B：紧张；C：痛苦。
5.A【解析】考查副词。句意：此外（besides），蛇的数量也下降了。B：然而；C：所以；D：否则。
6.B【解析】考查动词。句意：他意识到（realize）这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温。A：同意；C：记得，记住；D：预料。
7.B【解析】考查名词。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温（heat）。由上文可知水灾破坏了湿地的植被，毁坏了湿地的自然环境，使动物在白天因为太热无处藏身。A：噪音；C：疾病；D：灰尘。
8.D【解析】考查名词。句意：当然，解决办法是种树，以便这些动物可以在白天寻求庇护（shelter）。A：方向；B：伙伴，搭档；C帮助。
9.C【解析】考查名词。句意：他向森林（forest）部门寻求帮助，但被告知那里什么都不会生长。A：劳动；B：警察；D：金融。
10.B【解析】考查动词。句意：然而，莫莱独自去看了看，发现（discover）了附近的一个岛屿，在那里他开始种树。A：重建；C：离开，剩下；D：经营，管理。
11.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在旱季浇灌（watering）幼小的植物对男孩一个人来说是艰难的。A：装饰，点缀；B：观察，遵守；D：保卫，守护。
12.A【解析】考查形容词。句意：在旱季浇灌幼小的植物对男孩一个人来说是艰难的（tough）。B：违法的；C：极好的，怪诞的；D：有益的。
13.B【解析】考查名词。句意：莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部（top）建造了个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。A：背面，后面；C：底部；D：侧面。
14.D【解析】考查动词及动词短语。句意：莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集（collect）雨水。A：变凉；B：不接近；C：使纯净，净化。
l5.D【解析】考查动词。莫莱在接下来的37年里继续（continue）植树，他的努力已经使得1，360英亩自然生长的土地成为许多植物和动物的家园。A：回来；B：学习；C：衰退，失败。
长难句分析
原句 Molai built at the top of each sapling a bamboo platform，where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.
句意 莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。
分析 这是一个主从复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 platform，where在定语从句中作地点状语；介词短语 with small holes作定语，修饰名词pots；不定式to collect rainwater作目的状语。
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I.阅读理解
主题语境：人与自然 难易度：★★ 语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：7
（2019浙江，C）
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to published Tuesday and climate change seems to a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
词汇积累
l. decline v.下降；谢绝
2. foggy adj.有雾的；头脑迷糊的；记忆模糊的
3. target vt.把……作为目标；把……对准
4. compete vi.争夺；竞争
5. evident adj.明显的
6. calculate vt.计算；预测；估计
7. dampness n.潮湿
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre Grow More Big Trees in California
Ⅱ.完形填空
主题语境：人与自然 难易度：★★ 语篇类型：记叙文 建议用时：12
（2020新高考I）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant tree.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling（幼树）a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip（滴落）on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice
2. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge
3. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. top C. foot D. Side
14. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued
词汇积累
1. decline ν.下降
2. turn to（使）转向，求助于
3. platform n.台，站台，平台
4. result in引起，导致
5. drive away驱赶，驱走
6. a number of许多
7. solution n.解决方案
8. disturbing adj.令人不安的
9. shelter n.庇护
10. water ν.浇灌
参考答案：
I.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容是人与植物。文章的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡的原因分析。文章侧重于培养学生有关自然环境、人类生存与环境的关系方面的素养。
1.A【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为“文章第二段的主要内容是什么？”。文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项（加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况）符合题意。B：加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C：加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D：农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。
2.D【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为“下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？”。根据文章第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.”（激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源）可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是似乎对大树并不好，故D项（火的控制措施）正确。A：森林的生态研究；B：树木砍伐禁令；C：限制住房开发。
3.C【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为“根据 McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是什么？”。根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项（更热的气候）符合题意。A：融雪不足；B：更长的旱季；D：空气潮湿。
4.A【解析】主旨大意题。本题题干意为“本文合适的标题是什么？”本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是 California、big trees、loss因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B：加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C：为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D Patrick McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
长难句分析
原句 But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010. McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
句意 但是，在将20世纪20年代和30年代对加利福尼亚森林的研究与2001年至2010年的另一项研究进行比较时，McIntyre和他的同事们记录了一场大范围的大树死亡，这种现象甚至在禁止砍伐和开发以对其进行保护的荒地也很明显。
分析 句子的主干是 McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between2001and2010是介词结构作状io that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development是定语从句。
Ⅱ.语篇解读 本文为记叙文，主题语境是人与自然，主题语境内容为环境保护。一场水灾使一片有着鸟语花香的湿地变得荒芜，莫莱用了37年的时间植树造林，使这里重新成为动植物的家园。本文旨在培养学生的环保意识。
1.C【解析】考查名词。莫莱在印度的一个小村庄长大，这个村庄坐落在一些湿地附近，那里成为他的第二个家园（home）。A：梦，梦想；B：工作；D：选择。
2.A【解析】考查名词。句意：他很小就认识到了那里大自然（nature）的价值和美丽。B：青年，青春；C：文化；D：知识。
3.C【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他16岁的时候，莫莱开始注意到他家的周围发生了一些令人不安的（disturbing）事情。由下文可知，洪水破坏了此地的自然环境，使动物在湿地上无法生存，所以令人不安。A：宝贵的；B：有趣的；D：令人尴尬的，笨拙的。
4.D【解析】考查名词。句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏（damage）使许多鸟类被迫离开。A：废物；B：紧张；C：痛苦。
5.A【解析】考查副词。句意：此外（besides），蛇的数量也下降了。B：然而；C：所以；D：否则。
6.B【解析】考查动词。句意：他意识到（realize）这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温。A：同意；C：记得，记住；D：预料。
7.B【解析】考查名词。句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温（heat）。由上文可知水灾破坏了湿地的植被，毁坏了湿地的自然环境，使动物在白天因为太热无处藏身。A：噪音；C：疾病；D：灰尘。
8.D【解析】考查名词。句意：当然，解决办法是种树，以便这些动物可以在白天寻求庇护（shelter）。A：方向；B：伙伴，搭档；C帮助。
9.C【解析】考查名词。句意：他向森林（forest）部门寻求帮助，但被告知那里什么都不会生长。A：劳动；B：警察；D：金融。
10.B【解析】考查动词。句意：然而，莫莱独自去看了看，发现（discover）了附近的一个岛屿，在那里他开始种树。A：重建；C：离开，剩下；D：经营，管理。
11.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在旱季浇灌（watering）幼小的植物对男孩一个人来说是艰难的。A：装饰，点缀；B：观察，遵守；D：保卫，守护。
12.A【解析】考查形容词。句意：在旱季浇灌幼小的植物对男孩一个人来说是艰难的（tough）。B：违法的；C：极好的，怪诞的；D：有益的。
13.B【解析】考查名词。句意：莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部（top）建造了个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。A：背面，后面；C：底部；D：侧面。
14.D【解析】考查动词及动词短语。句意：莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集（collect）雨水。A：变凉；B：不接近；C：使纯净，净化。
l5.D【解析】考查动词。莫莱在接下来的37年里继续（continue）植树，他的努力已经使得1，360英亩自然生长的土地成为许多植物和动物的家园。A：回来；B：学习；C：衰退，失败。
长难句分析
原句 Molai built at the top of each sapling a bamboo platform，where he placed earthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.
句意 莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。
分析 这是一个主从复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 platform，where在定语从句中作地点状语；介词短语 with small holes作定语，修饰名词pots；不定式to collect rainwater作目的状语。
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