2023届高考英语阅读理解之长难句分析 “一划二括三会意,读懂高考长难句“课件(共30张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语阅读理解之长难句分析 “一划二括三会意,读懂高考长难句“课件(共30张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-13 13:01:13 | ||
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(共30张PPT)
“一划二括三会意，读懂高考长难句”
阅读理解之长难句分析
Learning contents：
The formation of a long sentence.
Three steps to analyze a long sentence.
Exercises on long sentences.
Jack, the son of Mr. Smith, who owns 5 big business companies in USA, accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt in a clothes shop, where the girl works, and he soon fell in love with her, wishing to take care of her during the rest of his life.
Step1 Lead - in
长难句初体验
The trunk:
Jack met a girl and he fell in love with her
英语句子=主干+修饰
Step2
Matching game!
Ｓ+L+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）
Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
Ｓ+Ｖ+O1+Ｏ2（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
The sun rises.
The dinner is good.
Jack met a girl.
He brought you a dictionary.
They painted the door green.
Activity 1
Activity 2
Part 1:The formation of a long and complex sentence
Try to add more details to turn it into one complex sentence:
Jack met a girl.
Jack met a ...
Part 1: The formation of a long sentence
1. Jack met a girl.
2. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl.
3. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York.
4. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week.
+ adj./adv.
+ prep.
加形容词、副词，介词短语，名词
初阶难度
+ n.
Part 1: The formation of a long sentence
5. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt.
6. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt in a clothes shop, where the girl works.
7. Jack, the son of Mr. Smith, accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt in a clothes shop, where the girl works.
加从句，介词短语，同位语
中阶难度
Part 1: The formation of a long sentence
8. Jack, the son of Mr. Smith, who owns 5 big business companies in USA, accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt in a clothes shop, where the girl works, and he soon fell in love with her, wishing to take care of her during the rest of his life.
从4个单词的简单句到60个单词的长长长难难难句！
夹杂了同位语，定语从句，状语从句，并列句，非谓语结构，还有形容词、副词充当修饰语，名词短语和丰富的介词短语充当地点状语、时间状语、方式状语！
加并列句，非谓语
高阶难度
史密斯先生在美国拥有5家大公司，他的儿子杰克上星期在纽约的一家服装店买衬衫时，无意中遇到了一位漂亮的女孩，他很快就爱上了她，希望能照顾她一辈子
The English sentence
Trunk 主干成分
Leaves
&
Branches
修饰成分
adj.
介词短语
adv.
n.
从句
定从
同位语
非谓语
并列结构
状从
句子修饰成分:
英语中主要的有五种修饰成分,称为“三长两短"。它们是使句子变复杂的主要因素,再加上同样会使句子变复杂的“平行并列结构”,统称为“三长两短一并列"
（1）“三长”:介词短语、从句、非谓语
(2)“两短”:形容词/副词，名词/同位语
(3)一并列-----平行并列结构
由“并列词”and/ or/ but/ as well as/ not only... but alo../ both... and../
Part2
介词短语：一般从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词结束
After talking with LiHu on this matter for a long time from 2:00 t0 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office for a meeting with my boss about the problems with our new company in America.
非谓语和从句：
虽然二者有不同的开始标志，但结束是一致的。
【非谓语动词和从句的起止标识】
四种终止：
① 到句尾终止，
如：Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English).
Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English)
② 到句中的逗号终止，
如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio.
(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.
③ 到下一个修饰成分终止，
如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing. (to Beijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止)
Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)
④ 到下一个谓语动词终止.
如：Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
The bag ( gaved by my grandpa ) is yellow.
会了原理，如何翻译，可以用提问法：主干部分直接翻译，遇见三长画括号，提着问题往下顺，调字调序写中文。
Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China’s Henan Province,Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing,but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture,such as medicine and philosophy.
太极拳诞生于17世纪中期的河南省陈家沟小村庄里，它不仅是一种结合了慢动作和深呼吸的传统武术，而且深深植根于医学和哲学等中国文化的许多领域
Three steps to analyze a long sentence
一划 (二括) 三会意
一划: 划主干, 给S.V.O....划____。
二括: 给修饰成分（三长）加( )。
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，并列词圈 。
Activity 3
两短中一般只给同位语加（），形容词、副词较短且易于辨识，可不做标记！
1. Gengyuan is a teacher teaching English in Beiing which is the capital of China
一划: 划主干(trunk), 给主谓宾.(S.V.O.)划___。
耿元是一位在中国首都北京教英语的老师
1. Two authors of the review made a study published in 2014 which showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全国一卷语法填空)
二括: 给修饰语(modifiers)介短, 非谓和从句加( )。
该综述的两位作者在2014年发表的一项研究表明，每天跑步5到10分钟可以降低心脏病和各种原因导致的过早死亡的风险。
2. For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others. (2017全国二卷D篇)
二括: 给修饰语(modifiers)介短, 非谓和从句加( )。
对于许多生活在乡村的老年人来说，开车对保持他们的独立性非常重要，让他们可以自由出行，而不必依赖他人。
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (2014年全国一卷阅读D篇)
Many scholars are making efforts to ______
promote global languages.
rescue the disappearing languages.
search for languages communities.
set up languages research organizations.
