四川省德阳市第五高级中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题

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四川省德阳市第五高级中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Nearly all of us have a
bad habit, whether we know it or not. Some people say they want to get rid of it
but don't know the proper ways. Here's some advice on how to get rid of bad habits.
Make a list.
Write down why you want to stop a certain behavior, how it's hurting you and how
to get rid of it. This will help a lot. Look at that list regularly.
Join in other activities.
It's wise of you to do something else when you want to stop your bad habits. If
you get angry easily, for example, you can practice having a deep breath or going
for a walk.
Give yourself a present.
Before you take action against a bad habit, decide what you'll do to celebrate it
if you reach your goal.
Keep off bad habits.
If you are fat and want to lose weight, keep junk food out of your house. If you
are a heavy smoker with coffee, turn to tea and keep away from friends who like
smoking.
Be patient.
Bad habits develop over years, so you probably won't be able to get rid of them
quickly. In fact, people often give up several times before being successful, so
you should be patient.
Find support.
Don't be afraid to ask for support from friends, family or other people who have
the same bad habits as you. When you talk to others, they might be able to provide
advice or encouragement that you usually wouldn't get from yourself.
1．If you want to lose weight, you should ______.
A．drink more coffee. B．refuse the junk food.
C．find support from friends. D．find a heavy smoker.
2．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage
A．it's not easy to get rid of bad habits in a short time.
B．You can write down the reasons for getting rid of bad habits.
C．When talking to others, you can get what you can't get from yourself.
D．When you want to stop your bad habits, don't do anything.
3．From the passage you can learn ______.
A．how to get rid of bad habits. B．why we have some bad habits.
C．what to do to have a bad habit. D．where to find some support
【答案】1．B
2．D
3．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文；其他类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了改掉坏习惯的一些建议。
【点评】考查阅读理解。这篇文章相对来说比较简单，主要考查了细节理解题和主旨大意题两种考试的题型，在做细节理解题的时候，关键是要对文章的细节把控要到位，需要认真阅读，在做主旨大意题的时候，主要是要把文章通读一遍，掌握好中心思想。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“ If you are fat and want to lose weight, keep junk food out of your house.（如果你很胖，想减肥，就不要吃垃圾食品。）”可知，如果想减肥就应该拒绝垃圾食品。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的”Bad habits develop over years, so you probably won't be able to get rid of them quickly.（坏习惯是多年来养成的，所以你可能无法很快改掉。）“可知选项A”要在短时间内改掉坏习惯并不容易。“是正确的；根据文章第二段中的” Write down why you want to stop a certain behavior, how it's hurting you and how to get rid of it. This will help a lot. Look at that list regularly.（写下你为什么要停止某一行为，它是如何伤害你的，以及如何摆脱它。这会有很大帮助。定期查看该列表。）“可知选项B”你可以写下改掉坏习惯的原因。“是正确的；根据文章最后一段中的“ When you talk to others, they might be able to provide advice or encouragement that you usually wouldn't get from yourself.（当你与他人交谈时，他们可能会提供你通常无法从自己身上得到的建议或鼓励。）”可知选项C“与他人交谈时，你可以得到你自己得不到的东西”是正确的；而选项D“与他人交谈时，你可以从自己身上得到你无法得到的东西。”文章中没有提到。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的”Here's some advice on how to get rid of bad habits.（这里有一些关于如何改掉坏习惯的建议。）“可知，文章主要介绍了改掉坏习惯的一些建议，也就是说，文章中你可以了解到如何摆脱坏习惯。故选A。
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
At first sight, Alma Deutscher,
a sixteen-year-old girl from England appears to be like any other typical teenager.
She loves to skip rope, read and play with her younger sister. But this modest youngster,
who composed her first musical work at age six, first short opera at age seven,
and first full-length opera based on Cinderella
at age ten, is anything but average. Though her parents downplayed(淡化)her extraordinary talent, young Alma is being described as "little
Mozart" by the music world.
Alma's opera based on the
classic fairy tale, which she began writing at age eight, has a slight twist.
Her Cinderella is a musician who meets her Prince Charming, a poet through a song.
"In my Cinderella, she sings the
beginning of a ballad—but at midnight she flees. Eventually, the prince finds her
after asking all the girls of the country to sing the end of the ballad."
The opera was first performed
in Vienna, Austria on December 29, 2016, where the then eleven-year-old skillfully
switched between the piano and the violin and received enthusiastic reviews. The
young genius has since performed two new piano works, one in Australia and the other
in China.
While this may appear to
be a lot for someone so young, Alma is not worried. She says, "Of course I
have to work hard. But all children have to work hard for exams, and at least when
I work hard, I work hard for something incredibly exciting, like seeing my whole
opera put on."
Alma's musical talent first
came to light before she could even talk. Her parents recall that as an 18-month-old
toddler, she was able to hum a perfect version of the children's rhyme Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.
However, Alma's abilities
only gained international attention in 2012, after a family friend posted a video
online comparing her to Mozart. The family was suddenly swamped with media and Alma
became an overnight star, dubbed "little Mozart". This nickname makes
her parents unhappy because they believe it puts added pressure on the young girl.
They would instead prefer her to be called "a composer and musician".
Alma does not want to be
compared to the famous artist either, saying "There was only one Mozart, and
I prefer to be little Alma." Regardless of what she calls herself, the sixteen-year-old
is changing the world of music forever!
4．Which of the following statement about Alma is WRONG
A．She can play the piano and the violin skillfully.
B．She can write operas and compose music as well.
C．Her talent goes far beyond that of Mozart.
D．She displayed her talent for music at an early age.
5．What does the underlined word "twist"(Para 2) most probably mean
A．Disadvantage. B．Change. C．Improvement. D．Error.
6．What do we know about Alma's Cinderella
A．Cinderella meets her Mr. Right through a song.
B．It is a short opera based on the classic fairy tale.
C．The prince finds her with the help of a crystal shoe.
D．It enjoys a great success and has been performed in China.
7．What was Alma's parents' attitude to her fame
A．Overexcited. B．Concerned. C．Happy. D．Shocked.
【答案】4．C
5．B
6．A
7．B
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；观点态度题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了16岁的英国女孩Alam因改编著名的童话故事《灰姑娘》成歌剧后成名的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择，在做词义猜测题的时候，要结构上下文的语境，在做观点态度题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
4．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的"However, Alma's abilities only gained international attention in 2012, after a family friend posted a video online comparing her to Mozart. （然而，阿尔玛的能力在2012年才获得国际关注，因为一位家庭朋友在网上发布了一段视频，将她与莫扎特进行了比较。）"以及最后一段中的"Alma does not want to be compared to the famous artist either, saying "There was only one Mozart, and I prefer to be little Alma." （阿尔玛也不想和这位著名的艺术家相提并论，她说："只有一个莫扎特，我更想成为小阿尔玛。"）"可知 Alma的才华被用来与莫扎特作比较，而非远远超过了莫扎特。故选C。
5．词义猜测题。根据文章第2段中的"Alma's opera based on the classic fairy tale（阿尔玛根据经典童话改编的歌剧）"以及" Her Cinderella is a musician who meets her Prince Charming, a poet through a song.（她的灰姑娘是一位音乐家，通过一首歌结识了她的白马王子，一位诗人。）"可知，Alma根据经典故事《灰姑娘》稍作改动，改编了歌剧。twist与change是近义词，表示"变化、改动"，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"In my Cinderella, she sings the beginning of a ballad—but at midnight she flees. Eventually, the prince finds her after asking all the girls of the country to sing the end of the ballad.（在《我的灰姑娘》中，她唱起了一首歌谣的开头，但在午夜她却逃走了。最终，王子在要求全国所有女孩唱完这首歌谣的结尾后找到了她。）"可知，在Alam的《灰姑娘》中，灰姑娘通过一首歌邂逅了她的白马王子。故选A。
7．观点态度题。根据文章倒数第二段中的"This nickname makes her parents unhappy because they believe it puts added pressure on the young girl. They would instead prefer her to be called "a composer and musician"（这个绰号让她的父母不高兴，因为他们认为这会给这个小女孩增加压力。相反，他们更希望她被称为"作曲家和音乐家"）"可知，Alam的父母对于她的出名是担忧的。故选B。
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Have you ever noticed that
some people can eat what they want and stay in shape, while others carefully watch
what they eat and still put on weight How annoying! However, scientists are beginning
to believe that some people get the ability to stay thin from their parents.
Scientists say that when
some people eat, their bodies will naturally store the excess energy from food as
fat. These people gain weight if they eat more than they need each day. Meanwhile,
other people eat more than they need but their bodies are able to "burn off"
the extra food without making fat, so they rarely have weight problems.
To show that this is true,
scientists have experimented on laboratory mice. They gave the mice a special diet
with a lot of fat. Some mice gained weight while the other mice stayed thin, even
though both groups of mice ate the same amount of food and got the same amount of
exercise. Scientists concluded that weight gain seemed to be influenced by genetic
(基因的) factors. They also believe they have
now identified the genes that may cause this tendency. These genes, according to
the scientists, get passed down the generations. Armed with this knowledge, they
believe it may be possible to develop medicines that can target the genes and stop
people from gaining weight.
