(共30张PPT)
Grammar
冠词
(Articles)
一、冠词概述
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,位于名词前,用以说明该名词的含义;
不定冠词:a/an
定冠词:the
零冠词
二、冠词的用法
1.不定冠词的用法:
不定冠词有a/an:a 用于辅音音素或半元音音素开头的单词前;
an 用于元音音素开头的单词前;
1) 泛指某一类人、事或物,相当于any;
We judge a person not by what he says but by what he does.
表示同一类的全体时,有以下3种表达:
A horse is a useful animal.
The horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
2) 泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物;
A girl is waiting for you. A john called you just now.
3) 表示数量,有“一”的意思;
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林
区别:不定冠词 a表示类别,one强调数目:
A book is good to us.书对于我们来说有好处
(表示书籍这一类别)
One book is far from enough.一本书是远远不够的
(需要两本或更多的书)
4) 表示“每一”,相当于per,用于表示时间、数量或单位的名词前;
I used to go to the gym three times a week, but I don’t work out any more.
The car is traveling at 120 kilometers an hour.
每周两次:
twice a/each/every/per week(√)
Twice one week(×)
5) 用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”;
I want a second cup of coffee. 我还想再要一杯咖啡。
Do you want a second chance 你想再要一次机会吗?
6) 用于不可数名词前,表示“一种,一份,一场”等意义;
It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
China is a country which has a long history.
7) 抽象名词具体化,表示一个具体情况、一次具体动作;
Music is really a great pleasure.
He is a success .
8) 用于表示“一……”之意的物质名词前;
All at once,the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.
天空立刻布满乌云,不到一分钟我们就处在一场可怕的风暴中了
A gentle wind disturbed the surface of the water.一阵清风拂动水面
9) 表示“同一”,相当于the same;
We are just of an age. 我们正好同岁(相当于the same age)
Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚
10) 用于同源宾语前;
dream a sweet dream. 做了一个甜美的梦 sleep a sound sleep 睡得很香
smile an attractive smile 笑的迷人 fight a hard fight 进行艰苦的斗争
live a happy life 过着幸福的生活
英语中含有不定冠词的固定短语有:
in a flash一刹那 all of a sudden突然
in a word总而言之 as a matter of fact事实上
in a hurry匆忙 have a try试一试
as a result结果 as a whole大体上
at a loss 茫然 make a living谋生
in a sense在某种意义上 once in a while偶尔
2.定冠词的用法:
1) 指上文提到过的、特定的人或事物,或双方都明确的人或事物;
For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell , rose and fell.
The man who knows most forgives most. 最明事理者最能宽恕人
2) 指世界上独一无二的事物;
the earth 地球 the sun 太阳 the solar system 太阳系
the mars 火星 the tropics 热带地区 the equator 赤道
拓展:当表示自然现象的名词前有形容词修饰时,其前可用不定冠词;
When can we enjoy a new moon
3) 用于序数词、形容词最高级前;
The first public showings of wireless TV transmissions were made in 1925 in theUSA and in 1926 in Britain.
The greatest talkers are always the least doers. 言语的巨人往往是行动的侏儒。
最高级前用a/an的不同:
a most beautiful seaside city 一座非常美丽的海滨城市
the most beautiful seaside city 一座最美丽的海滨城市
4) 用于某些形容词或形容词化的过去分词前,表示“某一类人或事物”;
The impossible is often the untried. 不可能的事往往是未尝试过的事
(the impossible指不可能的事,the untried指未尝试过的事,相当于名词)
5) 用于姓氏复数形式前,表示“夫妇俩”或“全家人”;
The Curies, who devoted both of their lives to science, are still remembered today.
居里夫妇将毕生都献给了科学,至今仍为人们所怀念
6) 用于表示地点、方位词前或表示时间的词组或习语中;
in the north在北方 on the right在右边
in the center在中央 in the daytime在白天
7)用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前;
I started to play the violin at eight.
8)用于表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、国家和党派的专有名词前;
the Yellow River 黄河 the Black Sea 黑海
the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Himalayas喜马拉雅山
the Philippines菲律宾群岛 the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉
the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾 the Yangtze River 长江
9)用于普通名词构成的专有名词前;
the Great Wall长城 the summer Palace颐和园 the New York Times《纽约时报》 the United Nations 联合国 = the UN
注意:孤岛、孤山前一般不用冠词,如Mount Tai
(泰山)
10)用于年代、朝代及逢十的数词前,表示某个年代;
the Tang Dynasty 唐朝
the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期
in the 1980’s/1980s 在二十世纪八十年代
on the contrary 正好相反 in the distance在远处
by the way顺便说一下 at the sight of一看见……
on the whole整体上 on the air在播出
in the darkness在黑暗中 to tell the truth 说实话
make the most of 充分利用 on the left在左边
in the end最后 to the point切题
归纳
3.零冠词的用法:
1)表示泛指含义的专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前;
Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London.海德公园
Happiness is a direction, not a place.
2)复数名词泛指一类人或物或表示不定量的人或物时;
Billboards, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio and television are the most common places to find advertisements. 广告牌、报纸、杂志、互联网、广播和电视
3)在星期、月份、季节和节假日前;
If winter comes, can spring be far behind
Thanksgiving Day falls on the 4th Thursday in November.
