人教版（2019）高 选择性必修第三册 Unit4 Adversity and Courage 单元考点突破学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit4 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. turn sb. down拒绝(某人)
【原句再现】
However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. (教材原句P38)
【词块积累】
turn down 把声音调小；拒绝
turn up 出现；到场；开大；调高音量
turn around/round 转身
turn out 证明是；结果是
turn to ….转向…；求助于…；查阅
turn over 翻转；移交
turn on/off 打开/关闭(开关)
turn in 上交
turn into ….变成…
【精品例句】
I am afraid our boss will turn me down.
我害怕我老板会拒绝我。
He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.
到目前为止他申请的十份工作都遭到了拒绝。
Do you think I should turn down his offer
你认为我应该拒绝他的报价吗？
【高考链接】
It turned ______ that she was a friend of my sister. (陕西卷) (out)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I thanked him for the offer but turned it ______．(down)
He would turn _______ at meetings. (up)
2. qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
【原句再现】
However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified. (教材原句P38)
【词块积累】
qualify v. 使具备资格
be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
be qualified for …具备……资格的；适合担任……的
qualification n. 资格；资历
【精品例句】
The government has given qualified support to the idea.
政府对这一想法给予了适当的支持。
Demand has far outstripped supply of qualified teachers.
对有资格教师的需求远远超过了供应。
The lady is ideally qualified for the job.
这位女士最适合做这项工作。
【高考链接】
They don't know much about it，so they aren’t qualified ______ (argue) about it．(山东卷)
(to argue)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He has no ______ (qualify) for this job. (qualification)
He knew he was not _______ (qualify) to be a teacher. (qualified)
3. abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
【原句再现】
Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. (教材原句P38)
【词块积累】
abandoned adj.　废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的
abandon oneself to(doing) sth. 纵情/沉溺于(做)某事
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
with abandon 放任地；放纵地；纵情地
【精品例句】
The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces.
他们不得不舍弃土地，让侵略军占领。
【高考链接】
They are considering abandoning ________ (smoke) soon. (smoking) (青海卷) (finding)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Rescuers _________ (abandon) all the hope of finding any more survivors since last week. (have abandoned)
At the sad news，he abandoned _____ (he) to despair. (himself)
4. belongings n．财物；动产
【原句再现】
We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. (教材原句P38)
【词块积累】
belonging n. 归属
a sense of belonging 归属感
belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
belong to sth. 是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员，是(某族类或纲目)的一部分
【精品例句】
She packed her few belongings in a bag and left.
她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。
她在那场火灾中失去了所有财产。
She lost all her belongings in the fire.
Many of her personal belongings had been stolen.
她的许多私人财物都被偷走了。
【高考链接】
As parents we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of ______ (belong)． (全国卷) (belonging)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They belonged ______ a younger generation. (to)
5. hold on稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断
【原句再现】
Hold on now，Perce. (教材原句P39)
【词块积累】
hold up 支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫
hold on to …抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold back 阻挡；阻拦；隐瞒；控制
hold down 压制；限制
hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；忍耐
【精品例句】
Can you hold on？I'll see if he's here.
等一下行吗？我去看看他在不在。
Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.
简决心要守住自己的财产。
Hold on for a minute，I've just got to put on my make up.
等一会儿，我得化妆一下。
【高考链接】
The chair is too weak to hold _______ such a fat man. (河北卷) (up)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Can you hold on _____ those tickets for me (to)
6. furniture n. 家具
【原句再现】
It took him a lot of vigor/energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house. (教材原句P40)
【词块积累】
a piece of furniture一件家具
furnish vt. 装修；布置，设置；提供；供应
furnish sth.with sth. 用……布置……
furnish sb./sth.with sth.＝furnish sth.to sb./sth. 为某人/某物提供某物
be furnished with …..备有；安装有
furnished adj. 备有家具的
【精品例句】
Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house.
他们家的每件家具都与房子的风格相称。
We need to buy some new furniture.
我们需要买一些新家具。
The wood is too soft to make furniture.
