2023届高考英语二轮复习： 介词 课件( 共35张）

(共35张PPT)
Grammar
介 词
(Preposition)
介词综述
介词是一种虚词，本身不能单独使用或充当句子成分，其后必须跟宾语。
介词与其宾语构成介词短语，在句中作状语、表语、补语和定语。
一、介词的分类
1.根据介词的构成分类
1）简单介词:指的是由一个单词构成的介词
about关于 after在…之后 before在……之前
by通过 in在…里面 like像……
near在附近 under在…下方 up在…上
beyond在…以外 to往，通向 against逆着，靠着 beneath在…底下 off从…离开
有些介词也可用作副词，如off, in, about等
Keep off the grass 请勿踩踏草坪。（off为介词）
She took off her gloves.她摘掉了手套。（off为副词）
2）合成介词:指的是由两个词合在一起构成的介词
inside在里面 into进入…中
throughout在…期间，遍及 upon在…上面
within在…里面 without没有
outside在外边 towards向，朝
3）双重介词:指的是由两个介词组成的介词。
up to多达 out of在…外 at about在大约…
from…behind从…后面 until after直到…之后
4）短语介词 由两个或两个以上的单词构成，其作用只相当于一个介词
according to根据 as a result of由于
except for除了 for the sake of为了
in case of以防 in spite of尽管
in view of由于，鉴于 on behalf of代表
owing to由于 with reference to关于
5)分词介词:指的是以分词形式出现的介词
concerning关于，就…而言 considering就…而言
excluding除…外 following由于
including包括 regarding关于
2.根据介词的意义分类
1）表示时间的介词
at在…时 on…在…时 in在…后
around大约 since自从 by到…为止
between在…之间 past过 during在…期间
from…to从…到… for长达
2）表示地点的介词
around在…周围 on在…上 above在…上
under在…下方 in在…里 below在…下方
over在…正上方 at在 behind在…后面
near在…附近 to到 into到…里面
beside在…旁边 from从 towards朝…
between在…中间 by在…旁边 off离开
3）表示方式的介词
by借助于 in用 with用
4）表示原因的介词
for因为 from因为
with因为 because of因为
5）表示条件的介词
but for要不是 without没有
considering假若 in case of万一
6）表示让步的介词
in spite of尽管 despite尽管
for all尽管 with all尽管、不顾
7）表示比较的介词
as像 like像 over超过 to比
二、介词的宾语
能用作介词的宾语的通常为名词、代词和其他一些具有名词功能的词或短语，有时也可以是一个wh- 从句
1.名词或代词
The subway runs under this street.
I have no money about me.
2.形容词或副词
His pronunciation is far from perfect.
An apple dropped from above.
3.介词短语
She practiced playing the piano under after his coming.
4.动词不定式或动名词
We had no choice but to wait the result.
5.名词性从句
I had no idea of what he wanted.
I accepted nothing except what was due to me.
三、介词短语的句法功能
介词和介词的宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语等
1.做状语
表示时间、地点、方式、条件、目的、原因等
Spielberg was born in the state of Ohio, America, in 1946.
（介词短语表时间和地点）
What can I do for you in return for your help （介词短语表目的）
The sports meeting was put off till next Sunday because of the rain.
（ 介词短语表示原因）
2.作定语
介词短语作定语通常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后
The girl in red is my friend Mary.
3.作表语
介词短语位于连系动词之后。对主语进行补充、说明
The dictionary is of great help to English beginners.
4.做宾语补足语
It’s wrong to think oneself above others. 自以为高人一等是错误的。
1. in, on, at
1）in表示在较长的一段时间内;常用于表示年、季节、周或泛指上午、下午或晚上
in August in Spring in the 21st century in the morning
2）at表示时间点，即钟点、（做某事）时刻等
at six o’clock at noon at that time
3）on表示特定的日子，具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上
on New Year’s Day on Monday on May , 2020
注意：在以下短语中，
at表示时间段
At weekends在周末
At Christmas在圣诞期间
四、几组常见介词的用法比较
2. in, on, to
这三个词都可用于表示两者之间的方位关系
1）in表示在某范围之内
Shandong province lies in the east of China. 山东省位于中国东部。
2）on表示“接壤”，却互不管辖
Hebei province is on the north of Henan province. 河北省位于河南省的东部。
3）to表示在某范围之外，互不接壤，互不管辖
Jinzhou is to the west of Shenyang. 锦州在沈阳的西面。
3. in, after
1）in后接时间段，常用将来时态的谓语动词连用
My father will be back from abroad in three days.
