Chapter 6 Food for thought 导学案

Chapter 6 Food for thought 导学案
1. increase----(反义)decrease, reduce (减少)
2. warm ----(反义)cold---- (n.)warmth
3. bit
A bit = a little 一点
A little bit 一点点 用法和 a bit 一样
Could you please speak up a bit/a little
修饰名词时： a bit 后面要加上of， 表示一点(a bit of = bits of )。
而 a little 则不用加of
There is a bit of food left for lunch.
午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。
There is a little food left for lunch.
This is a little bit too difficult for me. 这对我来说有点难。
Jack is a little bit selfish. 杰克有点自私。
I speak a little bit of French. 我讲一点法语。
Not a bit = not at all 一点也不
Not a little = very much 很，非常
She is not a bit tired. (=She is not tired at all.) 她一点都不累。
She is not a little happy. 她很高兴
This box is a bit heavier than the other one.
The song is a bit sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d. 这首歌有点伤感。
Everyone seemed a little nervous. 每个人看起来都有点紧张。
This will add a little fun to the game.
This will add a bit of fun to the game.
用a bit或a little填空。
1. There is _________ time left.
2. I would like you to stay _________ longer if you have time.
3. This will give us a _________ of time.
4. He went to sleep soon, for he was not _________ tired.
5. I don't want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stop to have a rest, because I am not _________ tired.
4.die---dead ---death---deadly(a.致命的 )--dying - alive （反义词）
5. vegetarian ---vegetarianism---vegetable
socialism (ism结尾的一般都表示----主义)
influence---influencing (adj.) effect (n.)影响 affect (v.)
have influence on/over sb 受…影响/ 对某人有影响
be influenced by (be affected by )
News media have a great influence on people's mind.
He is always influenced by others' words.
7. industry—industrial (adj.) industry(n. 工业)—industrious(adj. 勤奋的)
8. space: 意为“空间”，是不可数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词，表示万物存在之处，太空；作“空隙、空白”解时，是可数名词。
There isn’t space in the classroom for thirty desks．
9. appetite(n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). )--- appetizer (n. 开胃食品)--- appetizing(adj. 开胃的, 促进食欲的)
lose one’s appetite for 对---失去食欲
she has lost her ap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )petite for sweet food.
她已经失去了对甜食的胃口。
I hope you 'll never lose your appetite for learning.
我希望你永远不要失去对学习的欲望
10. 0rder： n.命令；秩序；规则，制度；次序 v. 命令；订购；整理
orderly: adj. 有秩序的，整齐的
in order that
So that.
in order to
We started early so that we could catch the first train.
We used the computer in order that we might save time.
We used the computer in order to save time.
11.deliver(v.) --- delivery(n. )—deliverer(n. 邮递员，递送人)
12. happening（n. 事件） – happen (v.无被动形式)
13. disbelief –(n.)--(反义)belief（n. 信仰，相信） disbelieve (v.)
14. pity： what a pity
15. crazy adj.不理智的；疯狂的—crazily(adv. 疯狂的)--- craze (n. 狂热)
be crazy about 热衷于，迷恋于
I am crazy about singing.
16. cruel（adj.）---cruelly (adv.)---cruelty(n.)
17.proposal---advice---suggestion
18. moderate (adj.)---moderately(adv.) - moderation (n.适度，节制)
19. introduce ---introduction
pare---comparison P83
Compare ---- with 把---和---比较
Compare --- to : 把----和---比较； 把---比作----
If you compar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e his work with [to] hers, you’ll find hers is much better. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
The poet compares the woman to a rose. 诗人把他所爱的女人比作玫瑰。
21. argue (v.) ---- (n.) argument
argue with与……争论 Do what you are told and don't argue with me!
argue with sb./about sth.和某人争论….
He always argues with me about science.
22. The risk of ----： --- 的风险
短语
increase the brainpower 增强智力 P74
increase by 增长了…
increase to 增长到---
The price of the rice increased by 6 yuan.
The price of the shoes increased to 1000 yuan.
2. keep awake 保持清醒 P74
3. be worth doing 值得做
It 's worth helping you.
4. sound good,ter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rible听起来不错，听起来很糟糕 (sound, taste, look, smell, feel系动词，后接形容词)
5. no more...(not …an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y more) : 不再…, 是many / much的比较级，more有again之意，着重表示数量或程度的减少，意为"再也没有更多（大）的数量（程度）"。no more等于not... any more。
no longer ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not… any longer) : longer是副词long的比较级，着重表示时间的不再延续，意为"如今不再"。no longer等于not... any longer。
He no longer lives here. = He doesn't live here any longer.
