时事热点：碳中和（碳达峰）为主题的阅读单选专项练 2023年初中英语中考二轮复习（含解析）

时事热点：碳中和（碳达峰）为主题的阅读单选专项练
Climate change is a big problem humans are facing. How can we deal with it Reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) is important. But what if we could capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and use it to do other things
Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. It’s going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.
It will not only be good for Earth, but “will also be important for Mars,” Musk said. The air on Mars is made up of 95 percent CO2. If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.
The idea may sound strange but it’s not totally crazy. There are already some technologies that might help with this. According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US, the carbon atoms (原子) in CO2 and the hydrogen (氢) atoms in water can be combined to make methane (甲烷) or ethanol (乙醇). They could be used as fuel. If we do this on Mars, energy from the sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).
The idea will also make space travel more eco-friendly. “If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being put into the air,” said Stafford Sheehan from Air Company, a US company that focuses on CO2 collecting technologies.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．What is SpaceX working on
A．Reducing CO2 emissions. B．Building a new rocket. C．Turning CO2 into fuel.
2．What advantage will the program bring if it succeeds
A．It will take energy from the sun.
B．It will make it easier to travel from Mars to Earth.
C．It will take 95 percent of CO2 out of the air.
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．How CO2 can be turned into fuel.
B．Where CO2 can be taken.
C．How the energy from the sun can be used.
4．What can we learn from what Stafford Sheehan said
A．Scientists use 715 tons of CO2 to launch a rocket.
B．There will be no CO2 emissions anymore.
C．SpaceX’s idea would be good for the environment.
Recently, the term “carbon neutral (碳中和)” has been used frequently at some important meetings in many countries. Many countries have put forward the goal of striving (奋斗目标) to be carbon neutral. China is expected to be carbon neutral by 2060. So, as middle school students, what can we do to protect the environment and live a low carbon life Here are some suggestions for you.
Travel in a green way. Now more Chinese people have cars of their own. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. So we’d better do more walking, cycling and less driving. By doing so, we can save energy and reduce pollution.
Cut down white pollution. We should reduce the pollution of plastic bags. When you go to the supermarket, bring your own shopping bags.
Save water. Lack (缺乏) of water resources will affect the ecological environment (生态环境). So please turn off the tap after using it.
Sort (分类) the rubbish. Doing garbage classification (垃圾分类) in a right way can turn waste into wealth.
Plant more trees. Planting more trees means cutting down and reducing the carbon footprint (碳足迹) and spreading of greenhouse gases (气体).
Use both sides of the paper. The paper production process uses a lot of trees.
Now is the time that we should take up our responsibility to protect our environment from being polluted.
Let’s join our hands and take actions immediately.
5．How many suggestions does the writer give in the passage to be carbon neutral
A．5 B．6 C．7 D．8
6．In order to protect the environment and live a low carbon life, we can _________ .
①walk, cycle more and drive less ②use plastic bags while shopping
③use only one side of the paper ④tum off the water after using it
⑤do garbage classification in a right way
A．①②③④⑤ B．①③④⑤ C．①②⑤ D．①④⑤
7．The purpose of the passage is _________ .
A．to call us to cut down white pollution
B．to advise us to travel in a green way
C．to give suggestions on why to plant more trees
D．to give advice on how to protect the environment
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Live a low carbon life. B．Sort the rubbish.
C．Travel in a green way. D．Save the world.
What do people do with their old, out of date but still useful computers Most people don’t know how to deal with them. Many old computers are put away. Many more are simply thrown away as rubbish.
Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products(产品). Dell, Hewlett Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers of their own brands.
In some countries, laws have been passed, puter companies have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of the computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay for the cost. That will encourage them to make computers which are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade(升级).
Yet many people are throwing away good computers, while others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations are working on this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. These repaired computers then go to schools, charities(慈善团体) or people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one person’s rubbish into someone else’s useful things and cut down waste, too.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
9．What do many people do with old computers
A．They repair them. B．They sell them.