The study of weight gain
is becoming more important as the numbers of people who are overweight continues
to grow. In the United States, over seventy percent of the population have weight
problems. This means they are at risk of illness such as high blood pressure and
heart disease.
Current medicines for weight
control do not work very well because they can have serious side effects, such as
heart problems. However, it takes a long time to develop and thoroughly test new
drugs. Therefore, despite this breakthrough in the study of weight-loss drugs, scientists
and health professionals all agree that currently the best way to control weight
gain is to have a healthy, balanced diet and an active lifestyle with daily exercise.
This will not only help people avoid becoming overweight, but also help them stay
healthy and energetic.
8．According to the scientists, some people ________.
A．are able to stay thin because of genetic factors
B．can eat what they want and stay healthy forever
C．usually keep doing exercise to lose their weight
D．don't eat anything every day but still put on weight
9．Some people don't need to worry about weight problems because ________.
A．they eat many vegetables
B．they eat less than others
C．they don't store any energy from food as fat
D．they can burn off the extra food without making fat
10．What can we learn from the passage
A．Fewer people will have weight problems in the future.
B．People with weight problems may suffer from heart trouble.
C．We now have good medicine for people with weight problems.
D．The result of the experiments on mice and humans are different.
11．What does the last paragraph imply
A．Current medicine solve weight problems well.
B．We should exercise regularly and eat properly.
C．Taking exercise every day may cause heart problems.
D．Testing new drugs is hard because of the side effects.
【答案】8．A
9．D
10．B
11．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现体重是否增加受基因因素的影响，但体重过重的人可能患有高血压和心脏病等疾病的风险，因此我们应该经常锻炼，合理饮食。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意要对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“However, scientists are beginning to believe that some people get the ability to stay thin from their parents.（然而，科学家们开始相信，有些人从父母那里获得了保持苗条的能力。）”以及第三段中的“Scientists concluded that weight gain seemed to be influenced by genetic (基因的) factors. （科学家得出结论，体重增加似乎受到遗传因素的影响。）”可知，科学家认为有些人能够保持苗条是因为基因的因素。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Meanwhile, other people eat more than they need but their bodies are able to "burn off" the extra food without making fat, so they rarely have weight problems.（同时，其他人吃得比他们需要的多，但他们的身体能够“燃烧”掉多余的食物而不产生脂肪，因此他们很少有体重问题。） ”可知，有些人不需要担心体重问题，因为他们的身体能够“燃烧”掉多余的食物而不产生脂肪，故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“In the United States, over seventy percent of the population have weight problems. This means they are at risk of illness such as high blood pressure and heart disease.（在美国，超过70%的人口有体重问题。这意味着他们有患高血压和心脏病等疾病的风险。）”可推知，有体重问题的人可能患有心脏病。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Therefore, despite this breakthrough in the study of weight-loss drugs, scientists and health professionals all agree that currently the best way to control weight gain is to have a healthy, balanced diet and an active lifestyle with daily exercise.（因此，尽管在减肥药物研究方面取得了突破，但科学家和健康专家都一致认为，目前控制体重增加的最佳方法是拥有健康、均衡的饮食和积极的生活方式，并进行日常锻炼。）”可推知，我们应该经常坚持锻炼，合理饮食。故选B。
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Now, it is winter and as you have probably noticed, virus are everywhere—runny noses, sore throats, nothing quite like the common cold to make you feel so uncomfortable. But experts believe that there is no link between cold weather and catching colds. So why are we particularly easy to catch colds this season
Internal Medicine expert, Dr Meenakshi Jain of Max Hospital says, "One reason could be that people are likely to stay indoors, so the virus can spread easily. Also the virus grows strong and healthy under wet conditions."
The common cold can be caused by any of up to 250 kinds of virus. The most common group of them is the kind of virus that hits the nose, which is called rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses cause a third and a half of all common colds.
"This kind of virus is spread through the nose and respiratory passages (呼吸道)，by touch, and by contact with particles (微粒) in the air that are created by sneezing or coughing," says Dr Jain.
There is no way to treat the common cold. However, there are some tips that can help. Wash your hands regularly, so that germs get killed. Don't touch your eyes, nose or mouth, which can limit your chances of infection (传染). Don't share drinking glasses with anyone as this will prevent the spread of the virus. Drink lots of water. Make sure to eat enough fruits to boost your immune system (免疫系统). Get enough sleep and you'll certainly become stronger.
12．What does the writer think will make you suffer most
A．The common cold. B．The winter.
C．Sore throats. D．Runny noses.
13．A third and a half of all common colds are caused by _____.
A．the cold weather in the winter B．the condition of the human body
C．the virus that hits people's nose D．the warm temperature in the room
14．The underlined word "boost" in the last paragraph probably means _____.
A．damage B．treat C．change D．improve
15．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to tell us _____.
A．some ways for the virus to spread
B．the common cold can not be treated
C．exercise is important to people's health
D．some tips on how to keep the cold away
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．D
15．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文；医疗保健类；其他类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冬季易患感冒的原因，病毒传播的方式以及预防感冒的小窍门。
【点评】考查阅读理解。这是一篇说明文，该内容与生活息息相关，对于考生来说也是会产生共鸣的，所以考生在做题之前可以先通读文章，掌握住文章的中心思想，然后根据考试题型的特点，去文章中寻找答案。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Now, it is winter and as you have probably noticed, virus are everywhere—runny noses, sore throats, nothing quite like the common cold to make you feel so uncomfortable.（现在是冬天，你可能已经注意到，病毒到处都是，流鼻涕，喉咙痛，没有什么比普通感冒更让你感到不舒服的了。）”可知，作者认为没有什么比普通感冒更让你感到不舒服的了，也就是说，普通感冒会让你最痛苦，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The most common group of them is the kind of virus that hits the nose, which is called rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses cause a third and a half of all common colds.（其中最常见的一类是击中鼻子的病毒，称为鼻病毒。在所有普通感冒中，三分之一到一半是由鼻病毒引起的。）”可知，三分之一到一半的普通感冒是由病毒袭击人的鼻子引起的。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“ Make sure to eat enough fruits（确保吃足够的水果）”可知，吃足够的水果能够增强免疫力，“improve”意思是“改进，改善”，符合句意，故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中的“There is no way to treat the common cold. However, there are some tips that can help.（没有办法治疗普通感冒。然而，有一些提示可以帮助您。）”可知，最后一段主要介绍了一些预防感冒的方法，因此，在最后一段中作者主要想告诉我们一些如何预防感冒的小窍门。故选D。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）任务型阅读
Ways to protect eyes from screens
Too much screen time may cause serious eye strain (眼疲劳) and even a sharp decline of eyesight. That's a big problem a lot of people are faced with nowadays, especially those who work on a computer. The following tips may be helpful.
Get regular eye tests
Experts recommend having a comprehensive eye exam every year to detect (探测）problems before they develop. During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer. 　16． 　 Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.
Give your eyes space
The closer your phone/computer screen is to your eyes, the harder they have to work to focus.　17． 　 If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.
Take breaks
This may not always be practical if you're quite busy，but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. 　18． 　 While surveys have shown that many office workers take no more than half an hour a day away from their computer, it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen.
　19． 　
Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the "20-20-20 rule"—looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. 　20． 　
A. Exercise your eyes. B. Give your eyes a chance to rest. C. Make your screen more eye-friendly. D. Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness. E. You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work. F. Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough. G. Studies on eye strain suggest that computer screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face.
【答案】16．E；17．G；18．B；19．A；20．D
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今许多人面临。的一个大问题—经常面对电子屏幕导致眼睛疲劳，文章提出了几种保护眼睛免受屏幕伤害的方法。
A. Exercise your eyes.锻炼你的眼睛。
B. Give your eyes a chance to rest.给你的眼睛一个休息的机会。
C. Make your screen more eye-friendly.使您的屏幕更便于观看。
D. Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness.研究表明，这是减少疲劳的有效方法。
E. You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work.你也应该在工作时测量眼睛到屏幕的距离。
F. Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough.确保在光线充足的房间使用手机或电脑。
G. Studies on eye strain suggest that computer screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face.对眼睛疲劳的研究表明，电脑屏幕离你的脸不应超过40厘米。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。考生可以在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
16．根据空前的"During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer.（在这个测试中，你应该告诉医生你使用手机和电脑的频率。）"以及根据空后的"Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.（告诉你的医生这件事，你的眼睛就能在这个距离上得到更准确的检测。）"可知该空应该是在描述眼睛到手机或者电脑屏幕的距离。选项E"You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work."符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用，故选E。
17．根据空后的"If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.（如果这使您难以阅读，请考虑增加文本的大小，而不是将屏幕移动得更近。）"可知该空是在描述眼睛到屏幕的距离，选项G"Studies on eye strain suggest that computer screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face."符合语境，故选G。
18．根据空前的"This may not always be practical if you're quite busy，but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. （如果你很忙，这可能并不总是实用的，但不要长时间直视屏幕很重要。）"可知该空是在描述眼睛也是需要休息的，选项B" Give your eyes a chance to rest."符合语境，故选B。
19．根据空后的"Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the "20-20-20 rule"—looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. （连续数小时盯着屏幕可能会让你难以集中注意力。为了避免这种情况，许多眼科专家推荐了"20-20-20法则"——每20分钟从手机/电脑屏幕上移开一次，并将注意力集中在至少20英尺外的物体上至少20秒。）"可知这段是在描述如何让眼睛得到更好的休息与锻炼，选项A"Exercise your eyes."符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前的"The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. （他的技巧背后的科学是，在远处看物体会放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉。）"可知这种技巧对于让眼睛放松是有效果的，选项D"Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness."符合语境，故选D。
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Employees at a restaurant in Ohio received a Christmas gift when a customer left a 5,600-dollar tip for all the employees to divide. The 21． was dining when he left the 22． tip for all 28 employees. After 23． it, each employee took $ 200 home.
