Unit 4 Earthquakes
Period One Warming Up & Reading (Ⅰ)
基础落实
Ⅰ.课文理解
1．How long did the earthquake last?
A．15 minutes. B．42 minutes.
C．15 seconds. D．42 seconds.
2．Which is NOT true according to the text?
A．People in Beijing felt the earthquake.
B．People of Tangshan cared much about the strange events before the earthquake.
C．If the earthquake had happened during the daytime，it wouldn’t have caused so many deaths.
D．Many soldiers helped to rescue the people who were trapped under the ruins.
3．Which of the following can also be used as a title of the text?
A．Tangshan earthquake
B．The world at an end
C．How to prevent an earthquake
D．New Tangshan
4．What does the last sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.” mean?
A．People who were trapped came to life.
B．The trees turned green.
C．The animals began to breathe.
D．The city returned to normal gradually.
5．Many strange things happened in the countryside EXCEPT that________.
A．the well walls had deep cracks in them
B．some animals were too nervous to eat
C．fish jumped out of bowls and ponds
D．birds flew higher than usual
6．Why didn’t people lose hope after the earthquake?
A．Because the army came to help them.
B．Because they could help themselves.
C．Because most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the local mines.
D．Because shelters were built for the survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Ⅱ.课文缩写
Several days before July 28,1976，many 1.________ things happened in Tangshan.They were signs for an 2.________.But people 3.________ lived there didn’t think much of that.At 3∶42 am that day，the earth began to shake，which 4.________ almost all the city in fifteen terrible seconds.Many people，including workers and doctors，came to 5.________ those who were 6.________ under the ruins.Later that afternoon，another big earthquake hit the city.More people were killed or 7.________ and more buildings 8.________ down.Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help，and teams were 9.________ to dig out the trapped and to 10.________ the dead.By and by things improved and the city began to breathe again.
Ⅲ.用适当的介、副词填空
1．________ three days the water ________ the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.
2．A smelly gas came ________ of the cracks.
3．______ about 3∶00 am ______ July 28,1976，some people saw bright lights ______ the sky.
4．It was felt in Beijing，which is more than two hundred kilometres ________.
5．No wind，however，could blow them ________.
6．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers ___ Tangshan to help the rescue workers.
7．______ the north of the city，most of the 10,000 miners were rescued ____ the coal mines there.
8．Workers built shelters ________ survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Ⅳ.用课文中的词语替换划线部分
1．I told him immediately what I thought of him.________________
2．It sounds as_though you had a good time.________________
3．I went into the old house and found Grandad’s medals.________________
4．A_great_many people are fond of what they are doing.________________
5．She suddenly_began_to_cry when she saw her lost son.________________
6．In 15 seconds，a large city was_completely_destroyed.________________
Ⅴ.句型转换
1．All of them are not right.
________ ________ of them are right.
2．It’s eight o’clock already and now we must be off at once.
It’s eight o’clock already and now we must be off ________ ________.
3．It seems that Bob knows everything，but in fact，he is stupid.
It seems ________ ________ Bob knew everything，but in fact，he is stupid.
4．I bought a dictionary yesterday and it cost me 80 yuan.
I bought a dictionary yesterday, ________ cost me 80 yuan.
5．I happened to meet an old friend of mine in the street last week.
________ ________ ________ I met an old friend of mine in the street last week.
能力提升
阅读理解
When an earthquake hit a small town，many houses fell down.After the earthquake，all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble.
One Sunday，when I was reading a newspaper，a special picture touched me.It gave the clothing sizes of each family member.I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves.I said to my seven-year-old twins，Brad and Brett，and three-year-old Meghan，“We have so much，and these poor people now have nothing.We’ll share what we have with them.”
I filled a box with foods and clothes.While I was doing this，I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things.Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together.Then she walked away.A few minutes later she came back with Lucy，her much-loved doll.She put the doll on top of the other toys.“Oh，dear，”I said.“You don’t have to give Lucy.You love her so much.”Meghan said，“Lucy makes me happy，Mommy.Maybe she’ll make another little girl happy, too.”
I looked at Meghan for a long moment.She taught me a lesson.It’s easy to give something that we don’t want any more，but hard to give what we cherish(珍爱)，isn’t it?
1．The writer has ________ children.
A．one B．two
C．three D．four
2．The underlined word “donate” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．
A．捐赠 B．丢掉
C．展出 D．放好
3．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．An earthquake happened in the writer’s hometown.
B．The writer let Meghan give her much-loved doll.
C．The writer decided to buy some clothes for those people in trouble.