这种木料太软了，不适合用来做家具。
【高考链接】
The house is crammed with priceless ___________ (furnish) and works of art. (甘肃卷) (furniture)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Eleanor moved into a small _______ (furnish) apartment. (furnished)
Many proprietors (业主) try to furnish their houses _____ antiques. (with)
7. application n. 申请；申请书；申请表
【原句再现】
Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough. (教材原句P40)
【词块积累】
apply v. 申请；应用，运用，使用；努力，使专注于…；手压，脚踩；涂; 敷；
对…适用/有效
applicant n. 申请人； 应征者
a job application 求职申请
submit an application 提交申请
fill in /out an application 填写申请表
apply for a job/passport/visa申请工作/护照/签证
apply to sb./sth. for sth. 向某人或某单位申请…
apply oneself to sth./doing sth. 专注于某事/做某事
apply the brakes踩刹车
【精品例句】
He applied to a university. 他向一所大学提出了申情
It is also a good idea to apply something as soon as you learn it学了就用也是个好主意
The new technology was applied to farming 这项制技术被应用于农业
Apply the cream evenly to your face and neck.将乳霜均匀地涂抹于你的面部和颈部
He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.他按住伤口以减少流血,直到警察和救护车赶到。
【高考链接】
He applied to Nadia Boulanger, the well-known musician, for composition study. （山东卷.完型）
If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. （山东卷.语法填空）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Over the next months, he applied himself to ______(improve) the technique. (improving)
We applied to the famous company _____ some positions at last. (for)
8. amaze vt. 使大为吃惊; 使感到惊愕
【原句再现】
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to (教材P38)
【词块积累】
amazement n.惊愕;惊讶
amazed adj.吃惊的;惊奇的
amazing adj.令人惊异的
(be) amazed to do sth
(be) amazed at/ by
【精品例句】
Her knowledge amazes me. 她的学识令我吃惊
I was amazed how little he had changed.我很惊讶他竟然没怎么改变
I'm amazed to hear from my school teacher again. 再次收到老师的 来信让我很吃惊。
Anyway, I'm amazed at / by the progress you've made.
总之,我对你取得的进步感到惊讶
【高考链接】
Little Tom sat ____________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.(四川新课改卷) (amazed)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is really _________ (amaze) that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school. (福建卷) (amazing)
9. manage vt&vi管理; 经营; 设法做成; 努力完成; 控制; 对付; 合理地利用(金钱、时间等) ; 支撑; 凑合着活下去
【原句再现】
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
manage a factory / bank / soccer team管理工厂/银行/足球队
sb. manage to do sth. = sb. succeed in sth./doing sth. = sb. be successful in sth./doing sth.某人成功（设法做成）某事
management n. 经营; 管理
manager n. 经理; 管理人
the general manager 总经理
【精品例句】
We need people who are good at managing. 我们需要擅长管理的人
I don't know how she manages on her own with four kids.
我真不知道她一个人是怎么养活四个孩子的
Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.
如果掌控不够小心，小帆船极易侧翻
It's hard to manage so naughty a child. 对付这样淘气的孩子不容易
You need to learn to manage your time more effectively.
你应该学会更有效地利用自己的时间。
He has to manage on less than $100 a week.他只好靠每周不到100美元来维持生活
辨析： manage, try
manage强调结果，表示经过一番努力之后做成某事
How do you manage to stay so slim 你是怎么保持这么苗条的
I finally managed to push the huge animal away. 我终于把这个庞大的动物推走了
try强调动作，不表示结果如何
The enemy tried to capture the city but failed. 敌人企图占领城市 ，但失败了
"I'll try to get downtown this afternoon but I don' know if I can make it.
今天下午我想去市中心， 但不知是否能去成
A business can't do well without good management. 没有好的管理生意就做不好
【高考链接】
Your house is always so neat -- how do you _____it with three children (山东卷)
manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
After countless interviews, I managed ___________ (stand) out among the candidates and survive the test alone. (广东课改卷) (to stand)
10. sudden adj. 突然的；意外的
【原句再现】
However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
suddenly adv. 突然地，意外地
a sudden decision/increase 突然的决定/增长
a sudden turn in/on the road 路上的急转弯
all of sudden = all on a sudden=on a sudden=on the sudden突然，冷不防
a sudden attack 一次突袭
sudden death 突然死亡
【精品例句】
They were watching TV when all of a sudden the power went out.
他们正在看电视，突然停电了
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
就在我们要离开时，突然下起了大雨
He was sudden in his action. 他的行为出人意料
Suddenly he was shot by an arrow. 突然，他被一支箭射中
【高考链接】
All ____ a sudden, he was pushed forward. ( 陕西卷) (on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These people in the street shouted ______ (sudden). (suddenly)
11. damage vt. 损害；损坏；n. 损坏；损害；损失；损害赔偿金
【原句再现】
It damaged our eyes and burnt our lings. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
storm damage to the trees 暴风雨对树木造成的损害
do/cause damage to…对….造成/引起损害
【精品例句】
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.他被车撞了，脑部严重损伤
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years.
问题显而易见; 多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园(全国卷)
The heavy rain had caused serious damage to the roof. 大雨严重损坏了房顶
He was ordered to pay damages of S30,000.他被责令支付3万美元的损害赔偿金
Don t damage your health for a good figure. 不要为了好身材而损害健康
My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt.
