2023年高考英语复习专题课件 定语从句（43张）
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| 名称 | 2023年高考英语复习专题课件 定语从句（43张） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-13 14:31:45 | ||
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(共43张PPT)
2023年高考英语复习专题课件★★★ 定语从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
2．(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall ______ has survived China's long history.
where
that
3．(2021·全国甲卷)Port Lympne Reserve, runs a breeding (繁
育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀
牛幼崽)．
which
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy._____________
2．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.___________
what→which
what→that
(一)不定冠词的用法(八个“一”)
关系代词
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
that 人或物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中其前无介词时可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
(一)关系代词that与which的用法辨析
1．只用that的情况
(1)先行词是all，everything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；
(2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；
(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级；
(4)先行词被the only，the very (正好、恰好)，the last修饰；
(5)先行词中既有人也有物；
(6)在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句；
(7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。
There is nothing that we can do now.
现在我们什么也做不了。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
2．先行词指物时，只用which的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句；
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；
(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。
The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much.
这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。
We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
(二)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 从句谓语通常是表示感觉或心理活动的词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等
意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……那样”
The building，which we are looking at，used to be a hospital.
我们正在看的这幢大楼曾经是一家医院。
As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候埃米就好些了。
[特别提醒] as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as (像……一样的，像……之类的)；such (pron.)＋as (像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as (和……同样的)。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。
?对点小练
单句语法填空
1．This is the only one of the best films has been shown this year.
2．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment we could never neglect.
that
as
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
两个考查点：
(一)考查该结构中关系代词的选用
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
The student with whom she is strict has made great progress.
她严格要求的那个学生取得了很大进步。
(二)考查该结构中介词的选用
1．一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下几方面入手：
(1)根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。
Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands
刚才跟你握手的那个女孩儿是谁？
(2)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。
He shows me some old coins with which I am not very familiar.
他给我看了一些我不熟悉的旧硬币。
(3)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。
We'll never forget the day on which we climbed up the Great Wall.
我们永远不会忘记登上长城的那天。
(4)根据句子所要表达的意思。
We had supper at six o'clock，after which I went to see my uncle.
六点钟我们吃了晚饭，之后我去看了我的叔叔。
2．表示“整体和部分关系”时，介词常用of。常见结构：
(1)在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom。
There are 30 chairs in the hall，most of which are new.
大厅里有30把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
(2)“the＋比较级或最高级”后用of which/whom等。
?对点小练
单句语法填空
3．Many lessons are now available online, which students can choose for free.
4．There are many occasions which you are left in a helpless situation, which you can depend on no one other than yourself.
from
on
in
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会好一些。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer
这是他拒绝我们提议的理由吗？
[特别提醒] where引导定语从句时，既可以修饰具体的地点也可以修饰抽象的地点，常见表抽象地点的先行词有situation，case，point，stage，position，activity，job，tradition等。
?对点小练
单句语法填空
5．Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
6．To learn English effectively, you should not only have a good command of the grammar, but understand the culture it is spoken.
where
where
1．关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
不好动或在饮食上脂肪摄取量高的孩子会快速地长胖。
定语从句中的主谓一致
2．先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为“the (only/very/right) one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
She is one of the staff who are qualified for the job.
她是能胜任这项工作的员工之一。(staff表示复数意义)
She is the only one of the staff who is qualified for the job.
她是唯一一个能胜任这项工作的员工。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The old man has three sons，none of is a doctor.
＝The old man has three sons，but none of is a doctor.
2．There are many good websites you can check out the latest research and discoveries in the science world.
3．I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else's fault.
whom
them
where
that
4．He is the one always laughs at me.
5．The majority of the ads were also promoting extra curricular education institutions， have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.
6．(2021·浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
who/that
which
which/that
7．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
8．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
9．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
10．After living in Australia for many years，Louise finally returned to the country she was born.
whose
which/that
who/that
where
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．当面对困难时，只有那些不遗余力去解决的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。
When facing the difficulties，only those _________________________
_______ can achieve what they long for.
who spare no efforts to settle
them
2．比赛定于本周六下午在市体育馆举行，旨在帮助我们与你的学校交流并增进友谊。
The match is due to be organised this Saturday afternoon in the city's stadium，__________________________________________________
_____________________.
3．我更喜欢校服，它很漂亮，也更好地展示了我们的学校文化。
I prefer the school uniform，___________________________________
___________________.
whose aim is to help us communicate with your school and improve our friendship
which is nice and also a better display of our school culture
4．它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深远的历史和丰富的文化中。
Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you _____________________
__________________________________________________________.
where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture
5．搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了我们的老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。
Material collecting took us a whole week，_______________________
__________________________________________________________.
during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life
Ⅲ.语法填空
Dujiangyan is the oldest man made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science.1. (build) over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering 2. (achieve) is still used today.