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，逻辑关系要注意。
为了防止语言流失，包括联合国教科文组织和国家地理在内的许多组织的学者多年来一直在记录濒临灭绝的语言和它们所反映的文化
Step3 Practice(一划，二括，三会意)
1. Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全国二卷)
What does a plant do when it is under attack
It makes noise.
It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly.
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
早在1983年，两位科学家就报道过，被昆虫咬伤的小枫树会散发出一种特殊的气味，周围的植物也能闻到
Practice(一划，二括，三会意)
2. When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately (2016年全国三卷7选5阅读)
When buying fish, you should first smell it.
The fish will go bad within hours.
Do not buy it.
The easiest is to steam it.
This is how you can do it.
It requires a little knowledge.
The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
______
高考长难句分析口诀
长难句，看仔细。
一划二括三会意。
主谓宾，先注意。（一划）
(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）
抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial（空间的） skills when assessed at 54 months of age.（2020年全国II卷B篇）
The trunk:
The researchers analyzed video recordings and found （that）children have better spatial skills.
Try again!(一划，二括，三会意)
名词性从句中的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，
是做主语、宾语和表语的作用，应视为句子的主干成分。
研究人员分析了53对儿童-父母在家中日常活动的视频记录，发现在26 - 46个月大的时候玩拼图的孩子在54个月大的时候有更好的空间技能(空间的
Summarize what parts a long sentence contains.
prepositional phrases（介短）
non-predicate verbs（非谓语）
clauses（从句）
adjective (形容词)，名词
adverb (副词)
A long sentence
1. main part:
3. parallel structures
（并列结构）
2. modifiers（修饰语）:
S+V
S+V+O
S+L-V(系)+P(表)
S+V+O+O
S+V+O+C
(and/or/but/so )
Step4 Summarize
1.With the encouragement of my friend who was admitted by a famous university,finding a good job is what I want most.
2.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D)
Step5 Homework
找主干并翻译句子
3.In 2014,they started a mission to make it easier for others to learn robotics by creating a website,where they teach people to code.
Thank you
Persistence produces miracles!
坚持铸就奇迹！
“一划二括三会意，读懂高考长难句”
阅读理解之长难句分析
Learning contents：
The formation of a long sentence.
Three steps to analyze a long sentence.
Exercises on long sentences.
Jack, the son of Mr. Smith, who owns 5 big business companies in USA, accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt in a clothes shop, where the girl works, and he soon fell in love with her, wishing to take care of her during the rest of his life.
Step1 Lead - in
长难句初体验
The trunk:
Jack met a girl and he fell in love with her
英语句子=主干+修饰
Step2
Matching game!
Ｓ+L+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）
Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
Ｓ+Ｖ+O1+Ｏ2（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
The sun rises.
The dinner is good.
Jack met a girl.
He brought you a dictionary.
They painted the door green.
Activity 1
Activity 2
Part 1:The formation of a long and complex sentence
Try to add more details to turn it into one complex sentence:
Jack met a girl.
Jack met a ...
Part 1: The formation of a long sentence
1. Jack met a girl.
2. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl.
3. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York.
4. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week.
+ adj./adv.
+ prep.
加形容词、副词，介词短语，名词
初阶难度
+ n.
Part 1: The formation of a long sentence
5. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt.
6. Jack accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt in a clothes shop, where the girl works.
7. Jack, the son of Mr. Smith, accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt in a clothes shop, where the girl works.
加从句，介词短语，同位语
中阶难度
Part 1: The formation of a long sentence
8. Jack, the son of Mr. Smith, who owns 5 big business companies in USA, accidentally met a beautiful girl in New York last week when he was trying to buy a shirt in a clothes shop, where the girl works, and he soon fell in love with her, wishing to take care of her during the rest of his life.
从4个单词的简单句到60个单词的长长长难难难句！
夹杂了同位语，定语从句，状语从句，并列句，非谓语结构，还有形容词、副词充当修饰语，名词短语和丰富的介词短语充当地点状语、时间状语、方式状语！
加并列句，非谓语
高阶难度
史密斯先生在美国拥有5家大公司，他的儿子杰克上星期在纽约的一家服装店买衬衫时，无意中遇到了一位漂亮的女孩，他很快就爱上了她，希望能照顾她一辈子
The English sentence
Trunk 主干成分
Leaves
&
Branches
修饰成分
adj.
介词短语
adv.
n.