"My eyes are 24． now talking about it," said Salloukh, the owner of the restaurant. "My employees become my family and everyone 25． each other. Many employees weren't able to 26． a Christmas tree because of the pandemic(传染病). The large tip made that 27． , which gave us a lot of 28． It is just a beautiful thing to do for 28 29． you don't even know."
Salloukh began to 30． his restaurant when he was 25 years old, and like many other business owners, was 31． to keep it alive due to COVID-19. It's reported that 100,000 restaurants had 32． so far in September2020. About 60% of these businesses that came to an end during the pandemic will never reopen, and restaurants have 33． most. "Then suddenly this gentleman came in and 34． us a 5,600-dollar tip for all our employees. We are 35． for what he did," added Salloukh.
21．A．owner B．guest C．visitor D．tourist
22．A．massive B．extra C．usual D．small
23．A．donating B．counting C．giving D．dividing
24．A．hurting B．watering C．injuring D．rolling
25．A．smiles
at B．hugs C．cares about D．contacts
26．A．afford B．plant C．decorate D．remove
27．A．necessary B．possible C．meaningful D．practical
28．A．confidence B．influence C．chance D．hope
29．A．foreigners B．customers C．strangers D．experts
30．A．run B．fix C．design D．establish
31．A．unwilling B．hoping C．refusing D．struggling
32．A．advanced B．survived C．closed D．existed
33．A．changed B．increased C．benefited D．suffered
34．A．requested B．offered C．cheated D．supplied
35．A．thankful B．happy C．eager D．thirsty
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．C；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．C；33．D；34．B；35．A
【知识点】日常生活类；人生百味类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了俄亥俄州一家餐厅的员工收到了一份圣诞礼物，一名顾客留下了一笔5600美元的小费，让所有员工平分，这些小费足以让这些员工在受疫情严重影响的情况下过个美好的圣诞节，餐厅老板和员工对此表示感谢。
【点评】考查完形填空。考生在做题的时候，可以先跳过设空处，把文章通读一遍，了解其大概的意思，然后根据每个小题的各个选项的意思以及设空处所在的上下文的具体语境来选出最佳选项。
21．句意：客人在用餐时给所有28名员工留下了巨额小费。A.owner 拥有者；B.guest 客人；C.visitor 参观者 ；D.tourist 旅行者 。根据前文的"when a customer left a 5,600-dollar tip for all the employees to divide.（当一位顾客给所有员工留下5600美元的小费时。）"，可知一位客人留下了巨额的小费，故选B。
22．句意：客人在用餐时给所有28名员工留下了巨额小费。 A.massive 巨大的 ；B.extra 额外的 ；C.usual 通常的 ；D.small 小型的 。根据第二段中的"The large tip "可知，这笔小费的数额是巨大的。故选A。
23．句意：平分之后，每位员工拿了200美元回家。A.donating 捐赠 ；B.counting 计算 ；C.giving 赠送 ；D.dividing 分配 。根据第一段中的" for all the employees to divide"可知，这笔小费是在员工之间分配的。故选D。
24．句意：餐馆老板萨鲁克说:"现在说起这件事，我都热泪盈眶了。"A.hurrying 匆忙的 ；B.watering 充满水的；C.injuring 伤害的 ；D.rolling 旋转的。根据空前的"my eyes"可知Salloukh因为这笔小费而感动，所以眼里充满泪水。故选B。
25．句意：我的员工就像我的家人，每个人都互相关心。A.smiles at 对……微笑 ；B.hugs 拥抱 ；C.cares about 担心 ；D.contacts 联系 。根据空前的"My employees become my family …"可知所有员工就像家人一样，所以他们互相关心。故选C。
26．句意：由于疫情，许多员工买不起圣诞树。A.afford 买得起 ；B.plant 栽种 ；C.decorate 装饰 ；D.remove 移开 。根据空后的"because of the pandemic"可知，由于疫情的影响，餐厅生意不景气，很多员工都买不起圣诞树。故选A。
27．句意：巨额小费让这一切成为可能，这给了我们很大的希望。A.necessary 必需的 ；B.possible可能的；C.meaningful有意义的；D.practical实际的。根据空前的"Many employees weren't able to 6 a Christmas tree because of the pandemic(传染病). "可知大笔的小费让员工过一个美好的圣诞节成为可能。故选B。
28．句意：巨额小费让这一切成为可能，这给了我们很大的希望。A.confidence自信；B.influence影响；C.chance机会；D.hope希望。根据语境可知，有了这笔小费，那些员工就可以买礼物和圣诞树了，这对于他们来说就是充满了希望。故选D。
29．句意：为28个你甚至不认识的陌生人做这件事是一件很美好的事情。A.foreigners外国人；B.customers顾客；C.strangers陌生人；D.experts专家。根据空后的"you don't even know."可知，这28名员工对于客人来说都是陌生人。故选C。
30．句意：Salloukh在25岁时开始经营他的餐厅，和其他许多企业主一样，由于新冠肺炎，他一直在努力维持餐厅的运营。A.run经营；B.fix修理；C.design设计；D.establish建立。根据下文的"and like many other business owners, was 11 to keep it alive due to COVID-19. It's reported that 100,000 restaurants had"可知Salloukh 25 岁的时候开始经营他的餐厅。故选A。
31．句意：Salloukh在25岁时开始经营他的餐厅，和其他许多企业主一样，由于新冠肺炎，他一直在努力维持餐厅的运营。A.unwilling不情愿；B.hoping 希望 ；C.refusing拒绝；D.struggling挣扎，努力。根据空后的" keep it alive due to COVID-19"可知，他艰难地维持他的生存。故选D。
32．句意：据报道，截至2020年9月，已有10万家餐厅幸存。A. advanced发展 ；B. survived幸存 ；C.closed（ 使）关闭 ；D. existed生存 。根据下文的"About 60% of these businesses that came to an end during the pandemic will never reopen（在疫情期间结束的这些企业中，约60%将永远不会重新开业）"可知，受疫情影响，很多餐厅关门了。故选C。
33．句意：在大流行期间结束的这些业务中，大约60%将永远不会重新开业，而餐馆遭受的损失最大。A. changed 改变；B. increased 增加；C. benefited受益 ；D.suffered 遭受 。根据空前的"About 60% of these businesses that came to an end during the pandemic will never reopen（在疫情期间结束的这些企业中，约60%将永远不会重新开业）"可知，餐厅受到的损失最大。故选D。
34．句意：突然，这位先生走进来，骗了我们5600美元的小费给我们所有的员工。A. requested要求 ；B.offered 资源给予 ；C. cheated欺骗 ；D. supplied提供 。根据第一段中的"Employees at a restaurant in Ohio received a Christmas gift when a customer left a 5,600-dollar tip for all the employees to divide. （俄亥俄州一家餐厅的员工收到了一份圣诞礼物，一位顾客给所有员工留下了5600美元的小费，让他们分。）"可知，那位客人"给我们小费"，所以用offer，故选B。
35．句意：我们感谢他所做的一切。A.thankful 感谢的 ；B.happy 快乐的 ；C.eager 热切的 ；D.thirsty 口渴的 。根据整篇文章的意思可知这位客人的小费对员工的生活起到了很好的帮助的作用，所以此处应该是充满感激之情的。故选A。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A six-minute performance featuring Chinese Kung Fu and Chinese folk dances 　36． 　 (amaze) thousands of people at New York City's Times Square Friday night by kicking off one of the 　37． 　 (famous) New Year's Eve countdowns around the globe.
Co-organized by the Sino-American Friendship Association and the Times Square Alliance, the performance brought traditional Chinese culture alive with flowing 　38． 　 (move) of Taijiquan blending firmness with softness and the magnificence of Shaolin Kung Fu.
"The martial art is so cool! The cultural elements helped me understand more about China." said Victoria Christensen, a pharmacy technician, who had traveled here from Nebraska 　39． 　 (specific) for the celebration.
Chinese Consul General in New York Huang Ping, 　40． 　 made brief remarks before the show, said that he sincerely invites the world to visit China and enjoy the splendid landscapes and rich culture.