我的车受损严重，但庆幸的是孩子们伤得并不重
辨析：damage, destroy, ruin, spoil 四者都有“破坏”之意。 damage通常指部分性的损坏，往往指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，往往表示可以修复的破坏；destroy指彻底的毁坏、毁掉或毁灭，往往无法或很难修复；ruin强调“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，不能恢复。与spoil同义且常可换用，只是语气比spoil稍强; spoil强调“损坏”，与ruin同义，语气不如ruin强; 还有“宠坏”、“ 溺爱”之意
Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康
That town was destroyed in the earthquake.那个城镇在地震中毁掉了
He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
他碰翻了一瓶墨水，把那块桌布弄脏了
The bad weather ruined spoilt our trip. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行
She spoils those kids of hers. 她那几个孩子被她宠坏了
【高考链接】
The accident caused some to my car, but it's nothing serious. (辽宁卷)
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The earthquake did much damage ____ the village. (to)
12. imagine vt. 想象; 设想；胡思乱想; 误以为；料想;认为
【原句再现】
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
imagination n 想象; 想象力; 想象出来的事物; 幻想:
a creative/ vivid imagination创造性/生动的想象
be successful beyond imagination出乎意料地成功
imaginative adj. 富于想象力的; 爱想象的
imaginary adj.想象中的;虚构的
an imaginary world/ friend虚构的世界/假想的朋友
imagine (sb) doing sth
imagine + that / wh-从句
imagine...to be
【精品例句】
He’s letting his imagination fly.他正展开想象
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
想象力比知识更重要
You didn’t really see anything—it was only imagination.
实际上你什么也没看到，那只不过是个幻觉而已
Can you imagine life without electricity 你能想象没有电的生活会是什么样子吗
I can’t imagine living without TV! 我无法想象没有电视的生活!
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我几乎不能想象彼得五天之内横渡了大西洋
Try to imagine that you are all alone on a deserted island.
试着想象一下你孤身一人在荒岛上的情形
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.
我经常想象我将来的生活会是什么样子
I had imagined her to be older.我本以为她的年龄还要大一些
【高考链接】
-- Look! He's running so fast! --Hard to ____ his legs were once broken. (山东卷)
A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find ( B )
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is difficult to imagine his _____ (accept) the decision without any consideration.
(浙江卷) (accepting)
13. freeze vi & vt (froze，frozen) ;(使) 结冰; 冰冷; (人) 冻僵;(水管、机器等) 冻住; 冷冻; 冷藏; 僵住;不动
【原句再现】
The sweat could freeze very quickly. (教材P44)
【词块积累】
frozen adj.结冰的; 冷冻的; 冻僵的
freezing adj.极冷的; 冰冻的
freezing point冰点
above / below freezing在冰点以上/以下
freeze with…. 因……而呆住
freeze to death 冻死
freeze up (某物) 冻住；﹙因紧张、害怕或兴奋﹚不动，停住；惊呆；吓呆
【精品例句】
The lake was frozen over. 湖面封冻
Fresh water freezes at 0C. 淡水在摄氏零度结冰
It may freeze tonight, so bring those plants inside. 今晚大概很冷，所以把植物都搬进来。
Our water pipes froze (up) last winter.去年冬天 我们的水管子冻住了
Tomatoes don ' freeze well.番茄不宜冷冻
I'll buy extra meat and just freeze it.我要多买些肉冷冻起来
Freeze, or I’ll shoot! 不许动，否则我开枪了!
The cat froze when it saw the bird. 那只猫见了鸟， 一动不动
【高考链接】
The ____ (freeze) weather almost made us frozen. (湖北) (freezing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Two men ______ (freeze) to death o n the mountain that night. (were frozen)
●句型点拨
1. so...that...句型
【原句再现】
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard. (教材原句P38)
句式分析：本句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，后面跟形容词或副词。
【能力拓展】
※ so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句
※ so + a/an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
※ so + many/few + 复数可数名词 + that 从句
※ much/little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
※ such + a/an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
※ such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that 从句
※ such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that 从句
※ such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that 从句
【精品例句】
I am so tired that I want to sleep right now.
我是如此的累以至于我想马上睡觉。
Her parents gave her so many toys that she couldn't possibly play with them all.
她父母给了她那么多玩具，以至于她都玩不过来了。
The programme has been so organised that none of the talks overlap.
日程做了精心安排，以使每一讲都没有重复内容。
【高考链接】
George had _______ little money that he had to get a job. (陕西卷) (so)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It was ______ a bad accident that several people got injured. (such)
Light travels ______ fast that we can hardly imagine its speed. (so)
It is ______ an interesting book that all of us want to read. (such)
2. too...to...结构 “太……而不……”
【原句再现】
Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometers away--the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. (教材原句P39)
句式分析：本句中too...to...表示“太……而不能……”，too是副词，后面跟形容词或副词。
【能力拓展】
温馨告知：在下面结构中too...to...含有肯定意义：
※ 当too后的形容词是表示心情的形容词时，如glad，pleased，surprised，happy，eager，anxious等，此时，too相当于very或very much。
※ too...to...与never，not等连用时，也表示肯定意义。
【精品例句】
I'm too glad to meet you.
见到你我非常高兴。
It is never too late to mend．
亡羊补牢未为晚也。
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.
这道数学题太难我解不出来。
Sometimes the oil may be too thick to pour at all.
有时，油可能稠得一点也倒不出来。
The boy is still too young to go to school.
小男孩还太小不到上学年龄。
【高考链接】
You are never _______ late to learn English. (湖北卷) (too)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It's _______ far to get there on time. (too)
She was anxious ______ (buy) this dress. (to buy)
●现在完成进行时（详见语法课件）
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