I'm no longer a student.
You can drink no more. = You can't drink any more.
6. because 和 because of 区别
because是连词,所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以后边跟句子
because of后边加名词或者动名词短语
He came to work late because he got up late.
He came to work late because of getting up late.
7. lose one’s appetite for 对---失去食欲
8. change the subject 改变话题
9. lose weight 减肥 P81
10. put on weight 增肥 P81
11. show one's feelings : 表达情绪，表达感情 P81
12. What a pity! 多可惜！真遗憾！ P81
13. cost of living 生活费用 P82
14. neither…nor… 既不…也不… P84
15. source of energy 能量来源 P84
16. a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 P84
17. a lack of 缺少，缺乏 P84
18. on the one hand,on the other hand 一方面，另一方面 P84
19. heart attack 心脏病发作 P84
20. separate…from… 从…中分离出… P84
同义句
1. Meat contains vitamins and minerals.
Meat has vitamins and minerals inside.
2. The idea of keeping a healthy diet is food for thought.
The idea of keeping a healthy diet is worth thinking about.
3. I want to be thinner.
I want to lose weight.
Let’s change the subject.
Shall we change the subject
In my opinion, it is better for people to become vegetarians.
I think it is better for people to become vegetarians.
In my view, it is better for people to become vegetarians.
You don’t need to eat meat.
You needn’t eat meat.
7. Vitamins can be found in tofu and salad.
There are vitamins ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in tofu and salad. / Tofu and salad contain vitamins.
8. To kill animals for food is cruel.
It’s cruel to kill animals for food.
9. I lose my appetite for meat.
I don’t want to eat meat.
10. Lots of people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get ill because the farmers use the pesticides on vegetables.
Lots of people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get ill because of the pesticides the farmers use on vegetables.
11. No more bits of dead animals for me.
I don’t want to eat bits of dead animals (meat) any more.
Grammar
need
一．用作实义动词
作为实义动词，need后面的宾语可以是名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词、动名词、动词不定式或代词，这种情况下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does.
1．need sth.
这是need最常见的用法之一，其后的宾语可以是名词，也可以是代词。如：
We need a great deal of money now. 我们需要和多钱。
2．need doing 与 need to be done
need后面可跟动名词作宾语，这种情况下应注意两点：
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；
②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：
The door needs painting.
= The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。
Your car needs mending.
= Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。
3．need to do sth.
作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。如：
You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你妈妈。
二．用作情态动词
一般用于否定句和疑问句，或用于由if或whether引导的宾语从句中，一般不能用于肯定句。
例如：
Need I type this letter again 我需要重新录入将这封信吗？
There is enough time. You needn’t hurry. 有的是时间，你不必着急。
---Must I hand in my homework now 现在我必须交作业吗？
---No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。
must/ have to
Bob can not come o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut to play because he ________ help his Dad in the garden.
A.can B.can not C.has to D.must
两词都是'必须'的意思，have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
在否定结构中： don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止"
You don't have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
Step 4: Practice
词性转换
1.Would you mind __________ a few questions (answer)
2.The group did a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot of ________ research to study DNA of human beings. (science)
3.It’s not necessary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to risk ________alone in the rain forest. (travel)
4.---The cost of living will come down.
----I _________with this idea because I don’t think that is true. (agree)
5.Our country is ri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch in natural resources, ________coal and oil. (include)
6.Do you have a _______diet If not, what can you do to improve your diet (balance)
7.My friend Joan tal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked _______than before. I wondered what was wrong with her. (little)
8.At rush hour, the st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reets are very _______in the centre of the city. (crowd)
9.Ivy stayed __________the whole night after she broke up with her boy friend. (wake )
10.Tom was not stro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng enough and picked the _________apples of all the boys. (few)
短语填空
A. keep....from B. change the subject C. a balanced diet D. keep awake E. losing weight F. had an argument G. show her feeling H. take the risk of I. is worth J. On the other hand
1. On the one ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd, I don't have any extra money now. _____ .I really want to have that nice dress.
2. The fat lady s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earched the net to find an effective way of ________.
3. My brother ______ with my parents because they were not pleased with his hairstyle.
4. I don't th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink this book _______ reading though it's one of the best sellers.