The hours-long event ended 　41． 　 a 60-second countdown to the new year. Cheers and confetti filled the square when the traditional midnight drop of a multi-colored crystal ball signaled the start of 2022.
The history of New Year's Eve countdown at Times Square 　42． 　 (date) back more than 100 years. After banning visitors from the event a year ago due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Big Apple rang in 2022 on a smaller scale as COVID-19 infections continue 　43． 　 (increase) in the city and around the nation. 　44． 　 (base) on the latest statistics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the current seven-day average daily increase of confirmed cases in the United States reached more than 316.000.
New York City's new mayor, Eric Adams, took the oath of office in Times Square early Saturday shortly after the ball dropped. He detailed 　45． 　 plan for battling COVID-19 to start 2022 on Thursday.
【答案】36．amazed；37．most famous；38．moves；39．specifically；40．who；41．in；42．dates；43．to increase；44．Based；45．a
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约时代广场上一场6分钟的中国功夫和中国民间舞蹈表演震惊了成千上万的观众，也让外国了解了中国文化。
【点评】考查语法填空。语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
36．句意：周五晚，纽约时代广场上一场6分钟的中国功夫和中国民间舞蹈表演震惊了成千上万的观众，拉开了全球最著名的新年倒数之一。分析句子可知，提示词是句子谓语动词，与主语A six-minute performance之间是主动关系，根据时间状语 Friday night可知，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故答案为 amazed 。
37．句意：周五晚，纽约时代广场上一场6分钟的中国功夫和中国民间舞蹈表演震惊了成千上万的观众，拉开了全球最著名的新年倒数之一。固定结构"one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数"表示"最……之一"，famous是双章节形容词，最高级为most famous。故答案为most famous。
38．句意：演出由中美友好协会和时代广场联盟联合主办，以刚柔相济的太极拳流畅的动作和少林功夫的恢弘气势，生动地展现了中国传统文化。根据空格前形容词flowing可知，应填入名词move作宾语，结合句意，句中指太极拳的动作，是复数概念，应用复数名词。故答案为moves。
39．句意：药剂师维多利亚·克里斯滕森(Victoria Christensen)说，她特地从内布拉斯加州赶来参加庆祝活动。修饰动词traveled用副词specifcally，意为"特意，专门地"。故答案为specifically。
40．句意：中国驻纽约总领事黄平在开幕式前发表了简短讲话，他表示，他真诚邀请世界各国人民到中国旅游，欣赏中国灿烂的风景和丰富的文化。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Huang Ping，指人，先行词在定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故答案为who 。
41．句意：长达数小时的活动在新年倒计时60秒中结束。根据句意，应使用介词in构成介词短语作时间状语，表示"在倒计时60秒中"。故答案为in。
42．句意：时代广场新年倒计时的历史可以追溯到100多年前。分析句子可知，提示词是句子谓语动词，固定短语date back为被动语态，意为"追溯到"，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 history为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为dates。
43．句意：一年前，由于新冠肺炎疫情，纽约曾禁止游客参加该活动，但随着新冠肺炎感染在纽约和全国各地持续增加，纽约在2022年以较小的规模组织了新年倒计时。固定短语 continue to do继续做某事。故答案为to increase 。
44．句意：根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的最新统计，目前美国新增确诊病例7天平均每天超过31.6万例。分析句子可知，提示词是非谓语动词，base...on...为固定搭配，意为"以……基础/根据"，与其逻辑主语the current seven-day average daily increase之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词表表被动，作状语，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故答案为Based 。
45．句意：他昨天详细说明了从2022年开始的新冠肺炎疫情应对计划。可数名词plan是单数形式，表示"一个计划"，泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且plan发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定定冠词a限定。故答案为a。
五、写作（共两节，满分40分）
46．（2023高一下·德阳开学考）
假设你是李华，请你按照以下要点写一篇作文分享你学习英语的经验。
要点：1）表达很荣幸分享经验；2）学习语法的经验；3）学习英语的乐趣；
4）学习英语需要耐心和大量的运用与实践；5）结尾。
【答案】One possible version:
It's my greatest honor/privilege to share some of my thoughts on learning English with you all.
To begin with, there is a common misunderstanding that learning English is all about learning grammar, which is especially true for/of students who grew up with strict grammar schooling. Remember that you only study grammar in order to communicate. So don't be bothered with it.
From my point of view, learning English is always easier and more fun if you have a reason to do so. Be sure to remain focused on that reason, since it will help you get through the times when learning seems hard.
Obviously, there's no magic way to learn English instantly. It just requires patience and practice. It is highly recommended that we practice reading and speaking on a daily basis.
Hopefully, what I have mentioned above can be of some help. Thank you!
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文，要求考生以"李华"的身份写一篇作文分享其学习英语的经验。本篇书面表达的要点包括：1）表达很荣幸分享经验；2）学习语法的经验；3）学习英语的乐趣；4）学习英语需要耐心和大量的运用与实践；5）结尾。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综台能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己孰悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：To begin with, there is a common misunderstanding that learning English is all about learning grammar, which is especially true for/of students who grew up with strict grammar schooling. 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和who引导的限制性定语从句。Hopefully, what I have mentioned above can be of some help. 运用了what引导的主语从句。
47．（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。
Vilma Washington was a nurse in Lucile Packard Children's Hospital in Palo Alto, California. She has worked there for twenty-eight years. Since she came to the hospital, she has helped tens of thousands of premature babies come to the world.
Mrs. Washington was a mother of four children and had a happy family. Her husband was an engineer and worked in a big company. The only child at home was Mikel, who was in his high school. Every day, Mrs. Washington would get up at six, cook for breakfast for her husband and son, and then drive the baby to school before she went to work.
Her husband got good salaries and the family didn't need her to earn money. But she still kept her work as a nurse, because she liked the work very much. She was a senior nurse in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (新生儿特护中心) to care for premature babies and was respected by all the doctors and nurses in the hospital. Patients, as well as doctors and nurses, came and left from the hospital, but she continued to work in the same hospital and even the same unit. Since it was one of the best children's hospitals in the area, there were always more than enough patients. The work in the unit was naturally tough. Once you got into the nurse station, it was hard to find a chance to put yourself in a chair.
But Mrs. Washington never complained about the job. Instead, she enjoyed it, "I enjoyed the moment when a baby comes to the world with my help," she said. "I like to see the happy and excited expressions on the parents' faces and hear the beautiful first cry of a baby." All the patients liked her. Every Christmas, she could receive countless cards, most of which were from her patients.
This Monday, a new doctor came to work in her unit of the hospital. He was a handsome young man. When Mrs. Washington saw the name on his name tag－Brandon Seminatore, something suddenly hit her.
"Do you live in Handwood Street and your father is a bus driver " she asked.
He told his parents about Mrs. Washington after going home that day.
【答案】 "Do you live in Handwood Street and your father is a bus driver " she asked. "Yes, exactly. My parents still live in the street, but my father retired years ago," answered the young man. "So, that's right," Mrs. Washington said. It turned out that the young man was one of the babies she cared for twenty-eight years before his parents took him home. The young doctor was so happy and surprised to know this.
He told his parents about Mrs. Washington after going home that day. Mr. And Mrs. Seminatore were more than happy. The following day, they went to the unit to meet Mrs. Washington who had helped their son. They took the picture that was kept for many years with them, on which was their son in Mrs. Washington's arms. The unit was filled with great delight that day. The meeting of patients and nurses eventually became a big party! A lot of people gathered to witness the reunion after twenty-eight years. Mrs. Washington was especially excited." As a nurse," she said, "it's really a kind of reward for me."
【知识点】读后续写
【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，Vilma Washington是新生儿特护中心护理早产儿的高级护士，受到医院所有医生和护士的尊敬，所有的病人都喜欢她。一天，一位名叫Brandon Seminatore的新医生来她所在的医院工作，当华盛顿夫人看到他的姓名牌上的名字，她突然想到了什么。由第一段首句内容""Do you live in Handwood Street and your father is a bus driver " she asked.（"你住在汉伍德街，你父亲是一名公共汽车司机吗？"她问道。）"可知，第一段可描写Washington女士同新医生Brandon之间的对话场景和 Washington关于这个新医生的回忆，原来，这个年轻人是28年前她照顾的婴儿之一。由第二段首句内容"He told his parents about Mrs. Washington after going home that day.（那天回家后，他把Washington女士的事告诉了父母。）"可知，第二段可描写新医生 Brandon回到家告知父母此事时他们的反应，以及全家对Washington女士的感激。本题对于考生的综台能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己孰悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。仔细审题，明确续写要求。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。本篇读后续写，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：The following day, they went to the unit to meet Mrs. Washington who had helped their son.运用了who引导的定语从句。They took the picture that was kept for many years with them, on which was their son in Mrs. Washington's arms. 运用了that引导的定语从句和"介词+which"引导的非限制性定语从句。
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四川省德阳市第五高级中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Nearly all of us have a
bad habit, whether we know it or not. Some people say they want to get rid of it
but don't know the proper ways. Here's some advice on how to get rid of bad habits.
