Unit7 poems 同步学案 第一课时
一、祈使句（imperatives）
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )1.祈使句的定义及句式特征：
定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。
Go and wash your hands. (表命令) Be quite, please. （Please be quiet.）（表请求）
Be kind to your sister.（表劝告） Watch your steps.（表警告）
No parking. (表禁止)
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )2.肯定形式（动词原形开头）
1）以系动词be开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构：be+形容词 / 名词
Be quiet / quick! Be a good student!
Be careful when crossing the street.
2）以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为：动词原形+宾语（+其他）。
Come in, please！ Please open your books！
Put them away!
3)let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）
Let him do it by himself. Let me help you.
Let’s go to the park.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )3.否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词（never）来表示）
1）be型【Don’t be +其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语）】
Don’t be careless! Never be late again next time!
【注意】：①在这种句型中，be不能省略 ②否定副词not不可置于be之后
2）do型（Don’t +动词原形+其他）
Don’t believe him! Don’t worry! Never do it again!
3）Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式
a）. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他
Let her not do that. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Let’s not think about it. It’s only a waste of time.
b）. Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Don’t let Jim do that. Don’t let us go, please.
4) 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词 / V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！ No parking!
【注意】：
1). 在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )婉的语气，可以在句首或句末please，但是如果please加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。
Sit down, please. Please look after the twins.
2). 在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。 This way, please.
3). 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用do. Do be careful！一定要小心！
4). 有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语you，人名或everybody, anybody等不定代词。
You sweep the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) floor and I clean the window. Stand up, everybody.
5).有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。
Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )4.祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分,通常有以下三种形式：
1).祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。
Be sure to write to us, will you 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2).祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3). Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如：
Let the boy go first, will you 让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )5.祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：
形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)
意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。
在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：
--- Don’t go out, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
---- Yes, I wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )6. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。
二、感叹句（exclamations）
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )（一）、感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号，读时一般用降调。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )（二） 、感叹句的基本句型
【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！
What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！
What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！
What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！
【说明】 在感叹句中，What a / an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用 what a / an，如：
What a heavy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊！What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊！
What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！
【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！
How well you look! 你气色真好! How kind you are! 你心肠真好!
How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听! Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!
How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！
【说明】how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：
How I want to be a doctor! 我多么想成为一名医生啊！ How she dances! 她跳得多好啊！
感叹句型总结
How +形容词+ a +名词+其他成分！
How+形容词或副词+其他成分！
What +名词+其他成分！
What +a+形容词+名词+其他成分！
What + 形容词+复数名词+其他成分！
What + 形容词+不可数名词+其他成分！
请看以下例子：
①It’s an interesting film. 这是一部有趣的电影。
→What an interesting film it is! 这是一部多有趣的电影啊！
②It’s wonderful weather. 天气很好。
→What wonderful weather! 天气真好！
③He did the work carefully. 他做这工作很仔细。
→How carefully he did the work! 他做这工作多仔细啊！
④Time passed quickly. 时间过得很快。
→How quickly time passed! 时间过得真快
【难点1】
what类感叹句省略形容词
1. 当其中的名词带有形容词的意味时【重点】
What luck! 真幸运! What fools! 真是些笨蛋!
What a surprise! 真是意想不到! What fun we could have! 我们玩得多开心啊
2. 当进行批评时
What nonsense! 一派胡言! What a shame! 多可耻(惜)! What a mess! 多么脏乱啊!
3. 当表示强调或夸张时
Oh, what a lie! 啊，多大的谎言! What a night! 多糟糕的一个晚上！
4. 当表示蔑视时
What a man he is! 那家伙算什么!
注：有时在没有上下文，意思可能不确定。如：What a day! 看这天气! (是褒是贬，视具体情况而定)
【难点2】
how在感叹句中修饰动词
感叹句有时可用“how+主语+动词”构成，此是how直接用于修饰动词。如：
How I missed you. 我多么想念你啊。 How you’ve grown! 你都长这么大啦!
How you’ve changed! 你的变化真大! How he wished for a drink! 他多希望能有点东西喝!
How things g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et around! Everyone must know you are in town.消息传得多快!人们一定知道你到城里来了。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )（三）、注意
（1）要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many， much， little， few，遇此情况要用how，即使它们后面跟有名词：
How many books he h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as！ 他的书真多！ How much money he gave her！ 他给了她好多钱呀！
How little mone ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y I have！ 我的钱多么少呀！ How few friends he has！ 他的朋友真少！
比较：What a little box it is！ 多小巧的盒子呀！（该little不表示数量）
（2）有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略：
How fast！ 多快呀！ How nice！ 多好呀！
How beautiful！ 多美呀！ How nice of you to come！ 你来了真好！
一、单项选择：
1. Please ____, they’re having a meeting.
A. not be so nois ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y B. be quite C. mustn’t talk D. no speaking
2. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.
A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don’t forget
3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____
A. won’t we B. will you C. don’t we D. shall we
4. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____
A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you
5. ______ me go. It is very important for me.