5. Something ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) must be done to _______ the factories _____ pouring waste water into the water.
6. Let's _______ since you're not interested in fashion.
7. Pansy is such a shy girl that she afraid to _______.
8. Steven decided to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ being caught to get his Game boy from the teachers' office.
9. Eating more fruit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and vegetables is very important in keeping ______________.
10. The soldier tried ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) very hard to ___________ but couldn't help falling asleep at last
句型转换
It’s unfair fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the teacher to keep the students in the classroom after school,_________ ____________ (反义疑问句)
Will you please not go to sleep when you’re on duty (同义句)
Will you please ___________ _________ when you’re on duty
Sue argued with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me about if students should take cell phones to campus.
Sue _________ _________ _________ with me about if students should take cell phones to campus.
4.”Stand in a line” The teacher told us.(变成间接引语)
The teacher _________ us __________ ____________ in a line.
5.”The earth travels around the sun ” father told me . (变成间接引语)
Father told me _________ the earth __________around the sun.
6.We have little time for lunch, __________ ___________ (反义疑问句)
7.“Are there any sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )usages left in the fridge ” Benny asked me. （变成间接引语）
Benny asked me ____________ there __________ any sausages in th fridge.
Somethimes it’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hard for them to tell what is right and what is wrong.(同义句)
Sometimes it is hard for them to ________ right ________ wrong.
9 If you’re bored about cooking, let’s talk about something else..
If you’re bored abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut cooking, let’s __________ __________ _____________.
You can see few p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople in the street on the cold wet morning ,________ ________ (反义疑问句)
课文缩写填空
Debbie and Simon a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re having lunch in a restaurant. Debbie orders a steak, a chicken and sausages, but Simon doesn’t want 1_____________ of meat.He says he has become a 2____________ since he saw a TV 3____________on the meat 4__________ . The animals have to be 5___________ in tiny spaces before they’re 6___________. Therefore, they’re given 7______________ to be kept from getting 8_________. Maybe the drugs are still in the meat when it is served at dinner table. In his 9_________, eating vegetarian food is both good for people’s 10___________ and the 11___________. But Debbie has different ideas. She thinks meat 12_____________ vitamins and minerals that are not found in vegetables, and lots of people are ill because farmers use 13__________ on the vegetables. To stop the 14________, they agreed on changing the 15____________.
选择
1.My little brother ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) eats _____ vegetable, which makes my mother worried.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
2. Mr. Smith said he ____ to Japan on business next month.
A. will fly B. would fly C. is flying D. flew
3.The conduc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tor reminded the passengers ______ any of their belongings on the bus.
A. not to leave B. not leave C. don’t leave D. don’t to leave
4.Kate said that she__ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B.had never gone C.has never been D.had never been
5.The students wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nted to know whether they ____ P.E. lesson today since there was a slight rain.
A. had B .has C .will have D. would have
6.She asked Linda if ____ go and get some more drink.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
7.Linda said Beijing _____ they capital of China.
A. is B. was C. to be D. had been
8.She didn’t know _____back soon
A. whether he would be B. if would he be
C whether he will be D if will he be
9. I don’t know _____he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C what D when
10.He asked me _____told me about the accident
A. whom B. which C. who D whose
11. — Damn! The task has driven me ______! PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
—Calm down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )! You have to take ____. You know, Rome was not built in one day. PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
A. crazy; steps ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. amazed; steps C. crazy; turns D. amazed; turns PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
12. —Jenny, you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are too ___ . You should do more exercise and eat more
vegetables to _______. PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
— But it is too hard for me to do that. PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
A. thin; put on weight B. fat; lose weight PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
C. thin; lose weight D. fat; put on weight PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
13. — What about the film you watched last night PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
— The film ___ we saw last night made us very happy ___ its happy ending. PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
A. who; because of B. which; because of
C. what; because D. which; because PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语 PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
14. —Some stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents spend a lot of time ___ with friends on the Internet every day. PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
— They shouldn’t do that. It will ______ their study. PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
A. chatting; influence B. speaking; influence
C. chatting; hurt D. speaking; hurt PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
15. — Are you ready to ______, a cup of tea or some coffee PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
— _____. I often have a cup of water at this time of day. PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语
A. prefer; Either B. order; Neither
C. prefer; Neither D. order; Either PT9新课程英语教育—学生双语报—高考英语