拓展:表示特定意义的月份、季节和中国传统节日的名词前通常加定冠词;
I don’t like the spring of Jinan ; it’s too sandy.我不喜欢济南的春天,风沙太大了。
4)在称呼前或表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补语及同位语时,其前不用冠词;
I’m captain of the class team at school and I’m also a member of the Senior High team.在学校我是班级队的队长,我也是高中队的成员。(captain作表语表示职务,其前不加冠词。)
We made him chairman of the Student’s Union.(chairman作宾语补足语,前面不加冠词)
5)在表示学科、三餐,语言、棋类和球类运动的名词前;
They can choose other subjects like Art, Computer Science or languages such as Spanish and German.
6)与by连用的交通工具名词前;
Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.
Now many people want to travel by plane.
7)由音译地名组成的街道、广场、公园、旅馆和大学名称前;
Beijing University北京大学 Beihai Park北海公园
8)and连接的两个名词指同一个人或两样东西“自然成对”时;
第二个名词前不加冠词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;
a worker and writer 一个工人兼作家(一个人两种身份)
a knife and folk 刀叉
A needle and thread 针线
注意:表示两个人或事物时,每个名词前都要加冠词;
a worker and a writer 一个工人和一个作家
9)当两个相同名词或两个相对名词并列使用时;
相同名词并列使用:
Year after year 年复一年 little by little 逐渐地
Face to face 面对面 day by day 逐日
Arm in arm 胳膊挽着胳膊 hand in hand 手拉手
相对名词并列使用:
Heart and soul 全心全意 day and night 日日夜夜
10)名词前有指示代词、物主代词、所有格等限定词时;
I like this flower. Please pass it to me.
This is my address. Let’s keep in touch.
无冠词 有冠词
go to school 上学(是学生) go to the school 到学校去
(不一定是学生)
go to bed 就寝,上床睡觉 go to the bed向床走去;走到床前 (不一定睡觉)
be in change of负责…… be in the charge of有……负责
in office执政 in the office在办公室
in sight of能看见 in the sight of据……的见解
out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 根本不可能
go to sea出海(是海员) go to the sea向大海走去
at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌旁
take place 发生 take the place of 代替
in place of代替 in the place of在……的地方
冠词巩固练习
选择合适的冠词填空
1.Look! ______ little dog is under my desk.
_______ dog is my uncle’s.
2.Can you give me ______ apple
3.There is ______ “I” and _____ “T” in the word “it”.
4._________ girl in red is my sister.
5.______ moon turns around the earth.
a
The
an
an
a
The
The
6.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall.
7.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour.
8. _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse.
9.____ doctor told him to take _____medicine three times_____day.
10.Let's go out for _______ walk.
a
an
the
a
an
An
a
The
the
a
a
11.It's too hot.Open _______ door,please.
12.There is _______ woman over there. _______ woman is Meimei's mother.
13. _______ sun rises in _______ east.
14. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in____ China.
15.Are you going to do it _______ second time?
the
a
The
The
the
The
the
\
a
16.Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA.
17. _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street.
18.He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995.
19. _____old man is ____teacher.
He likes playing _____basketball after _______ supper.
20.After I had _______ quick breakfast,I hurried to school.
The
the
The
the
the
\
The
a
\
\
a
翻译词组
一刹那 匆忙
总而言之 事实上
突然 结果
大体上 茫然
谋生 偶尔
在北方 在白天
正相反 在远处
顺便说一下 一看见……
整体上…… 在播出
在黑暗中 切题
一刹那 in a flash 匆忙 in a hurry
总而言之 in a word 事实上 as a matter of fact
突然 all of a sudden 结果 as a result
大体上 as a whole 茫然 at a loss
谋生 make a living 偶尔 once in a while
在北方 in the north 在白天 in the daytime
正相反 on the contrary 在远处 in the distance
顺便说一下 by the way 一看见…… at the sight of
整体上…… on the whole 在播出 on the air
在黑暗中 in the darkness 切题 to the point
go to school go to the school
go to bed go to the bed
be in change of be in the charge of
in office in the office
in sight of in the sight of
out of question out of the question
go to sea go to the sea
at table at the table
in open in the open air
by day by the day
go to school 上学(是学生) go to the school 到学校去(不一定是学生)
go to bed 就寝,上床睡觉 go to the bed 向床走去;走到床前(不一定睡觉)
be in change of 负责…… be in the charge of 有……负责
in office 执政 in the office 在办公室
in sight of 能看见 in the sight of 据……的见解
out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 根本不可能
go to sea 出海(是海员) go to the sea 向大海走去
at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌旁
in open 公开 in the open air 在户外
by day 在白天 by the day 按日计算
翻译句子
1.中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。
2.我们看一个人,不是根据他的话语而是根据他的行为。
3.汽车以每小时120千米的速度前行。
4.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
5.他们的均衡饮食很成功,不久王鹏瘦了一些,而永慧的体重也增加了。
1.中国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家。
China is a country which has a long history.
2.我们看一个人,不是根据他的话语而是根据他的行为。
We judge a person not by what he says but by what he does.
3.汽车以每小时120千米的速度前行。
The car is traveling at 120 kilometers an hour.
4.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
5.他们的均衡饮食很成功,不久王鹏瘦了一些,而永慧的体重也增加了。
Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.
Thank you