Make a list.
Write down why you want to stop a certain behavior, how it's hurting you and how
to get rid of it. This will help a lot. Look at that list regularly.
Join in other activities.
It's wise of you to do something else when you want to stop your bad habits. If
you get angry easily, for example, you can practice having a deep breath or going
for a walk.
Give yourself a present.
Before you take action against a bad habit, decide what you'll do to celebrate it
if you reach your goal.
Keep off bad habits.
If you are fat and want to lose weight, keep junk food out of your house. If you
are a heavy smoker with coffee, turn to tea and keep away from friends who like
smoking.
Be patient.
Bad habits develop over years, so you probably won't be able to get rid of them
quickly. In fact, people often give up several times before being successful, so
you should be patient.
Find support.
Don't be afraid to ask for support from friends, family or other people who have
the same bad habits as you. When you talk to others, they might be able to provide
advice or encouragement that you usually wouldn't get from yourself.
1．If you want to lose weight, you should ______.
A．drink more coffee. B．refuse the junk food.
C．find support from friends. D．find a heavy smoker.
2．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage
A．it's not easy to get rid of bad habits in a short time.
B．You can write down the reasons for getting rid of bad habits.
C．When talking to others, you can get what you can't get from yourself.
D．When you want to stop your bad habits, don't do anything.
3．From the passage you can learn ______.
A．how to get rid of bad habits. B．why we have some bad habits.
C．what to do to have a bad habit. D．where to find some support
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
At first sight, Alma Deutscher,
a sixteen-year-old girl from England appears to be like any other typical teenager.
She loves to skip rope, read and play with her younger sister. But this modest youngster,
who composed her first musical work at age six, first short opera at age seven,
and first full-length opera based on Cinderella
at age ten, is anything but average. Though her parents downplayed(淡化)her extraordinary talent, young Alma is being described as "little
Mozart" by the music world.
Alma's opera based on the
classic fairy tale, which she began writing at age eight, has a slight twist.
Her Cinderella is a musician who meets her Prince Charming, a poet through a song.
"In my Cinderella, she sings the
beginning of a ballad—but at midnight she flees. Eventually, the prince finds her
after asking all the girls of the country to sing the end of the ballad."
The opera was first performed
in Vienna, Austria on December 29, 2016, where the then eleven-year-old skillfully
switched between the piano and the violin and received enthusiastic reviews. The
young genius has since performed two new piano works, one in Australia and the other
in China.
While this may appear to
be a lot for someone so young, Alma is not worried. She says, "Of course I
have to work hard. But all children have to work hard for exams, and at least when
I work hard, I work hard for something incredibly exciting, like seeing my whole
opera put on."
Alma's musical talent first
came to light before she could even talk. Her parents recall that as an 18-month-old
toddler, she was able to hum a perfect version of the children's rhyme Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.
However, Alma's abilities
only gained international attention in 2012, after a family friend posted a video
online comparing her to Mozart. The family was suddenly swamped with media and Alma
became an overnight star, dubbed "little Mozart". This nickname makes
her parents unhappy because they believe it puts added pressure on the young girl.
They would instead prefer her to be called "a composer and musician".
Alma does not want to be
compared to the famous artist either, saying "There was only one Mozart, and
I prefer to be little Alma." Regardless of what she calls herself, the sixteen-year-old
is changing the world of music forever!
4．Which of the following statement about Alma is WRONG
A．She can play the piano and the violin skillfully.
B．She can write operas and compose music as well.
C．Her talent goes far beyond that of Mozart.
D．She displayed her talent for music at an early age.
5．What does the underlined word "twist"(Para 2) most probably mean
A．Disadvantage. B．Change. C．Improvement. D．Error.
6．What do we know about Alma's Cinderella
A．Cinderella meets her Mr. Right through a song.
B．It is a short opera based on the classic fairy tale.
C．The prince finds her with the help of a crystal shoe.
D．It enjoys a great success and has been performed in China.
7．What was Alma's parents' attitude to her fame
A．Overexcited. B．Concerned. C．Happy. D．Shocked.
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Have you ever noticed that
some people can eat what they want and stay in shape, while others carefully watch
what they eat and still put on weight How annoying! However, scientists are beginning
to believe that some people get the ability to stay thin from their parents.
Scientists say that when
some people eat, their bodies will naturally store the excess energy from food as
fat. These people gain weight if they eat more than they need each day. Meanwhile,
other people eat more than they need but their bodies are able to "burn off"
the extra food without making fat, so they rarely have weight problems.
To show that this is true,
scientists have experimented on laboratory mice. They gave the mice a special diet
with a lot of fat. Some mice gained weight while the other mice stayed thin, even
though both groups of mice ate the same amount of food and got the same amount of
exercise. Scientists concluded that weight gain seemed to be influenced by genetic
(基因的) factors. They also believe they have
now identified the genes that may cause this tendency. These genes, according to
the scientists, get passed down the generations. Armed with this knowledge, they
believe it may be possible to develop medicines that can target the genes and stop
people from gaining weight.
The study of weight gain
is becoming more important as the numbers of people who are overweight continues
to grow. In the United States, over seventy percent of the population have weight
problems. This means they are at risk of illness such as high blood pressure and
heart disease.
Current medicines for weight
control do not work very well because they can have serious side effects, such as
heart problems. However, it takes a long time to develop and thoroughly test new
drugs. Therefore, despite this breakthrough in the study of weight-loss drugs, scientists
and health professionals all agree that currently the best way to control weight
gain is to have a healthy, balanced diet and an active lifestyle with daily exercise.
This will not only help people avoid becoming overweight, but also help them stay
healthy and energetic.
8．According to the scientists, some people ________.
A．are able to stay thin because of genetic factors
B．can eat what they want and stay healthy forever
C．usually keep doing exercise to lose their weight
D．don't eat anything every day but still put on weight
9．Some people don't need to worry about weight problems because ________.
A．they eat many vegetables
B．they eat less than others
C．they don't store any energy from food as fat
D．they can burn off the extra food without making fat
10．What can we learn from the passage
A．Fewer people will have weight problems in the future.
B．People with weight problems may suffer from heart trouble.
C．We now have good medicine for people with weight problems.
D．The result of the experiments on mice and humans are different.
11．What does the last paragraph imply
A．Current medicine solve weight problems well.
B．We should exercise regularly and eat properly.
C．Taking exercise every day may cause heart problems.
D．Testing new drugs is hard because of the side effects.
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Now, it is winter and as you have probably noticed, virus are everywhere—runny noses, sore throats, nothing quite like the common cold to make you feel so uncomfortable. But experts believe that there is no link between cold weather and catching colds. So why are we particularly easy to catch colds this season
Internal Medicine expert, Dr Meenakshi Jain of Max Hospital says, "One reason could be that people are likely to stay indoors, so the virus can spread easily. Also the virus grows strong and healthy under wet conditions."
The common cold can be caused by any of up to 250 kinds of virus. The most common group of them is the kind of virus that hits the nose, which is called rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses cause a third and a half of all common colds.
"This kind of virus is spread through the nose and respiratory passages (呼吸道)，by touch, and by contact with particles (微粒) in the air that are created by sneezing or coughing," says Dr Jain.
There is no way to treat the common cold. However, there are some tips that can help. Wash your hands regularly, so that germs get killed. Don't touch your eyes, nose or mouth, which can limit your chances of infection (传染). Don't share drinking glasses with anyone as this will prevent the spread of the virus. Drink lots of water. Make sure to eat enough fruits to boost your immune system (免疫系统). Get enough sleep and you'll certainly become stronger.
12．What does the writer think will make you suffer most
A．The common cold. B．The winter.
C．Sore throats. D．Runny noses.
13．A third and a half of all common colds are caused by _____.
A．the cold weather in the winter B．the condition of the human body
C．the virus that hits people's nose D．the warm temperature in the room
14．The underlined word "boost" in the last paragraph probably means _____.
A．damage B．treat C．change D．improve
15．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to tell us _____.
A．some ways for the virus to spread
B．the common cold can not be treated
C．exercise is important to people's health
D．some tips on how to keep the cold away
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）任务型阅读
Ways to protect eyes from screens
Too much screen time may cause serious eye strain (眼疲劳) and even a sharp decline of eyesight. That's a big problem a lot of people are faced with nowadays, especially those who work on a computer. The following tips may be helpful.
Get regular eye tests
Experts recommend having a comprehensive eye exam every year to detect (探测）problems before they develop. During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer. 　16． 　 Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.
Give your eyes space
The closer your phone/computer screen is to your eyes, the harder they have to work to focus.　17． 　 If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.
Take breaks
This may not always be practical if you're quite busy，but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. 　18． 　 While surveys have shown that many office workers take no more than half an hour a day away from their computer, it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen.
　19． 　
Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the "20-20-20 rule"—looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. 　20． 　
A. Exercise your eyes. B. Give your eyes a chance to rest. C. Make your screen more eye-friendly. D. Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness. E. You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work. F. Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough. G. Studies on eye strain suggest that computer screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face.