2）after与表示一段时间的词连用，常接过去时态的谓语动词，
相当于“一段时间+later”
He left home and went to the front after two days/two days later.
After与表示时间点的词连用，表示过去或将来的概念，而in不可以：
I all go and see her after three o’clock.
4. by, before
1）by后接时间点，表示“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内
By the 1920s, he had became an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，到处寻找埃及国王的坟墓。
注意：by后接表示过去的时间时，句子多用过去完成时；
接表示将来的时间时，句子多用将来时或将来完成时
2）before表示“在某时之前”，不包括某时在内
Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library.
在我们旅行之前的几个月，我和王伟去了图书馆。
5. on, over, above
1）on 指与物体表面接触，在某物体的表面上
The house on Mango Street is ours, and we don’t have to pay rent to anybody.芒果节的房子是我们自己的，不用向任何人交房租。
2）over 指在物体的正上方，有时还表示“覆盖、越过”
Three mountains, Meili, Baimang and Haba, which are covered with snow, tower over the land.
梅里、白芒和哈巴3座山被白雪覆盖，矗立在大地上。
3）above 指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定垂直向上
Were they going to be stacked high above our streets, stuck in an endless holding pattern while we desperately tried to do our shopping 这些飞机会不会都聚集在街道的上空，因为迫切要去购物而不得不陷入无休止的等候？
6. between, among
1）between表示某人或物在两者之间，
常用“between A and B”或“between+复数名词”结构
Happiness is a way station between too much and too little.
幸福是太多与太少之间的一站。
注意：between在接三者或三者以上的物体时，是把这些物体分别看待，指每两者之间。
2）among表示某人与物“在三者或更多之间”；
其所在的范围内的人或物通常被视为一个整体
Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.
在这些珍稀动物中有白鹤、黑熊、豹子以及老虎。
7. through, across, past, over
1）through表示从内部穿过，与in有关
The signals go through glass, doors and walls. 信号能穿透门、玻璃和墙壁。
2）across表示从表面上通过，与on有关
During the day, we’ll work across the land, following the footprints of big animals such as elephants, lions and giraffes.
白天，我们将循着一些大型动物的足迹，比如大象、狮子、长颈鹿，穿越大地。
注意：across是介词，须与动词搭配，在句中作谓语；
cross是动词，可以单独在句中作谓语
3）past表示从旁边经过
They drove past a big supermarket. 她们开车经过一家大型超市。
4）over表示从上方跨过
The plane flew over the Great Wall. 飞机飞越长城。
8. except, besides, except for
1）except表示“除…之外（其余都）”，其后的宾语被排除在外
In 50 years of traveling Colin McCorquodale has visited every country in the world, except three.
在50年的旅游生涯中，科林·麦科克代尔参观了世界上除3个国家以外的所有国家。
2）besides表示“除…之外（其他的也）”，其后的宾语被包括在内
Besides films， VR might also have some other uses.
除了电影之外，虚拟现实也可以有其他的一些用途。
3）except for 也表示排除，但被排除的内容往往与主语不是同一类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面
He is a good man except for hot temper.
他是一个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。
9. with, by, in
表示工具、手段、材料时，with, by, in都表示“用”
1）with多指用具体的工具，或身体的某些器官
In the past, lanterns were usually lit by candles and decorated with pictures of birds, animals and flowers, etc.
过去，人们常用蜡烛点灯笼，用鸟、兽，花等图案装饰灯笼。
We see with eyes.
（2）by侧重某种方法、手段
They crossed the river by ferry. 她们乘船过了河。
（3）in指使用的语言和工具的具体类型
We visited the moon in our spaceship.