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以所填词要用非谓语动词。build和this amazing engineering...是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词 ed形式作状语。
答案：Built
2．解析：考查词性转换。所填词在句子中作主语，所以要用名词形式。
答案：achievement
In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands 3.____
(suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River.4. (help) the victims of the flooding，Li Bing, the region governor，together with his son, decided to find a solution. Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally.5.___
(good) still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 6. suitable for farming.
3．解析：考查时态。根据句中的时间状语in ancient times可知，suffer要用一般过去时。
答案：suffered
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。所填词表示目的，所以用动词不定式。
答案：To help
5．解析：考查固定搭配。better still为固定搭配，意为“更妙的
是”。
答案：Better
6．解析：考查代词。本空指代前面提到的Chengdu Plain，所以要用it。
答案：it
Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 7. (peaceful)．Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams 8. the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally，
9. (enable) ecosystem (生态系统) and fish populations to exist 10. harmony.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。
7．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用形容词peaceful的副词形式peacefully修饰动词live。
答案：peacefully
8．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句中的modern dams是先行词，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以填where。
答案：where
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以所填词要用非谓语动词。enable与前面的句子是主谓关系，所以用动词 ing形式作结果状语。
答案：enabling
10．解析：考查固定搭配。in harmony为固定搭配，意为“和谐无间”。
答案：in
Ⅳ.短文改错
On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking hopelessly on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep them，saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally，we agree that it would be decided by my dad, whom didn't return home from work. Just then the girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us caring the dog, I felt very happy.
2023年高考英语复习专题课件★★★ 定语从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
2．(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall ______ has survived China's long history.
where
that
3．(2021·全国甲卷)Port Lympne Reserve, runs a breeding (繁
育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀
牛幼崽)．
which
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy._____________
2．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.___________
what→which
what→that
(一)不定冠词的用法(八个“一”)
关系代词
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)
whom 人 宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
that 人或物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which 物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中其前无介词时可省略)
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
(一)关系代词that与which的用法辨析
1．只用that的情况
(1)先行词是all，everything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；
(2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；
(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级；
(4)先行词被the only，the very (正好、恰好)，the last修饰；
(5)先行词中既有人也有物；
(6)在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句；
(7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。
There is nothing that we can do now.
现在我们什么也做不了。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
2．先行词指物时，只用which的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句；
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前；
(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。
The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much.
这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。
We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
(二)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 从句谓语通常是表示感觉或心理活动的词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等
意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……那样”
The building，which we are looking at，used to be a hospital.
我们正在看的这幢大楼曾经是一家医院。
As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候埃米就好些了。
[特别提醒] as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as (像……一样的，像……之类的)；such (pron.)＋as (像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as (和……同样的)。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。
?对点小练
单句语法填空
1．This is the only one of the best films has been shown this year.
2．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment we could never neglect.
that
as
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
两个考查点：
(一)考查该结构中关系代词的选用
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构，whose指人、物皆可。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
The student with whom she is strict has made great progress.
她严格要求的那个学生取得了很大进步。
(二)考查该结构中介词的选用
1．一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下几方面入手：
(1)根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。
Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands
刚才跟你握手的那个女孩儿是谁？
(2)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。
He shows me some old coins with which I am not very familiar.
他给我看了一些我不熟悉的旧硬币。
(3)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。
We'll never forget the day on which we climbed up the Great Wall.
我们永远不会忘记登上长城的那天。
(4)根据句子所要表达的意思。
We had supper at six o'clock，after which I went to see my uncle.
六点钟我们吃了晚饭，之后我去看了我的叔叔。
2．表示“整体和部分关系”时，介词常用of。常见结构：
(1)在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom。
There are 30 chairs in the hall，most of which are new.