A. Do let B. Let do C. Doing let D. To do let
6. He is not honest. ______ believe him.
A. Not B. Don’t C. To not D. Not to
7. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.
A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got
8. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play
9. Lucy, ____ the door or someone will come in.
A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing
10. ____ and play football in the street after lunch.
A. Let’s not to go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. Let’s not go C. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go
11. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus.
A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking
12. ____ Chinese in you English class.
A. Not speak B. Don’t speak C. Speak not D. Don’t speaking
13 . _____ the boxes. You may use them later.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept
14. Never come late again, ______
A. will you B. won’t you C. do you D. does he
15. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )own B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it
16. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green.
A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't
17. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
18. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell
二. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late.
2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.
4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.
5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.Unit7 poems 同步学案(第二课时)
感叹句巧解五法
1、一找·二断·三辨·四确定：
构成感叹句的感叹词有两个：what和how，其基本结构是：
1）What＋名词＋陈述肯定式：
2）How＋形容词（或副词）＋陈述肯定式
很多初学者常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如：
①____cold water this is！ A．How B．What
②____cold it is！ A．What B．How
【如果我们采取“一找·二断·三辨· ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。“一找”即先找出句中的主语。“二断”就是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开。例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开（因this是指示代词），断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性，也就是所谓“三辨”，句①中断线前的词是water，而water是名词。第四步，就可迅速确定如果是名词就选what。所以第一例句就选B。用这个方法我们会对上面第二个例句作出如下判断：____cold｜it is！断开线其前cold是形容词，故应填How。
上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法，即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。】
不过还要注意，如果断开后，断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词，千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a（an）。例如：
____nice present it is！
A．How B．What
C．How D．What a
用上述方法，从present与it之间断开，断线前present是名词，且为单数可数名词，nice又以辅音开头，故选D。
2、“断→找→去→添→改”五步法：
若把一个陈述句变为感叹句，可以采取这“五步法”。如：The picture is very beautiful．
断：在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开：The picture is｜very beautiful．
找：划出断线后的中心词是何词类。
去：中心词是形容词或副词时，要把 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。（比如本句中心词beautiful是形容词，修饰该词的是very，变时应去掉very。但须注意，线后如果是名词，名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。
添：就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词，就添What；是形容词或副词就添How。
改：将陈述句句前的大写改为小写，将变为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首，感叹词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。
据此，上句就变成了：How beautiful the picture is！
再如：要把“He is a goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d student．”变成感叹句，可如上法炮制：He is｜a good student．中心词是名词student，a good为修饰student的修饰语，不能去掉，故变成感叹句应选感叹词what，变成：What a good student he is！
3、一断·二加·三换位：
例：1）This is a beautiful flower·
2）This flower is beautiful．
“一断”：在谓语动词后将此句划断。
1）This is｜a beautiful flower．2）This flower is｜beautiful．
“二加”：在第二部分前加引起感叹句的“What或How”；中心词为名词时加“What”；是形容词、副词加“How”。
1）What a beautiful flower…
2）How beautiful…
“三换位”：将第一部分与第二部分对换位置。
1）What a beautiful flower this is！
2）How beautiful this flower is！
4、句型记忆法：
因how和what的词性及其在句中的功能不同，由它们引起的感叹句句型可归纳为7种。如果记住这7种句套子，做任何感叹句题都易如反掌。
例：从题前A、B、C、D所表示的词或短语中选择正确答案，完成下列各句：
A=What B=What a C=What an D=How
①____pleasant surprise you gave me！
②____good news we have got！
③____good a TV set we’ye bought！
④____unpleasant experience you had last year！
答案依次为BADC。
5、歌诀记忆法：
感叹句中what和how的选用，关键 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )看形容词后面是否有名词。如果有，用what（a，an）；如果没有，用how（至于副词，其前永远用how）。
记住下面歌诀更方便。
what，how如何选？ 先在后面把名词找，
若有名词用what， 若无名词必用how。
what，how提句首， 其它紧跟别忘了。
主谓一起挪最后, 常常可以被省掉。
练习：
Water has no taste .睡根本没有味道。
Now, he is sitting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in his favourite chair tired laugh or to play.
现在，他正坐在他最喜欢的椅子上，太累了，笑不动，也玩不动。
Soon he’ll go to .不久他就会去睡觉。
Then I see him , on the building .之后，我在建筑工地上看到他在工作。
He’s in the clouds higher than a kite. 他高高地站在云中，比风筝还高。
He’s working ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on a piece of wood not the height.
他正走在一块狭窄的木板上，并不担心它的高度。
He’s at the newspaper stand, the bus stop, and he’s .
他坐在报摊前，就在车站旁，他微笑着。
A bus stops, and the people 公车停了，人们鱼贯而出。
They’re to work. 他们赶去上班。
A of people, all very busy, tired faces.一群人，都非常忙碌，面带倦容。
Or will you it two 还是你愿意成为第二个？
dawn dusk, I never stop. 从破晓到黄昏，我从不停止。
We drive the street night to stop and those who fight .