我们乘坐宇宙飞船访问了月球。
介词和介词短语巩固练习
选择填空
1.Peter realized his little sister was crying ________ what he had said．
Because B. because of C.as D. since
2.He is hard-working, for every time I go to see him, he is ________ work．
A. out of B. off C.in D.at
3. Lucy visited quite a few museums ___ her stay in England．
During B. among C. while D. since
4. I certainly agree ________your proposal．But I wonder if we two and the other members of the board will agree ________ the steps for the coming year．
A.to; with B.to; on C. on; with D. on; on
B
D
A
B
5.He likes travelling; he likes taking photos ________．
A.as well as B. either C. both D.as well
6.The reason ________ his going to France was _______he got a new job there．
for; because B. for; that C. of; because D. of; that
7.Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems____themselves, and solve their problems ______ themselves.
A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on
8. He invited me to a dance after the show____ Christmas Eve.
A. at B. on C. in D. by
D
B
A
B
9.Try on this red skirt; you will look great __________ it.
A. on B. by C. in D. for
10.Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’____the visiting hours.
A. during B. at C. beyond D. before
11. —You know, Bob is a little slow __________ understanding, so….
—So I have to be patient him.
A. in; with B. on ; with C. in; to D. at; for
12.No one helped me. I did it all _________myself.
A. for B. by C. from D. to
C
C
A
B
13.At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _______.
A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place
14.The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ____ little foreign ownership.
A. by B. of C. with D. from
15.Elizabeth has already achieved success _____ her wildest dreams.
A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon
16.The manager suggested an earlier date ____________ the meeting.
A. on B. for C. about D. with
A
C
B
B
翻译词组
根据 由于，鉴于
由于 尽管
除了 代表
为了 由于
以防 关于
根据 according to 由于，鉴于 in view of
由于 as a result of 尽管 in spite of
除了 except for 代表 on behalf of
为了 for the sake of 由于 owing to
以防 in case of 关于 with reference to
翻译句子
1.在深蓝色天空的映衬下，星星看起来格外明亮。
2. 全球气候变暖会导致洪水、旱灾和疾病的发生。
3. 鉴于这些事实，继续下去似乎是无益的。
4.月亮终于从云层后面露了出来。
5.他因为工作的原因租了那套公寓。
1.在深蓝色天空的映衬下，星星看起来格外明亮。
Stars look quite bright against the dark blue sky.
2. 全球气候变暖会导致洪水、旱灾和疾病的发生。
Floods，drought and disease will be caused as a result of global warming.
3. 鉴于这些事实，继续下去似乎是无益的。
In view of the facts, it seems useless to continue.
4.月亮终于从云层后面露了出来。
The moon finally peeped out from behind the clouds.
5.他因为工作的原因租了那套公寓。
It was because of the job that he had taken the flat.
6.她告诉他真相是出于真诚。
7. 尽管个子矮，她却是个出色的蓝球运动员。
8.除了等待结果我们别无选择。
9.除了我应得的，我并未接受任何东西。
10. 自以为高人一等是错误的。
6.她告诉他真相是出于真诚。
She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.
7. 尽管个子矮，她却是个出色的蓝球运动员。
Despite the fact that she is short, she is an excellent basketball player.
8.除了等待结果我们别无选择。
We had no choice but to wait the result.
9.除了我应得的，我并未接受任何东西。
I accepted nothing except what was due to me.
10. 自以为高人一等是错误的。
It’s wrong to think oneself above others.
11.河北省位于河南省的东部。
12.幸福是太多与太少之间的一站。
8. 在这些珍稀动物中有白鹤、黑熊、豹子以及老虎。
9. 信号能穿透门、玻璃和墙壁。
10. 他是一个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。
11.河北省位于河南省的东部。
Hebei province is on the north of Henan province.
12.幸福是太多与太少之间的一站。
Happiness is a way station between too much and too little.
8. 在这些珍稀动物中有白鹤、黑熊、豹子以及老虎。
Among the rare animals are cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers.
9. 信号能穿透门、玻璃和墙壁。
The signals go through glass, doors and walls.
10. 他是一个好人，只是脾气暴躁而已。
He is a good man except for hot temper.
Thank you