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Employees at a restaurant in Ohio received a Christmas gift when a customer left a 5,600-dollar tip for all the employees to divide. The 21． was dining when he left the 22． tip for all 28 employees. After 23． it, each employee took $ 200 home.
"My eyes are 24． now talking about it," said Salloukh, the owner of the restaurant. "My employees become my family and everyone 25． each other. Many employees weren't able to 26． a Christmas tree because of the pandemic(传染病). The large tip made that 27． , which gave us a lot of 28． It is just a beautiful thing to do for 28 29． you don't even know."
Salloukh began to 30． his restaurant when he was 25 years old, and like many other business owners, was 31． to keep it alive due to COVID-19. It's reported that 100,000 restaurants had 32． so far in September2020. About 60% of these businesses that came to an end during the pandemic will never reopen, and restaurants have 33． most. "Then suddenly this gentleman came in and 34． us a 5,600-dollar tip for all our employees. We are 35． for what he did," added Salloukh.
21．A．owner B．guest C．visitor D．tourist
22．A．massive B．extra C．usual D．small
23．A．donating B．counting C．giving D．dividing
24．A．hurting B．watering C．injuring D．rolling
25．A．smiles
at B．hugs C．cares about D．contacts
26．A．afford B．plant C．decorate D．remove
27．A．necessary B．possible C．meaningful D．practical
28．A．confidence B．influence C．chance D．hope
29．A．foreigners B．customers C．strangers D．experts
30．A．run B．fix C．design D．establish
31．A．unwilling B．hoping C．refusing D．struggling
32．A．advanced B．survived C．closed D．existed
33．A．changed B．increased C．benefited D．suffered
34．A．requested B．offered C．cheated D．supplied
35．A．thankful B．happy C．eager D．thirsty
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A six-minute performance featuring Chinese Kung Fu and Chinese folk dances 　36． 　 (amaze) thousands of people at New York City's Times Square Friday night by kicking off one of the 　37． 　 (famous) New Year's Eve countdowns around the globe.
Co-organized by the Sino-American Friendship Association and the Times Square Alliance, the performance brought traditional Chinese culture alive with flowing 　38． 　 (move) of Taijiquan blending firmness with softness and the magnificence of Shaolin Kung Fu.
"The martial art is so cool! The cultural elements helped me understand more about China." said Victoria Christensen, a pharmacy technician, who had traveled here from Nebraska 　39． 　 (specific) for the celebration.
Chinese Consul General in New York Huang Ping, 　40． 　 made brief remarks before the show, said that he sincerely invites the world to visit China and enjoy the splendid landscapes and rich culture.
The hours-long event ended 　41． 　 a 60-second countdown to the new year. Cheers and confetti filled the square when the traditional midnight drop of a multi-colored crystal ball signaled the start of 2022.
The history of New Year's Eve countdown at Times Square 　42． 　 (date) back more than 100 years. After banning visitors from the event a year ago due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Big Apple rang in 2022 on a smaller scale as COVID-19 infections continue 　43． 　 (increase) in the city and around the nation. 　44． 　 (base) on the latest statistics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the current seven-day average daily increase of confirmed cases in the United States reached more than 316.000.
New York City's new mayor, Eric Adams, took the oath of office in Times Square early Saturday shortly after the ball dropped. He detailed 　45． 　 plan for battling COVID-19 to start 2022 on Thursday.
五、写作（共两节，满分40分）
46．（2023高一下·德阳开学考）
假设你是李华，请你按照以下要点写一篇作文分享你学习英语的经验。
要点：1）表达很荣幸分享经验；2）学习语法的经验；3）学习英语的乐趣；
4）学习英语需要耐心和大量的运用与实践；5）结尾。
47．（2023高一下·德阳开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。
Vilma Washington was a nurse in Lucile Packard Children's Hospital in Palo Alto, California. She has worked there for twenty-eight years. Since she came to the hospital, she has helped tens of thousands of premature babies come to the world.
Mrs. Washington was a mother of four children and had a happy family. Her husband was an engineer and worked in a big company. The only child at home was Mikel, who was in his high school. Every day, Mrs. Washington would get up at six, cook for breakfast for her husband and son, and then drive the baby to school before she went to work.
Her husband got good salaries and the family didn't need her to earn money. But she still kept her work as a nurse, because she liked the work very much. She was a senior nurse in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (新生儿特护中心) to care for premature babies and was respected by all the doctors and nurses in the hospital. Patients, as well as doctors and nurses, came and left from the hospital, but she continued to work in the same hospital and even the same unit. Since it was one of the best children's hospitals in the area, there were always more than enough patients. The work in the unit was naturally tough. Once you got into the nurse station, it was hard to find a chance to put yourself in a chair.
But Mrs. Washington never complained about the job. Instead, she enjoyed it, "I enjoyed the moment when a baby comes to the world with my help," she said. "I like to see the happy and excited expressions on the parents' faces and hear the beautiful first cry of a baby." All the patients liked her. Every Christmas, she could receive countless cards, most of which were from her patients.
This Monday, a new doctor came to work in her unit of the hospital. He was a handsome young man. When Mrs. Washington saw the name on his name tag－Brandon Seminatore, something suddenly hit her.
"Do you live in Handwood Street and your father is a bus driver " she asked.
He told his parents about Mrs. Washington after going home that day.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．D
3．A
【知识点】主旨大意题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文；其他类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了改掉坏习惯的一些建议。
【点评】考查阅读理解。这篇文章相对来说比较简单，主要考查了细节理解题和主旨大意题两种考试的题型，在做细节理解题的时候，关键是要对文章的细节把控要到位，需要认真阅读，在做主旨大意题的时候，主要是要把文章通读一遍，掌握好中心思想。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“ If you are fat and want to lose weight, keep junk food out of your house.（如果你很胖，想减肥，就不要吃垃圾食品。）”可知，如果想减肥就应该拒绝垃圾食品。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的”Bad habits develop over years, so you probably won't be able to get rid of them quickly.（坏习惯是多年来养成的，所以你可能无法很快改掉。）“可知选项A”要在短时间内改掉坏习惯并不容易。“是正确的；根据文章第二段中的” Write down why you want to stop a certain behavior, how it's hurting you and how to get rid of it. This will help a lot. Look at that list regularly.（写下你为什么要停止某一行为，它是如何伤害你的，以及如何摆脱它。这会有很大帮助。定期查看该列表。）“可知选项B”你可以写下改掉坏习惯的原因。“是正确的；根据文章最后一段中的“ When you talk to others, they might be able to provide advice or encouragement that you usually wouldn't get from yourself.（当你与他人交谈时，他们可能会提供你通常无法从自己身上得到的建议或鼓励。）”可知选项C“与他人交谈时，你可以得到你自己得不到的东西”是正确的；而选项D“与他人交谈时，你可以从自己身上得到你无法得到的东西。”文章中没有提到。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的”Here's some advice on how to get rid of bad habits.（这里有一些关于如何改掉坏习惯的建议。）“可知，文章主要介绍了改掉坏习惯的一些建议，也就是说，文章中你可以了解到如何摆脱坏习惯。故选A。
【答案】4．C
5．B
6．A
7．B
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；观点态度题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了16岁的英国女孩Alam因改编著名的童话故事《灰姑娘》成歌剧后成名的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解。做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择，在做词义猜测题的时候，要结构上下文的语境，在做观点态度题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
