2023届高考英语二轮复习： 数词课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
Grammar
数词
(Numeral)
一、数词的概念及分类
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词；
1. 其中基数词、小数、分数和百分数表示数目或数量的多少；
序数词表示顺序或等级；
2. 在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语；
二、数词的用法
1. 基数词
1）构成:
① 1-12为基础词，13-19都以后缀-teen结尾；
thirteen，fifteen，eighteen 特殊
② 20-90的整十数都以后缀-ty结尾；
表示“几十几”时，在几十和个位基数词之间添加连字符“-”；
23 读作 twenty-three 75 读作 seventy-five
③ 三位数由“数字+ hundred + and +末尾数”构成；
101 读作 a hundred and one
320 读作 three hundred and twenty
648 读作 six hundred and forty-eight
④ 千位数以上的数字构成：从数字的右端向左端数起，
每三位数作为一个单位，分别为thousand，million和billion；
在 每一个单位内，按三位数的构成拼写，中间用逗号分开；
2,648 读作 two thousand six hundred and forty eight
15,250,264 读作 fifteen million two hundred and fifty thousand two hundred and sixty-four
7,237,166,234 读作 seven billion, two hundred and thirty-seven million,
one hundred and sixty-six thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
2）句法功能:
①作主语：Three exploded on London Underground Lines and another on a bus.
注意：应尽量避免句首使用阿拉伯数字
②作宾语：When angry, count ten before you speak; if very angry count a hundred.
③作定语：Four generals and four soldiers represent an army of thousands.
④作表语：I’m sixty-seven, but not too old to make a fresh start.
⑤作同位语：They four went out for a picnic last Sunday.
3）特殊用法：
①当 hundred，thousand，million等前有具体数字\several\a few
修饰时，表示确指概念，词尾一般不加-s——无s无of；
There are five hundred people in the company.
②当 hundred，thousand，million表示概指时，其词尾要加-s， 且与of连用；
其前不能用具体数字修饰时，但可被many\several\a few等修饰—有s有of；
There are billions of stars in the sky.
③ a. dozen与数词\many\several等连用时，无s无of;
b. 若其前所修饰的名词有these, those等限定词, 其后必须加of；
c. 当dozen修饰代词时，其后必须加of；
d. 表示“几十，许多”时，使用dozens of；
I’ve been there dozens of times.
④ score 前面有具体数字时，一般不用复数形式，常与of短语连用；
scores of 表示“几十，许多”；
Three score of people are girls.
2.序数词
1）构成:
序数词除了开头的3个词（first, second, third）有独特的形式外；
其他的词都是在基数词词尾加-th构成的;
My first impression of London is rainy and foggy and people with umbrella.
注意：序数词前用定冠词，但用作副词时前面不用冠词
2）句法功能
①作主语：The first is no good, the second was even worse.
②作定语：First impression are half the battle.
③作表语：You have to be first, best or different.
④作宾语：He chose the second.
常见的含有序数词的习惯表达：
from first to last 从始至终
in the first place 第一名
second to none 首屈一指
second nature 第二天性
on second thoughts 再考虑
second best 仅次于最好的
at the eleventh hour 在最后的时刻
3.小数、分数、百分数表示法:
1）小数的表示法：
小数点读作point，小数点前按基数词读，小数点后则需将数字依次读出；
25.25 读作 twenty-five point two five
3.237 读作 three point two one seven
2）分数的表示法：
分数由“基数词+序数词”构成，基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母，
当分子大于1时，在序数词后面要加-s；
Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea.
注意：带有整数的分数，在句首不能用数字表达，整数与分数之间用and连接；
3）百分数的表示法:
①百分数由“基数词+百分号”表示，百分号读作percent，
也可以用“%”表示，在句首时则用英语单词表示；
Ninety percent of the students in the class are fond of reading newspaper.
②不到百分之一的百分数可以用阿拉伯数字表达，也可以用单词表达；
0.4%：zero point four percent或0.3%
0.25%：one-quarter of 1 percent或0.25%
4.年龄、年份、年代、日期的表达：
① 表示“某人多大年龄”：
a.“at the age of+基数词”；
b.“基数词+years old”；
c.“基数词+of age”；
d. 直接用基数词表示；
At the age of five, the girl began to practice playing the piano.
② 表示“在某人几十多岁时”：
“in +one’s+整十的基数词的复数形式（如tens, twenties, thirties等）”
She began to wrote novels in her twenties.
③ 年份使用基数词，先读前一位或两位，再读后两位；
1999读作nineteen ninety-nine 1900读作nineteen hundred
2000读作two thousand 1905读作nineteen zero five
④ 表示“在…世纪…年代”用“in+ the+逢十的基数词的复数”；
基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加-s或-’s；
It is not rare in the 90s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
⑤ 日期表达：年份用基数词，日用序数词；
2021年7月8日：写作：July 8,1198 读作：July the eighth, twenty twenty-one
5. 编号表示法:
①在通常情况下，表示年级、班、课、房间等的编号时用基数词；
习惯上是名词在前，基数词在后，而且词首的字母要大写；
第12号：Number 12
301房间：Room 301
②一般编号用“名词+基数词”表示；
也可以用“the+序数词+名词”表示；
第48页：Page 48/the 48th page
第二部分：the second part/part 11
③电话号码用基数词，可以单个读，重复的数字也可读“double”，0 可读作 zero或o；
④邮政编码用postcode或zipe code开头，再将后面的数字依次读出；
6.倍数表示法:
1）“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+ than+ B”结构；
意为“A比B大（长、高、宽等）多少倍” ；
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
2）“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+ as+ B”结构；
意为“A是B的多少倍”；
The plane flew ten times as high as the bike.