D．The writer thinks it is more difficult to give what we love a lot.
4．What’s the best title of this passage?
A．A Family Story B．The Spirit of Giving
C．The Way of Helping Others D．A Sad Experience
答案
基础落实
Ⅰ.1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.A
Ⅱ.1.strange 2.earthquake 3.who 4.destroyed 5．rescue 6.trapped 7.injured 8.fell 9.organized 10．bury
Ⅲ.1.For；in 2.out 3.At；on；in 4.away 5.away 6．to 7.To；from 8.for
Ⅳ.1.right away 2.as if 3.dug out 4.A great number of 5.burst into tears/burst out crying 6.lay in ruins
Ⅴ.1.Not；all 2.right；away 3.as；if 4.which 5.It；happened；that
能力提升
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B
Period One Warming Up & Reading (Ⅱ)
基础落实
Ⅰ.单词检测
1．v.________爆裂；________毁灭；________损害；伤害；________毁坏；破坏；________(使)震惊；________营救；________使陷入困境；________埋葬
2．n.________地震； ________井；________管；导管；________百万；________大事； ________民族；国家；________运河；________蒸汽；________污垢；________苦难；________砖；________水坝；________足迹；________电；________灾难；________矿山；________掩蔽；________标题；________记者
3．adj.________发臭的；________极度的；________无用的
Ⅱ.短语检测
1．________________立刻；马上
2．________________仿佛；好像
3．________________结束；终结
4．________________严重受损；破败不堪
5．________________掘出；发现
6．________________许多；大量的
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We are expecting to ________________ some important facts.
2．Some robbers ________________ that house，and robbed many things of it.
3．On hearing the good news，he shared it with his parents ________________.
4．The powerful earthquake left almost everything in the town ________________.
5．The girl listened carefully ________________ she had been turned into a stone.
6．I ________________ the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
7．When we arrived at the cinema in a hurry，the film was almost ________________.
8．_____________________ fans came to the street to celebrate the victory of the Spanish team.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．The end of my holiday came and I had to go back to work.
My holiday was ________ ________ ________ and I had to go back to work.
2．Of the two boys，one is good at painting.
________ ________ ________ the two boys are good at painting.
3．He is not old enough to work for his bread.
He is ________ ________ ________ ________ for his bread.
4．Everywhere he goes，he will not forget the terrible experience.
________ ________ ________ he goes，he will not forget the terrible experience.
5．It was a city whose hospitals were gone.
It was a city ________ ________ the hospitals were gone.
Ⅴ.单项填空
1．It______ everyone to hear all of the villagers behind the mountain were killed in the earthquake.
A．suffered B．shocked
C．persuaded D．destroyed
2．According to a new survey，every year about ________ dollars is spent to look after people with illness caused by smoking.
A．30 millions of B．30 million of
C．30 millions D．30 million
3．After the terrible traffic accident happened，many doctors and nurses were called to ________ the passengers.
A．rescue B．value
C．support D．welcome
4．—We need an immediate reply.
—I see.I’ll send the paper to you ________.
A．just now B．sooner or later
C．right away D．for a while
5．The bus driver was badly ________ on both legs in the traffic accident.
A．wounded B．harmed
C．injured D．destroyed
6．He was so ________ thought that he didn’t see the pole on the road.
A．buried in B．careful with
C．busy with D．serious about
7．—He seems________ tired to do it.
—But I am only________ glad to do it.
A．very；too B．extremely；too
C．too；too D．very；very
8．This is really a heated debate.________ the game?
A．Which side do you think will win
B．Whom do you think will win
C．Do you think which side will win
D．Do you think whom will win
9．Three-fourths of the homework ________.
A．has finished B．has been finished
C．have finished D．have been finished
10．As soon as she saw her boyfriend，she ________ crying.
A．burst into B．broke out
C．burst out D．broke in
11．The houses across the street are ________，but they were in good condition a few years ago.
A．in rows B．in ruins
C．in number D．in detail
12．How many English songs had you learned ________ of last year?
A．at the end B．in the end
C．by the end D．at an end
13．The young man was buried under the ruins and had to_________.
A．be dug in B．be dug out
C．dig out D．dig in
14．________ out for food.Some work in the tunnels as guards and workers.
A．Not all the ants go B．All the ants not go
C．Both the ants don’t go D．All the ants go
15．Have you ever noticed the house, ________ windows are always closed?
A．where B．which
C．when D．whose
能力提升
阅读理解
It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework，but with one of the following suggestions，you really can get your children to help at home.
If you give your children the impression that they can never do anything quite right，then they will regard themselves as unfit or unable persons.Unless children believe they can succeed，they will never become totally independent.