4．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的"However, Alma's abilities only gained international attention in 2012, after a family friend posted a video online comparing her to Mozart. （然而，阿尔玛的能力在2012年才获得国际关注，因为一位家庭朋友在网上发布了一段视频，将她与莫扎特进行了比较。）"以及最后一段中的"Alma does not want to be compared to the famous artist either, saying "There was only one Mozart, and I prefer to be little Alma." （阿尔玛也不想和这位著名的艺术家相提并论，她说："只有一个莫扎特，我更想成为小阿尔玛。"）"可知 Alma的才华被用来与莫扎特作比较，而非远远超过了莫扎特。故选C。
5．词义猜测题。根据文章第2段中的"Alma's opera based on the classic fairy tale（阿尔玛根据经典童话改编的歌剧）"以及" Her Cinderella is a musician who meets her Prince Charming, a poet through a song.（她的灰姑娘是一位音乐家，通过一首歌结识了她的白马王子，一位诗人。）"可知，Alma根据经典故事《灰姑娘》稍作改动，改编了歌剧。twist与change是近义词，表示"变化、改动"，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的"In my Cinderella, she sings the beginning of a ballad—but at midnight she flees. Eventually, the prince finds her after asking all the girls of the country to sing the end of the ballad.（在《我的灰姑娘》中，她唱起了一首歌谣的开头，但在午夜她却逃走了。最终，王子在要求全国所有女孩唱完这首歌谣的结尾后找到了她。）"可知，在Alam的《灰姑娘》中，灰姑娘通过一首歌邂逅了她的白马王子。故选A。
7．观点态度题。根据文章倒数第二段中的"This nickname makes her parents unhappy because they believe it puts added pressure on the young girl. They would instead prefer her to be called "a composer and musician"（这个绰号让她的父母不高兴，因为他们认为这会给这个小女孩增加压力。相反，他们更希望她被称为"作曲家和音乐家"）"可知，Alam的父母对于她的出名是担忧的。故选B。
【答案】8．A
9．D
10．B
11．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现体重是否增加受基因因素的影响，但体重过重的人可能患有高血压和心脏病等疾病的风险，因此我们应该经常锻炼，合理饮食。
【点评】考查阅读理解。注意要对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“However, scientists are beginning to believe that some people get the ability to stay thin from their parents.（然而，科学家们开始相信，有些人从父母那里获得了保持苗条的能力。）”以及第三段中的“Scientists concluded that weight gain seemed to be influenced by genetic (基因的) factors. （科学家得出结论，体重增加似乎受到遗传因素的影响。）”可知，科学家认为有些人能够保持苗条是因为基因的因素。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Meanwhile, other people eat more than they need but their bodies are able to "burn off" the extra food without making fat, so they rarely have weight problems.（同时，其他人吃得比他们需要的多，但他们的身体能够“燃烧”掉多余的食物而不产生脂肪，因此他们很少有体重问题。） ”可知，有些人不需要担心体重问题，因为他们的身体能够“燃烧”掉多余的食物而不产生脂肪，故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“In the United States, over seventy percent of the population have weight problems. This means they are at risk of illness such as high blood pressure and heart disease.（在美国，超过70%的人口有体重问题。这意味着他们有患高血压和心脏病等疾病的风险。）”可推知，有体重问题的人可能患有心脏病。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Therefore, despite this breakthrough in the study of weight-loss drugs, scientists and health professionals all agree that currently the best way to control weight gain is to have a healthy, balanced diet and an active lifestyle with daily exercise.（因此，尽管在减肥药物研究方面取得了突破，但科学家和健康专家都一致认为，目前控制体重增加的最佳方法是拥有健康、均衡的饮食和积极的生活方式，并进行日常锻炼。）”可推知，我们应该经常坚持锻炼，合理饮食。故选B。
【答案】12．A
13．C
14．D
15．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；日常生活类；说明文；医疗保健类；其他类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冬季易患感冒的原因，病毒传播的方式以及预防感冒的小窍门。
【点评】考查阅读理解。这是一篇说明文，该内容与生活息息相关，对于考生来说也是会产生共鸣的，所以考生在做题之前可以先通读文章，掌握住文章的中心思想，然后根据考试题型的特点，去文章中寻找答案。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Now, it is winter and as you have probably noticed, virus are everywhere—runny noses, sore throats, nothing quite like the common cold to make you feel so uncomfortable.（现在是冬天，你可能已经注意到，病毒到处都是，流鼻涕，喉咙痛，没有什么比普通感冒更让你感到不舒服的了。）”可知，作者认为没有什么比普通感冒更让你感到不舒服的了，也就是说，普通感冒会让你最痛苦，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The most common group of them is the kind of virus that hits the nose, which is called rhinovirus. Rhinoviruses cause a third and a half of all common colds.（其中最常见的一类是击中鼻子的病毒，称为鼻病毒。在所有普通感冒中，三分之一到一半是由鼻病毒引起的。）”可知，三分之一到一半的普通感冒是由病毒袭击人的鼻子引起的。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“ Make sure to eat enough fruits（确保吃足够的水果）”可知，吃足够的水果能够增强免疫力，“improve”意思是“改进，改善”，符合句意，故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中的“There is no way to treat the common cold. However, there are some tips that can help.（没有办法治疗普通感冒。然而，有一些提示可以帮助您。）”可知，最后一段主要介绍了一些预防感冒的方法，因此，在最后一段中作者主要想告诉我们一些如何预防感冒的小窍门。故选D。
【答案】16．E；17．G；18．B；19．A；20．D
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今许多人面临。的一个大问题—经常面对电子屏幕导致眼睛疲劳，文章提出了几种保护眼睛免受屏幕伤害的方法。
A. Exercise your eyes.锻炼你的眼睛。
B. Give your eyes a chance to rest.给你的眼睛一个休息的机会。
C. Make your screen more eye-friendly.使您的屏幕更便于观看。
D. Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness.研究表明，这是减少疲劳的有效方法。
E. You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work.你也应该在工作时测量眼睛到屏幕的距离。
F. Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough.确保在光线充足的房间使用手机或电脑。
G. Studies on eye strain suggest that computer screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face.对眼睛疲劳的研究表明，电脑屏幕离你的脸不应超过40厘米。
【点评】考查任务型阅读。考生可以在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
16．根据空前的"During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer.（在这个测试中，你应该告诉医生你使用手机和电脑的频率。）"以及根据空后的"Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.（告诉你的医生这件事，你的眼睛就能在这个距离上得到更准确的检测。）"可知该空应该是在描述眼睛到手机或者电脑屏幕的距离。选项E"You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work."符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用，故选E。
17．根据空后的"If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.（如果这使您难以阅读，请考虑增加文本的大小，而不是将屏幕移动得更近。）"可知该空是在描述眼睛到屏幕的距离，选项G"Studies on eye strain suggest that computer screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face."符合语境，故选G。
18．根据空前的"This may not always be practical if you're quite busy，but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. （如果你很忙，这可能并不总是实用的，但不要长时间直视屏幕很重要。）"可知该空是在描述眼睛也是需要休息的，选项B" Give your eyes a chance to rest."符合语境，故选B。
19．根据空后的"Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the "20-20-20 rule"—looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. （连续数小时盯着屏幕可能会让你难以集中注意力。为了避免这种情况，许多眼科专家推荐了"20-20-20法则"——每20分钟从手机/电脑屏幕上移开一次，并将注意力集中在至少20英尺外的物体上至少20秒。）"可知这段是在描述如何让眼睛得到更好的休息与锻炼，选项A"Exercise your eyes."符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前的"The science behind his trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. （他的技巧背后的科学是，在远处看物体会放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉。）"可知这种技巧对于让眼睛放松是有效果的，选项D"Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness."符合语境，故选D。
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．C；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．C；33．D；34．B；35．A
【知识点】日常生活类；人生百味类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了俄亥俄州一家餐厅的员工收到了一份圣诞礼物，一名顾客留下了一笔5600美元的小费，让所有员工平分，这些小费足以让这些员工在受疫情严重影响的情况下过个美好的圣诞节，餐厅老板和员工对此表示感谢。
【点评】考查完形填空。考生在做题的时候，可以先跳过设空处，把文章通读一遍，了解其大概的意思，然后根据每个小题的各个选项的意思以及设空处所在的上下文的具体语境来选出最佳选项。
21．句意：客人在用餐时给所有28名员工留下了巨额小费。A.owner 拥有者；B.guest 客人；C.visitor 参观者 ；D.tourist 旅行者 。根据前文的"when a customer left a 5,600-dollar tip for all the employees to divide.（当一位顾客给所有员工留下5600美元的小费时。）"，可知一位客人留下了巨额的小费，故选B。
22．句意：客人在用餐时给所有28名员工留下了巨额小费。 A.massive 巨大的 ；B.extra 额外的 ；C.usual 通常的 ；D.small 小型的 。根据第二段中的"The large tip "可知，这笔小费的数额是巨大的。故选A。
23．句意：平分之后，每位员工拿了200美元回家。A.donating 捐赠 ；B.counting 计算 ；C.giving 赠送 ；D.dividing 分配 。根据第一段中的" for all the employees to divide"可知，这笔小费是在员工之间分配的。故选D。
24．句意：餐馆老板萨鲁克说:"现在说起这件事，我都热泪盈眶了。"A.hurrying 匆忙的 ；B.watering 充满水的；C.injuring 伤害的 ；D.rolling 旋转的。根据空前的"my eyes"可知Salloukh因为这笔小费而感动，所以眼里充满泪水。故选B。
25．句意：我的员工就像我的家人，每个人都互相关心。A.smiles at 对……微笑 ；B.hugs 拥抱 ；C.cares about 担心 ；D.contacts 联系 。根据空前的"My employees become my family …"可知所有员工就像家人一样，所以他们互相关心。故选C。
26．句意：由于疫情，许多员工买不起圣诞树。A.afford 买得起 ；B.plant 栽种 ；C.decorate 装饰 ；D.remove 移开 。根据空后的"because of the pandemic"可知，由于疫情的影响，餐厅生意不景气，很多员工都买不起圣诞树。故选A。