3）“A+倍数+the size/height/length/width, etc. + of + B”结构；
意为“A是B的多少倍”；
This hill is four times the height of that small one.
4）“倍数/百分数（percent）+compared with/up on+比较对象”结构；
The number of visitors to the park in the first six months of this year was
10% up compared with last year.
二、主谓一致
1. 语法一致:
语法一致是指主语为单数形式，谓语也用单数形式；
主语为复数形式，谓语也用复数形式；
His father is working on the farm.
Swimming in the sea during summer holidays is great fun.
2）当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用and连接时，
谓语动词用复数形式；
But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car.
3）主语后有with，together with，along with，except，besides，as well as
等短语时，谓语动词的数与动词前面的名词的数保持一致；
The teacher with the students is playing the football on the playground.
4）当many a, more than one后面的名词接单数名词作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式；
Many a true word is spoken in jest. （笑谈之中有真理）
注意：“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
5）关系代词作主语，定语从句的谓语动词取决于先行词；
We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.
①当“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”，
且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
②当“one of+复数名词+定语从句”，
且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
6）“the number of…”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
“a number of…” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.
A number of small streams converge into a vast ocean.
7）“a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等+名词 ”结构作主语时，
谓语动词与表示计量单位的名词的单复数一致；
This pair of glasses is very expensive.
Five pieces of paper are painted red.
高频考点：
“a kind of/this kind of /many kind of+名词”和
“名词+of this kind”作主语时，谓语动词与of 前的名词保持数的一致；
This kind of apples is highly priced.
=Apples of this kind are highly priced.
2.意义一致:
意义一致是根据主语的意义，谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致；
当主语为单数形式但意义为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式；
当主语为复数形式但意义为单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式；
1）表示时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，常作为一个整体来看，
谓语动词用单数形式；
Two hours is too short for the visit.
25,000 miles is a long distance.
2）分数, 百分数, all, some, the rest, the remaining, part of, the majority等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词来决定；
Ninety-nine percent of failures come from people who have the habit of making excuses.
each one, no one, some/any/no/everybody/one/thing在句中
作主语或限定词时，谓语动词用单数形式；
each, all, both用作同位语时，谓语动词仍与主语保持一致；
Each of us has a book.
=We each have a book.
归纳
3）当“the+形容词”表示一类人或物时，谓语动词用复数形式；
表示抽象概念时， 谓语动词用单数形式；
The rich are not always happy.（the rich指一类人）
The beautiful is loved by all.（the beautiful表示抽象概念）
注意：“the+形容词”也可指一个人，此时，谓语动词用单数；
the poor 穷人 the living 活着的人 the rich 富有的人
the dead 死人 the wounded 伤员 the young 年轻人
归纳
4）当what引导的定语从句作主语时，谓语动词取决于主语从句自带的意义；
What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.
（what从句指代的是“罗马”）
What we have are only two houses.（what从句指代的是“两座房子”）
5）当主语为family, team, group, government等集体名词时，
如果看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；
如果侧重其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式；
Our team wins first in the football game.（team侧重于“队”这个整体）
My family are going on a trip this summer.（family指全体家人）
1）当集体名词people, cattle, police等作主语时，
谓语动词用复数形式；
2）以-sh, -ch, -ese等结尾的表示“国家的，民族的”形容词与定冠词the连用，表示整个民族，谓语动词用复数形式；
拓展
6）一些形式上是复数的名词，其实际意义为单数，
如politics，physics，news等，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7）population表示“人口”时：
a. 当表示一个国家或地区的居民数目，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
b. 当前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式；
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
Just under a third of the population now smokes/smoke in this country.
8）trousers, glasses, clothes等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
但若有a pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式；
My glasses are broken.
The pair of glasses is mine.
9）who, which, what 等疑问代词及such作主语时，
谓语动词要根据其后的名词表语来决定其单复数形式；
Who is the girl over there \ Which is your book, this one or that one
Such are your presents. \ Such is what he said.
3.就近原则:
是指谓语动词的数要与它最邻近的主语部分的数保持一致；
1）由or, either…or…，neither…nor…，not…but…，
not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语的
单复数保持一致；
Was he or you able to persuade her
Neither he nor I am going to the cinema.
2）在倒装句及there be结构中，若有几个并列成分作主语，
谓语动词的形式由最靠近的一个主语决定；
On the wall hang some pictures by Picasso.
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
4.主谓一致的特殊情况:
1）and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人或事物（第二个名词前没有限定词），
谓语动词要用单数形式；
The English teacher and head teacher is a young man.