从句
定从
同位语
非谓语
并列结构
状从
句子修饰成分:
英语中主要的有五种修饰成分,称为“三长两短"。它们是使句子变复杂的主要因素,再加上同样会使句子变复杂的“平行并列结构”,统称为“三长两短一并列"
（1）“三长”:介词短语、从句、非谓语
(2)“两短”:形容词/副词，名词/同位语
(3)一并列-----平行并列结构
由“并列词”and/ or/ but/ as well as/ not only... but alo../ both... and../
Part2
介词短语：一般从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词结束
After talking with LiHu on this matter for a long time from 2:00 t0 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office for a meeting with my boss about the problems with our new company in America.
非谓语和从句：
虽然二者有不同的开始标志，但结束是一致的。
【非谓语动词和从句的起止标识】
四种终止：
① 到句尾终止，
如：Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English).
Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English)
② 到句中的逗号终止，
如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio.
(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.
③ 到下一个修饰成分终止，
如：I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing. (to Beijing是介词短语，属于另一个修饰成分，故从句的标记在此处终止)
Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)
④ 到下一个谓语动词终止.
如：Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
The bag ( gaved by my grandpa ) is yellow.
会了原理，如何翻译，可以用提问法：主干部分直接翻译，遇见三长画括号，提着问题往下顺，调字调序写中文。
Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China’s Henan Province,Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing,but is also deeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture,such as medicine and philosophy.
太极拳诞生于17世纪中期的河南省陈家沟小村庄里，它不仅是一种结合了慢动作和深呼吸的传统武术，而且深深植根于医学和哲学等中国文化的许多领域
Three steps to analyze a long sentence
一划 (二括) 三会意
一划: 划主干, 给S.V.O....划____。
二括: 给修饰成分（三长）加( )。
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，并列词圈 。
Activity 3
两短中一般只给同位语加（），形容词、副词较短且易于辨识，可不做标记！
1. Gengyuan is a teacher teaching English in Beiing which is the capital of China
一划: 划主干(trunk), 给主谓宾.(S.V.O.)划___。
耿元是一位在中国首都北京教英语的老师
1. Two authors of the review made a study published in 2014 which showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全国一卷语法填空)
二括: 给修饰语(modifiers)介短, 非谓和从句加( )。
该综述的两位作者在2014年发表的一项研究表明，每天跑步5到10分钟可以降低心脏病和各种原因导致的过早死亡的风险。
2. For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others. (2017全国二卷D篇)
二括: 给修饰语(modifiers)介短, 非谓和从句加( )。
对于许多生活在乡村的老年人来说，开车对保持他们的独立性非常重要，让他们可以自由出行，而不必依赖他人。
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (2014年全国一卷阅读D篇)
Many scholars are making efforts to ______
promote global languages.
rescue the disappearing languages.
search for languages communities.
set up languages research organizations.
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，逻辑关系要注意。
为了防止语言流失，包括联合国教科文组织和国家地理在内的许多组织的学者多年来一直在记录濒临灭绝的语言和它们所反映的文化
Step3 Practice(一划，二括，三会意)
1. Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全国二卷)
What does a plant do when it is under attack
It makes noise.
It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly.
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
早在1983年，两位科学家就报道过，被昆虫咬伤的小枫树会散发出一种特殊的气味，周围的植物也能闻到
Practice(一划，二括，三会意)
2. When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately (2016年全国三卷7选5阅读)
When buying fish, you should first smell it.
The fish will go bad within hours.
Do not buy it.
The easiest is to steam it.
This is how you can do it.
It requires a little knowledge.
The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
______
高考长难句分析口诀
长难句，看仔细。
一划二括三会意。
主谓宾，先注意。（一划）
(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）
抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial（空间的） skills when assessed at 54 months of age.（2020年全国II卷B篇）
The trunk:
The researchers analyzed video recordings and found （that）children have better spatial skills.
Try again!(一划，二括，三会意)
名词性从句中的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，
是做主语、宾语和表语的作用，应视为句子的主干成分。
研究人员分析了53对儿童-父母在家中日常活动的视频记录，发现在26 - 46个月大的时候玩拼图的孩子在54个月大的时候有更好的空间技能(空间的
Summarize what parts a long sentence contains.
prepositional phrases（介短）
non-predicate verbs（非谓语）
clauses（从句）
adjective (形容词)，名词
adverb (副词)
A long sentence
1. main part:
3. parallel structures
（并列结构）
2. modifiers（修饰语）:
S+V
S+V+O
S+L-V(系)+P(表)
S+V+O+O
S+V+O+C
(and/or/but/so )
Step4 Summarize
1.With the encouragement of my friend who was admitted by a famous university,finding a good job is what I want most.
2.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D)
Step5 Homework
找主干并翻译句子
3.In 2014,they started a mission to make it easier for others to learn robotics by creating a website,where they teach people to code.
Thank you
Persistence produces miracles!
坚持铸就奇迹！