27．句意：巨额小费让这一切成为可能，这给了我们很大的希望。A.necessary 必需的 ；B.possible可能的；C.meaningful有意义的；D.practical实际的。根据空前的"Many employees weren't able to 6 a Christmas tree because of the pandemic(传染病). "可知大笔的小费让员工过一个美好的圣诞节成为可能。故选B。
28．句意：巨额小费让这一切成为可能，这给了我们很大的希望。A.confidence自信；B.influence影响；C.chance机会；D.hope希望。根据语境可知，有了这笔小费，那些员工就可以买礼物和圣诞树了，这对于他们来说就是充满了希望。故选D。
29．句意：为28个你甚至不认识的陌生人做这件事是一件很美好的事情。A.foreigners外国人；B.customers顾客；C.strangers陌生人；D.experts专家。根据空后的"you don't even know."可知，这28名员工对于客人来说都是陌生人。故选C。
30．句意：Salloukh在25岁时开始经营他的餐厅，和其他许多企业主一样，由于新冠肺炎，他一直在努力维持餐厅的运营。A.run经营；B.fix修理；C.design设计；D.establish建立。根据下文的"and like many other business owners, was 11 to keep it alive due to COVID-19. It's reported that 100,000 restaurants had"可知Salloukh 25 岁的时候开始经营他的餐厅。故选A。
31．句意：Salloukh在25岁时开始经营他的餐厅，和其他许多企业主一样，由于新冠肺炎，他一直在努力维持餐厅的运营。A.unwilling不情愿；B.hoping 希望 ；C.refusing拒绝；D.struggling挣扎，努力。根据空后的" keep it alive due to COVID-19"可知，他艰难地维持他的生存。故选D。
32．句意：据报道，截至2020年9月，已有10万家餐厅幸存。A. advanced发展 ；B. survived幸存 ；C.closed（ 使）关闭 ；D. existed生存 。根据下文的"About 60% of these businesses that came to an end during the pandemic will never reopen（在疫情期间结束的这些企业中，约60%将永远不会重新开业）"可知，受疫情影响，很多餐厅关门了。故选C。
33．句意：在大流行期间结束的这些业务中，大约60%将永远不会重新开业，而餐馆遭受的损失最大。A. changed 改变；B. increased 增加；C. benefited受益 ；D.suffered 遭受 。根据空前的"About 60% of these businesses that came to an end during the pandemic will never reopen（在疫情期间结束的这些企业中，约60%将永远不会重新开业）"可知，餐厅受到的损失最大。故选D。
34．句意：突然，这位先生走进来，骗了我们5600美元的小费给我们所有的员工。A. requested要求 ；B.offered 资源给予 ；C. cheated欺骗 ；D. supplied提供 。根据第一段中的"Employees at a restaurant in Ohio received a Christmas gift when a customer left a 5,600-dollar tip for all the employees to divide. （俄亥俄州一家餐厅的员工收到了一份圣诞礼物，一位顾客给所有员工留下了5600美元的小费，让他们分。）"可知，那位客人"给我们小费"，所以用offer，故选B。
35．句意：我们感谢他所做的一切。A.thankful 感谢的 ；B.happy 快乐的 ；C.eager 热切的 ；D.thirsty 口渴的 。根据整篇文章的意思可知这位客人的小费对员工的生活起到了很好的帮助的作用，所以此处应该是充满感激之情的。故选A。
【答案】36．amazed；37．most famous；38．moves；39．specifically；40．who；41．in；42．dates；43．to increase；44．Based；45．a
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约时代广场上一场6分钟的中国功夫和中国民间舞蹈表演震惊了成千上万的观众，也让外国了解了中国文化。
【点评】考查语法填空。语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
36．句意：周五晚，纽约时代广场上一场6分钟的中国功夫和中国民间舞蹈表演震惊了成千上万的观众，拉开了全球最著名的新年倒数之一。分析句子可知，提示词是句子谓语动词，与主语A six-minute performance之间是主动关系，根据时间状语 Friday night可知，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故答案为 amazed 。
37．句意：周五晚，纽约时代广场上一场6分钟的中国功夫和中国民间舞蹈表演震惊了成千上万的观众，拉开了全球最著名的新年倒数之一。固定结构"one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数"表示"最……之一"，famous是双章节形容词，最高级为most famous。故答案为most famous。
38．句意：演出由中美友好协会和时代广场联盟联合主办，以刚柔相济的太极拳流畅的动作和少林功夫的恢弘气势，生动地展现了中国传统文化。根据空格前形容词flowing可知，应填入名词move作宾语，结合句意，句中指太极拳的动作，是复数概念，应用复数名词。故答案为moves。
39．句意：药剂师维多利亚·克里斯滕森(Victoria Christensen)说，她特地从内布拉斯加州赶来参加庆祝活动。修饰动词traveled用副词specifcally，意为"特意，专门地"。故答案为specifically。
40．句意：中国驻纽约总领事黄平在开幕式前发表了简短讲话，他表示，他真诚邀请世界各国人民到中国旅游，欣赏中国灿烂的风景和丰富的文化。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Huang Ping，指人，先行词在定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故答案为who 。
41．句意：长达数小时的活动在新年倒计时60秒中结束。根据句意，应使用介词in构成介词短语作时间状语，表示"在倒计时60秒中"。故答案为in。
42．句意：时代广场新年倒计时的历史可以追溯到100多年前。分析句子可知，提示词是句子谓语动词，固定短语date back为被动语态，意为"追溯到"，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语 history为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为dates。
43．句意：一年前，由于新冠肺炎疫情，纽约曾禁止游客参加该活动，但随着新冠肺炎感染在纽约和全国各地持续增加，纽约在2022年以较小的规模组织了新年倒计时。固定短语 continue to do继续做某事。故答案为to increase 。
44．句意：根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的最新统计，目前美国新增确诊病例7天平均每天超过31.6万例。分析句子可知，提示词是非谓语动词，base...on...为固定搭配，意为"以……基础/根据"，与其逻辑主语the current seven-day average daily increase之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词表表被动，作状语，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故答案为Based 。
45．句意：他昨天详细说明了从2022年开始的新冠肺炎疫情应对计划。可数名词plan是单数形式，表示"一个计划"，泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且plan发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定定冠词a限定。故答案为a。
46．【答案】One possible version:
It's my greatest honor/privilege to share some of my thoughts on learning English with you all.
To begin with, there is a common misunderstanding that learning English is all about learning grammar, which is especially true for/of students who grew up with strict grammar schooling. Remember that you only study grammar in order to communicate. So don't be bothered with it.
From my point of view, learning English is always easier and more fun if you have a reason to do so. Be sure to remain focused on that reason, since it will help you get through the times when learning seems hard.
Obviously, there's no magic way to learn English instantly. It just requires patience and practice. It is highly recommended that we practice reading and speaking on a daily basis.
Hopefully, what I have mentioned above can be of some help. Thank you!
【知识点】提纲作文
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文，要求考生以"李华"的身份写一篇作文分享其学习英语的经验。本篇书面表达的要点包括：1）表达很荣幸分享经验；2）学习语法的经验；3）学习英语的乐趣；4）学习英语需要耐心和大量的运用与实践；5）结尾。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综台能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己孰悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：To begin with, there is a common misunderstanding that learning English is all about learning grammar, which is especially true for/of students who grew up with strict grammar schooling. 运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句和who引导的限制性定语从句。Hopefully, what I have mentioned above can be of some help. 运用了what引导的主语从句。
47．【答案】 "Do you live in Handwood Street and your father is a bus driver " she asked. "Yes, exactly. My parents still live in the street, but my father retired years ago," answered the young man. "So, that's right," Mrs. Washington said. It turned out that the young man was one of the babies she cared for twenty-eight years before his parents took him home. The young doctor was so happy and surprised to know this.
He told his parents about Mrs. Washington after going home that day. Mr. And Mrs. Seminatore were more than happy. The following day, they went to the unit to meet Mrs. Washington who had helped their son. They took the picture that was kept for many years with them, on which was their son in Mrs. Washington's arms. The unit was filled with great delight that day. The meeting of patients and nurses eventually became a big party! A lot of people gathered to witness the reunion after twenty-eight years. Mrs. Washington was especially excited." As a nurse," she said, "it's really a kind of reward for me."
【知识点】读后续写
【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，Vilma Washington是新生儿特护中心护理早产儿的高级护士，受到医院所有医生和护士的尊敬，所有的病人都喜欢她。一天，一位名叫Brandon Seminatore的新医生来她所在的医院工作，当华盛顿夫人看到他的姓名牌上的名字，她突然想到了什么。由第一段首句内容""Do you live in Handwood Street and your father is a bus driver " she asked.（"你住在汉伍德街，你父亲是一名公共汽车司机吗？"她问道。）"可知，第一段可描写Washington女士同新医生Brandon之间的对话场景和 Washington关于这个新医生的回忆，原来，这个年轻人是28年前她照顾的婴儿之一。由第二段首句内容"He told his parents about Mrs. Washington after going home that day.（那天回家后，他把Washington女士的事告诉了父母。）"可知，第二段可描写新医生 Brandon回到家告知父母此事时他们的反应，以及全家对Washington女士的感激。本题对于考生的综台能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己孰悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。仔细审题，明确续写要求。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。本篇读后续写，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：The following day, they went to the unit to meet Mrs. Washington who had helped their son.运用了who引导的定语从句。They took the picture that was kept for many years with them, on which was their son in Mrs. Washington's arms. 运用了that引导的定语从句和"介词+which"引导的非限制性定语从句。
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