2）and连接的并列主语是单数概念，且前面有every，each等词修饰时，
谓语动词用单数形式；
In our country , every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
3）“one/either/each of+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；
Each of us has a room in this school.
4）each作主语的同位语，主语为复数时，谓语动词应为复数形式；
The problem is that we each have different purposes.
5）表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
One and a half hours is enough.
6）“a/an+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
A student or two has failed the exam.
拓展：“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.
7）在“it+be+被强调部分+that/who…”结构中，
如果被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称和数保持一致；
It is I who am going to be a pilot.
8）“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
The majority of boys like football.
注意：the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；
9）当man（人类），the world（世界上的人，人类）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
Only man knows how to cook.
All the world knows that the earth is round.
10）“an average of+复数名词”作主语，意为“平均有……”，谓语动词用复数；
“the average of+复数名词”作主语，意为“……的平均数”，谓语动词用单数；
An average of 3,000 people come to visit this famous school every year.
The average of 14,3 and 1 is 6.
11）算术中的加法与乘法，谓语动词用单复数都可以；
但是在减法与除法中谓语动词用单数形式；
Three plus two equals/equal five. Three times five are/is fifteen.
Three from eight leaves five. Fifteen divided by three equals five.
12）引号中的词若作为整体看待，作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
“Bikes”is the plural of “bike”.
“They”is a pronoun.
数词和主谓一致巩固练习
选择填空
1.______ martyrs have heroically laid down their lives for the people.
A. Thousand upon thousand of B. Thousand and thousands of
C. Thousands upon thousands of D. Thousand and thousand of
2.They received ______ of letters about their TV programs.
A. dozen B. dozen and dozen C. score D. dozens
3.Who is that man，______ in the front row？
A.one B. the one C. first D. the first
4.We have produced ______ this year as we did in 1993.
A. as much cotton twice B. as twice much cotton
C. much as twice cotton D. twice as much cotton
C
D
D
D
5.The earth is about ______ as the moon.
as fifty time big B. fifty times as big
C. as big fifty time D. fifty as times big
6.The population of many Alaskan cities has ____in the past three years.
more than doubled B. more doubled than
C. much than doubled D. much doubled than
7.The moon is about _____ in diameter as diameter as the earth.
one-three as large B. one three as large
C. one-third as large D. one third as large
8.Five hundred yuan a month _____ enough to live on.
A. is B. are C. is being D. has been
B
A
C
A
9. Every possible means _____ .
A. has tried B. has been tried
C. was tried D. were tried
10. What she says and does _____ nothing to do with me.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
11. There _____ a dictionary and several books on the desk.
A. are B. must C. have been D. is
12. Nobody ______ seen the film. It’s a pity.
A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack have
C. but my friends has D. but I have
B
C
D
C
翻译句子
1. 3个人互相帮扶能担当6个人的重任。
2. 一位好母亲胜过100位好老师。
3. 一路向东行，你们会经过一座座山脉、上千个湖泊、森林，还有宽广的河流和许多大城市。
4. 天坛始建于明朝。
1. 3个人互相帮扶能担当6个人的重任。
Three helping one another bear the burden of six.
2. 一位好母亲胜过100位好老师。
A good mother is worth a hundred school masters.
3. 一路向东行，你们会经过一座座山脉、上千个湖泊、森林，还有宽广的河流和许多大城市。
Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities.
4. 天坛始建于明朝。
The temple of Heaven was first built during the Ming Dynasty.
5. 在这个班，90%的学生喜欢看报纸。
6. 由于袁隆平的发现，中国杂交水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。
7. 这个小女孩在5岁时开始练习弹钢琴。
8. 因此，到了17世纪莎士比亚能够使用比以往更丰富的词汇。
5. 在这个班，90%的学生喜欢看报纸。
Ninety percent of the students in the class are fond of reading newspaper.
6. 由于袁隆平的发现，中国杂交水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。
As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990’s.
7. 这个小女孩在5岁时开始练习弹钢琴。
At the age of five, the girl began to practice playing the piano.
8. 因此，到了17世纪莎士比亚能够使用比以往更丰富的词汇。
So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
9. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。
10. 但是比起汽车的真正花费，紧张和恼怒还是微不足道的。
11. 老师和学生们正在操场上踢足球。
12. 你或许会发现自己有不止一种倾向的学习风格，这是一件好事。
9. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
10. 但是比起汽车的真正花费，紧张和恼怒还是微不足道的。
But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car.
11. 老师和学生们正在操场上踢足球。
The teacher with the students is playing the football on the playground.
12. 你或许会发现自己有不止一种倾向的学习风格，这是一件好事。
You may find you have more than one strong learning style, which is a bonus.
13. 他是我在努力工作的朋友之一。
14.在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的死亡人数急剧上升。
15. 有意识的是另一个最大的城市是罗马。
16. 英语老师兼班主任是一个年轻人。
翻译句子
13. 他是我在努力工作的朋友之一。
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
14.在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的死亡人数急剧上升。
The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.
15. 有意识的是另一个最大的城市是罗马。
What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.
16. 英语老师兼班主任是一个年轻人。
The English teacher and head teacher is a young man.
Thank you