我们沿着街道彻夜行驶，拦截小偷，阻止斗殴。
翻译下列句子
1 是谁告诉你那件事的？ 我根本就不认识艾迪 （not ....... at all )
_____________________________________________________________
2 很多人都喜欢起床后洗个澡 （have a bath )
_____________________________________________________________
3 这个箱子太重了，我扛不动 （ too........to )
_____________________________________________________________
4 我太矮了，够不到那本书 （too.......to)
_____________________________________________________________
5 你通常几点去睡觉？( go to bed )
____________________________________________________________
6 我昨晚睡不着，所以今天我有点不舒服( go to sleep, a bit )
____________________________________________________________
7 春天里，你可以看到很多蝴蝶和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )蜜蜂在花园里飞舞（see........doing something ) ______________________________________________________________
8 公交车停了，很多人冲了出来( rush out )
____________________________________________________________
9 ---- 你今天早上为什么急匆匆赶去学校？ -------- 因为我们开校运会
_____________________________________________________________
10 我昨天晚上在那棵树下看到一群蚂蚁（a crowd of )
_____________________________________________________________
【把下列句子改为感叹句】
1. It’s a quite a nice present.
____________ ____________ nice present it is!
2. We have fine weather today.
___________ ____________ weather we have today !
3. It’s sunny today.
___________ ___________ sunny day it is today !
4. The children are working hard.
___________ __________ the children are working!!
5. She played basketball wonderfully.
___________ ___________ she played basketball !
6. He is good at singing.
___________ _________ he sings !
7. The fish is very lovely.
___________ __________ the fish is !
8. They live a happy life today.
___________ ____________ ____________ life they live today !
【感叹句专练】
1. ____ a nice watch it is!
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
2. ____ bright girls they are!
A. What B. What a C. How D. how a
3. ____ interesting the film is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
4. ____ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
5. ____ hard work it is!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
6. ____ day it is! It’s rainy again.
A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine
7. ____ great day July 1,1997 will be!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
8. ____ expensive trousers!
A. What B. What a C. How D. What an
9. ____ girl she is!
A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright
10. ____ weather we have today!
A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine
11. ____ careless he is！
A. What B. How C. So much D. How much
12. Oh, John, ____ you gave us!
A. How a pleasant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
13. ____ useful work they have done!
A. What B. How C. What a D. What an
14. ____ nice picture you gave me!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
15、The little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) boy saved his classmates in the earthquake. ________brave he was!
A. What B. How C. What a D. What an
二、单选题（课本基础知识）
1 —Which do you prefer, tea or coffee
—_____.I’d like some water.
A Both. B Either C Neither. D None.
2 Do you think people will take pills ____meal in the future
A as B of C in D for
3 I hope people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will not ____the earth. It will be a good place to live in/
A enjoy B make C keep D pollute
4 We____ about the plan next week, so you must prepare for it.
A have talk B will talk C would talk D talked
5 Please ____your name and address on this piece of paper.
A seal B sign C write D hope
6 I hope there will be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ____food for everyone, so people can live a good life.
A some B any C enough D little
7 ____is happy, because New Year is coming.
A Nobody B Anybody C Somebody D Everybody
8 Close the box and seal it _____tape.
A by B with C in D for
9 It makes me feel disappointed, so you ____do that again.
A can’t B won’t C needn’t D could
三、适当形式填空
1 They are ______about the computer in the future.(talk)
2 They are from ___________(difference) countries.
3 The air ________is terrible.(pollute)
4 There will be many _______(city) under the sea in the future.
5 What will happen in ten ______(year) time
6 Write down your name,____ _ (反义疑问句)
7 There will be summer and winter in the future.(改为否定句)
There ______ be summer____ winter in the future.
8 There will be enough food for everyone in the future.(画线部分提问)
______ _______ ______ _______there be for everyone in the future
9 He will be back in three days.(画线部分提问)
_______ _______will he be back
10 What are they _____about (talk)
四、完形填空
One day, a boy had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his 1 and told him his story angrily. “He is really bad,” the boy said, “and I 2 him.” The grandfather said, “ 3 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did...” As the boy 4 carefully, the grandfather went on, “There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 5 and kind. He gets on well 6 everything around him. But 7 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can’t think carefully 8 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control(控制) me. ” The boy looked into his grandfather’s 9 and asked, “ 10 tiger always controls you, Grandfather ” The old man said slowly and seriously, “The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom(很少) get angry now. ”
1. A. mother B. father C. teacher D. grandfather
2. A. love B. hate C. know D. enjoy
3. A. Make B. Help C. Let D. Ask
4. A. saw B. felt C. talked D. listened
5. A. good B. bad C. lazy D. quiet
6. A. at B. on C. with D. about
7. A. other B. others C. another D. the other
8. A. because B.though C.before D. but
9. A. eyes B. ears C. nose D. mouth
10. A. Who B. Which C. Where D. When