My daughter Carla’s fifth-grade teacher made every child in her class feel special.When students received less than a prefect test score，she would point out what they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed.
You can use the same technique when you evaluate our child’s work at home.Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead.Talk about what he has done right，not about what he hasn’t done.If your child completes a difficult task，promise him a Sunday trip or a ball game with Dad.
Learning is a process of trying and failing and trying and succeeding.If you teach your children not to fear a mistake or failure，they will learn faster and achieve success at last.
1．The whole passage deals with ________.
A．social education B．school education
C．family education D．pre-school education
2．The author thinks that ________.
A．there is no way to get children to help at home
B．the more encouragement and praise you give，the more responsible and helpful children will become
C．it is very difficult to make children responsible for housework
D．children can be forced to help with housework
3．The passage gives us a good suggestion about how to evaluate your child’s work at home.That is to ________.
A．praise his success
B．promise him a trip
C．give him a punishment
D．promise him a ball game
4．The author advises readers to ________.
A．learn from himself，for he has a good way of teaching
B．take pride in Carla’s fifth-grade teacher
C．do as what Carla’s teacher did in educating children
D．follow Carla’s example because she never fails in the test
答案
基础落实
Ⅰ.1.burst；ruin；injure；destroy；shock；rescue；trap；bury 2.earthquake/quake；well；pipe；million；event；nation；canal；steam；dirt；suffering；brick；dam；track；electricity；
disaster；mine；shelter；title；reporter 3.smelly；extreme；useless
Ⅱ.1.right away 2.as if 3.at an end 4.in ruins 5.dig out 6.a (great) number of
Ⅲ.1.dig out 2.burst into 3.right away 4.in ruins 5.as if 6.was trapped in 7.at an end 8.A great number of
Ⅳ.1.at；an；end 2.Not；both；of 3.too；young；to；work 4.No；matter；where 5.of；which
Ⅴ.1.B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
能力提升
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
Period Three Grammar
基础落实
Ⅰ.用that，which，who，whom，whose填空
1．The earthquake ________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
2．We don’t know the number of people ________ lost their homes in the disaster.
3．Those ________ want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7∶30 pm.
4．Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand?
5．I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me.
6．The first museum ________ he visited in China was the History Museum.
7．Do you know the man ________ they are talking about?
8．The film ________ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.
9．He asked about the factories and workers ________ we had just visited.
10．The building ________ doors are green is an office building.
Ⅱ.用who，whom，whose，which，that合并下列句子
1．The picture was drawn by a 6-year-old girl.You are looking at it.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．The meeting will be held in a hotel.We shall take part in it.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．I’d like to take care of the child.Her mother died recently.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．Do you know the man？The man spoke to the headmaster just now.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．站在门口的那位男士是我的英语老师。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．你认识我们在街上碰到的那个小女孩吗？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．我昨天买的那本书值得一读。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．我们在这儿能看得见屋顶的那座建筑是一个旅馆。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．这是我看过的最好的一部影片。
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ.单项填空
1．The old temple________roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
A．where B．which C．its D．whose
2．Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
A．who；/ B．/；who C．who；who D．/；/
3．Do you know the man ________？
A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke
C．I spoke to D．that I spoke
4．Finally，the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.
A．which B．what
C．whatever D．that
5．To be exact，all ________ is needed is a supply of oil.
A．the thing B．that
C．what D．which
6．The second book ________ I want to read is Business at the Speed of Thought.
A．which B．what
C．that D．as
7．I’m one of the boys ________ never late for school.
A．that is B．who are
C．who am D．who is
8．We’ll call on a man ________ I believe can give us very good advice.
A．which B．who
C．whom D．whomever
9．John，________ handwriting was very beautiful，was going to the contest，too.
A．of who B．of which
C．who’s D．whose
10．Have you seen the film Titanic，________ leading actor is world-famous?
A．its B．it’s C．whose D．which
11．You can take any seat ________ is free.
A．which B．where
C．in which D．that
12．New York，________ I visited last year，is a nice old city.
A．that B．which
C．where D．in which
13．The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A．which B．what
C．how D．who
14．Jim passed the driving test，________ surprised everybody in the office.
A．which B．that
C．this D．it
15．The only language ________ is easy for me to learn is Chinese.