大厅里有30把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
(2)“the＋比较级或最高级”后用of which/whom等。
?对点小练
单句语法填空
3．Many lessons are now available online, which students can choose for free.
4．There are many occasions which you are left in a helpless situation, which you can depend on no one other than yourself.
from
on
in
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 句法功能
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会好一些。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer
这是他拒绝我们提议的理由吗？
[特别提醒] where引导定语从句时，既可以修饰具体的地点也可以修饰抽象的地点，常见表抽象地点的先行词有situation，case，point，stage，position，activity，job，tradition等。
?对点小练
单句语法填空
5．Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
6．To learn English effectively, you should not only have a good command of the grammar, but understand the culture it is spoken.
where
where
1．关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
不好动或在饮食上脂肪摄取量高的孩子会快速地长胖。
定语从句中的主谓一致
2．先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为“the (only/very/right) one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
She is one of the staff who are qualified for the job.
她是能胜任这项工作的员工之一。(staff表示复数意义)
She is the only one of the staff who is qualified for the job.
她是唯一一个能胜任这项工作的员工。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The old man has three sons，none of is a doctor.
＝The old man has three sons，but none of is a doctor.
2．There are many good websites you can check out the latest research and discoveries in the science world.
3．I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else's fault.
whom
them
where
that
4．He is the one always laughs at me.
5．The majority of the ads were also promoting extra curricular education institutions， have been condemned for putting extra academic pressure on students.
6．(2021·浙江1月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
who/that
which
which/that
7．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
8．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
9．They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
10．After living in Australia for many years，Louise finally returned to the country she was born.
whose
which/that
who/that
where
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．当面对困难时，只有那些不遗余力去解决的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。
When facing the difficulties，only those _________________________
_______ can achieve what they long for.
who spare no efforts to settle
them
2．比赛定于本周六下午在市体育馆举行，旨在帮助我们与你的学校交流并增进友谊。
The match is due to be organised this Saturday afternoon in the city's stadium，__________________________________________________
_____________________.
3．我更喜欢校服，它很漂亮，也更好地展示了我们的学校文化。
I prefer the school uniform，___________________________________
___________________.
whose aim is to help us communicate with your school and improve our friendship
which is nice and also a better display of our school culture
4．它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深远的历史和丰富的文化中。
Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you _____________________
__________________________________________________________.
where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture
5．搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了我们的老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。
Material collecting took us a whole week，_______________________
__________________________________________________________.
during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life
Ⅲ.语法填空
Dujiangyan is the oldest man made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science.1. (build) over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering 2. (achieve) is still used today.
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以所填词要用非谓语动词。build和this amazing engineering...是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词 ed形式作状语。
答案：Built
2．解析：考查词性转换。所填词在句子中作主语，所以要用名词形式。
答案：achievement
In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands 3.____
(suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River.4. (help) the victims of the flooding，Li Bing, the region governor，together with his son, decided to find a solution. Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally.5.___
(good) still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 6. suitable for farming.
3．解析：考查时态。根据句中的时间状语in ancient times可知，suffer要用一般过去时。
答案：suffered
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。所填词表示目的，所以用动词不定式。
答案：To help
5．解析：考查固定搭配。better still为固定搭配，意为“更妙的
是”。
答案：Better
6．解析：考查代词。本空指代前面提到的Chengdu Plain，所以要用it。
答案：it
Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 7. (peaceful)．Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams 8. the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally，
9. (enable) ecosystem (生态系统) and fish populations to exist 10. harmony.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。
7．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用形容词peaceful的副词形式peacefully修饰动词live。
答案：peacefully
8．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句中的modern dams是先行词，关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以填where。
答案：where
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以所填词要用非谓语动词。enable与前面的句子是主谓关系，所以用动词 ing形式作结果状语。
答案：enabling
10．解析：考查固定搭配。in harmony为固定搭配，意为“和谐无间”。
答案：in
Ⅳ.短文改错
On my way home from school last Friday, I saw a little dog looking hopelessly on the sidewalk. I was held it firmly up in my arms, took it home and feed some milk to it. However, my mom was unwilling to keep them，saying there was enough pets for us, two cats and a dog. I begged my mom not to let it go. Finally，we agree that it would be decided by my dad, whom didn't return home from work. Just then the girl and her dad drove near, searching for their lost pets. When they thanked us caring the dog, I felt very happy.
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