A．which B．whose
C．that D．it
能力提升
任务型读写
Sports and games do a lot of good to our health.They can make us strong，keep us from getting too fat，and keep healthy and fit.Especially they can be of great value to people who work with their brains most of the day，for sports and games give people valuable practice in exciting the body.What’s more，they make our life richer and more colorful.If we do not have a strong body，we will find it hard to do whatever we want.So persons of all ages enjoy watching and taking part in all kinds of sports，swimming and basketball，etc.Sports and games are also very useful in character training.For young people，what is learned on the playground often has a deep effect on their character.
Title：Sports and Health
Theme
Doing or watching sports and games can make people 1.________ and fit and also do good to their 2.________ training.
Advantages
What is learned on the sports ground often has a deep effect on
3．________ people’s character.
Especially people who work with their 4.________ most of the day love sports and games，for they are of great 5.________ to their health.
What’s more，our 6.________ will become richer and more colorful by taking part in sports and games.
Both 7.________ all kinds of sports and 8.________ sports on the sports ground can do a lot of good to 9.________ of all ages.
Advice
If you want to have a strong body，you should keep yourselves from getting too 10.________.
答案
基础落实
Ⅰ.1.that/which 2.who/that 3.who 4.that 5.that 6.that 7.who/whom/that 8.that/which 9.that 10.whose
Ⅱ.1.The picture that/which you are looking at was drawn by a 6-year-old girl.
2．The woman that/who/whom you are looking after is my mother.
3．The meeting that/which we shall take part in will be held in a hotel.
4．I’d like to take care of the child whose mother died recently.
5．Do you know the man that/who spoke to the headmaster just now?
Ⅲ.1.The man who/that is standing at the door is my English teacher.
2．Do you know the girl whom/who/that we met in the street?
3．The book that/which I bought yesterday is worth reading.
4．The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel.
5．This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ⅳ.1.D 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．C
能力提升
1．healthy 2.character 3.young 4.brains 5.value 6．life 7.watching 8.doing 9.persons 10.fat
Period Two Integrating Skills
基础落实
Ⅰ.课文理解
1．What’s the speaking competition about?
A．The earthquake which happened in Tangshan.
B．The old Tangshan.
C．New Tangshan.
D．New China.
2．Why will the city open a new park?
A．To honour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disaster.
B．To honour the students who have won the speaking competition.
C．To show respect to the heroes who died for the new Tangshan.
D．To show respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan.
3．When did the terrible earthquake happen in Tangshan?
A．On August 26. B．On August 27.
C．On July 27. D．On July 28.
4．If you are the student who has won the competition，who can you bring to the park?
A．Your family. B．Your friends.
C．Your family and teachers. D．Your friends and family.
5．The student is invited to ________.
A．take part in the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan
B．give a speech to the park visitors on July 28
C．help to prepare for the opening of the new park
D．visit the new park just as a guest
Ⅱ.单词检测
1．v.________损失；损害；________使惊吓；________断定；判断；________表示；表达
2．n.________条；棒；酒吧；________祝贺；________要点；大纲；________报刊的大字标题；________骑自行车的人
3．adj.________受惊的；________令人恐惧的
4．adv.________真诚地
Ⅲ.短语检测
1．________________为纪念，为祝贺
2．________________为……而自豪，以……为荣
3．________________________因某事而祝贺某人
4．________________________为……筹钱
5．________________作为……而闻名
6．________________发表演说
7．________________________很高兴地做某事
8．________________醒来；叫醒
Ⅳ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The black car hit the bike and the ________(cycle) fell down.
2．Finally，I’d like to ________(expression) my thanks to all those who have helped me.
3．I offer my hearty ____________(congratulate) on your success.
4．I ________(sincere) hope that you will be successful in the future.
5．The __________(frighten) news made all of them __________(frighten)．
6．It is __________(use) quarreling with him.He won’t listen to you.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．祝贺你实现了自己的目标。
________ you ________ your achieving your goal.
2．谁将被邀请来参加这次会议？
Who ________________________ attend the meeting?
3．他为自己没有放弃而自豪。
He was ________________ himself for not giving up.
4．从他的神情判断，他过着幸福的生活。
________________________，he is leading a happy life.
5．我没等多久他就回来了。
I had not waited ________________ he came back.
6．他正在为数以千计的盲童筹集资金。
He ________________________________________ blind children.
Ⅵ.单项填空
1．At the sight of the ________snake，the girl was ________ and cried for help.
A．frightened；frightening B．frightening；frightening
C．frightened；frightened D．frightening；frightened
2．The man ________ was a friend of mine.
A．you just talked to B．whom you just talked to him
C．who you just talked to him D．which you just talked to
3．—Bill，I have just passed the TOEFL.
—________！
A．Congratulate B．Congratulate to you
C．Congratulations D．Congratulating you
4．________the number of cars, he thought, there were not many people at the club.
A．He judged by B．Judged from
C．Judge by D．Judging from
5．During our stay in London，we paid a visit to the hospital founded________ the nurse Florence Nightingale.
A．in case of B．in honour of
C．in favour of D．in place of
6．—Excuse me，sir，where is Room 301?
—Just a minute.I ’ll have Bob ________ you to your room.
A．show B．shows
C．to show D．showing
7．He’s going to relax with friends once the exams are________and he has exciting plans for the summer holidays.
A．at the end B．by the end
C．in the end D．at an end
8．________，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A．Strange as might it sound B．As it might sound strange
C．As strange it might sound D．Strange as it might sound
9．Before the firemen arrived，the whole wooden house had already been completely ________ in the big fire.
A．injured B．wounded
C．damaged D．destroyed
10．We Chinese ________ our soldiers who did so much for the suffering people there during the Wenchuan Earthquake.
A．proud of B．are pride of
C．take pride in D．take pride of
Ⅶ.微写作
写作素材
1．突然，地球好像到了末日。
2．几秒钟之内城市被毁。
3．管道裂开了，大量建筑物变为废墟。
4．人们有的受伤，有的被埋。
5．电也停了。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
能力提升
完形填空
On a cold winter evening，a man with a goose(鹅) went to a house and knocked on the door.This was the eighth door he had knocked on that day.
The house-owner __1__ the door and asked，“What do you want？”“How do you do？” said the man with the goose __2__ .“I am an inventor.In my arms here，I’ve got a goose that’s been __3__ to lay gold eggs.We are both very __4__ now.If you’ll give us food and shelter，my goose and I will be happy to __5__ the gold eggs with you.”Hearing the words，the man inside the room thought he was __6__.The door was shut.
The inventor__7__ the house and walked in the __8__.It started snowing.At last，he decided to exchange his coat and hat __9__ some money.So he went into a store and asked its owner whether he __10__ his coat and hat.The man behind the counter __11__ him in surprise and said，“You can’t sell your coat and hat，__12__ you’ll freeze to death.”“But if I don’t do that，”the inventor replied，“my goose and I will starve to death.__13__ believed my goose could lay gold eggs.They refused to give me any __14__.”The store owner looked at them，and then said，“Here，__15__.Share a cup of coffee and some fresh-baked bread with me.”
“But we are total __16__.Why are you willing to help me？”asked the inventor in __17__.The man reached for a container and opened it to show the inventor what was inside.It was filled with gold eggs，as __18__ as baseballs.He smiled briefly，as if __19__ something，and then he said，“My friend，I was once a(n) __20__，too.”
1．A.fixed B．closed C．examined D．opened
2．A.politely B．slowly C．loudly D．rudely
3．A.planned B．considered C．imagined D．designed
4．A.hungry B．sad C．moved D．angry
5．A.remove B．sell C．share D．cook
6．A.hopeless B．mad C．normal D．funny
7．A.entered B．watched C．burnt D．left
8．A.shop B．factory C．street D．school
9．A.for B．with C．around D．in
10．A.sold B．damaged C．stole D．wanted
11．A.ran into B．looked at C．looked for D．referred to
12．A.so B．unless C．or D．if
13．A.Anybody B．Everybody C．Somebody D．Nobody
14．A.help B．water C．money D．advice
15．A.turn back B．show up C．sit down D．go away
16．A.partners B．strangers C．friends D．classmates
17．A.disappointment B．anger C．sadness D．surprise
18．A.big B．round C．lovely D．expensive
19．A.creating B．needing C．remembering D．finding
20．A.writer B．businessman C．liar D．inventor
答案
基础落实
Ⅰ.1.C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B
Ⅱ.1.damage；frighten；judge；express 2.bar；congratulation；outline；headline；cyclist 3.frightened；frightening 4．sincerely
Ⅲ.1.in honour of 2.be proud of 3.congratulate sb.on sth. 4.raise/collect money for 5.be known as 6．give/make a speech 7.be pleased to do sth. 8．wake up
Ⅳ.1.cyclist 2.express 3.congratulations 4.sincerely 5.frightening；frightened 6.useless
Ⅴ.1.Congratulate；on 2.will be invited to 3.proud of 4.Judging from/by his expression 5.long before 6.is raising money for thousands of
Ⅵ.1.D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．D 10．C
Ⅶ.Suddenly, it seemed as if the earth was at an end.The city was destroyed in seconds.Pipes burst, a great number of buildings lay in ruins, people were injured or buried and electricity went out.
能力提升
1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．D
14．A 15．C 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．D