C．They send them to others. D．They stop using them.
10．How many computer companies are mentioned in the second paragraph？
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
11．According to the laws in some countries, computer companies must ________.
A．recycle most of their products B．collect all their used products
C．repair and upgrade old computers D．make more cheaper computers
12．What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers
A．Help the computer companies to collect them.
B．Repair and send them to those who need them.
C．Help people to learn to use them.
D．Turn rubbish into useful things.
13．What is the main idea of this passage
A．Repairing old computers. B．Encouraging to make cheap computers.
C．Recycling old computers. D．Helping those who need computers.
We usually think that garbage is useless and dirty. However, an art exhibition in 2019 proves that”useless” things can actually be helpful.
Dear Pretty Rubbish, an art event organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWFN) and digital media art company Blackbow, was held in Beijing. It looked at wasteful garbage and asked questions about the relationship between our lifestyles and our garbage.
“We hope that everyone who visited the show can think about how ‘useless things’ are produced, why they are tossed out, and whether ‘useless things’ are really useless”, said Cao Yujia, the design director at Blackbow.
Artists Zhou Yuxuan and Liu Yifan collected nylon cable ties, LED lights and plastic bottles from designers’ workshops to create a work where plastics, in the shape of cells, “grow” in a comer. There, the lights blink(闪烁) regularly just like “breathing”. When people walk near it, the work responds by showing light patterns, as if communicating with the visitors.
Speaking about the work, Zhou said: “It’s like some kind of communication between humans and plastics.”
Plastic has a life longer than almost any creature, taking centuries to break down. Though people think plastics damage the environment, they are a big part of our daily lives. “So we want to ask the question: Although the damage continues, is there a way for humans to reconcile (和解) with plastics ” said Zhou.
14．Which phrase can take the place of the underlined phrase “tossed out”
A．worked out B．used up C．thrown away D．put off
15．Which of the following might Zhou agree with
A．Useless things are really useless.
B．Artists should make works from garbage.
C．Plastics should be left to break down on their own.
D．Humans should find a better way to deal with plastics.
16．Which word can best describe the art event
A．Creative B．Wasteful C．Balanced D．Awful
17．Which is the best title of the text
A．Try new ways to reduce garage
B．Plastic pollution around us
C．Live peacefully with “garbage”
D．Communications between human beings and nature
Recently, the term “carbon neutral（碳中和）”has been used frequently at some important meetings in many countries. Many countries have put forward the goal of striving（奋斗目标） to be carbon neutral. China is expected to be carbon neutral by 2060. So, as middle school students, what can we do to protect the environment and live a low carbon life Here are some suggestions for you.
Travel in a green way. Now more Chinese people have cars of their own. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. So we’d better do more walking, cycling and less driving. By doing so, we can save energy and reduce pollution.
Cut down white pollution. We should reduce the use of plastic bags. When you go to the supermarket, bring your own shopping bags.
Save water. Lack (缺乏) of water resources will affect the ecological environment (生态环境). So please turn off the tap after using it.
Sore (分类) the rubbish. Doing garbage classification (垃圾分类) in a right way can turn waste into wealth.
Plant more trees. Planting more trees means cutting down and reducing the carbon footprint (碳足迹) and spread of greenhouse gases (气体).
Use both sides of the paper. The paper production process uses a lot of trees.
Now is the time that we should take up our responsibility to protect our environment from being polluted. Let’s join our hands and take action immediately.
18．Which way is bad for the environment
A．Walking. B．Riding a bike. C．Driving.
19．White pollution means ________
A．water pollution. B．plastic pollution. C．air pollution.
20．When we go shopping, we’d better use ________
A．plastic bags. B．shopping cards. C．shopping bags.
21．How many suggestions does the writer give in the passage to be carbon neutral
A．5. B．6. C．7.
22．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Live a low carbon life. B．Sore the rubbish. C．Travel in a green way.
Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight.
A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed (吸收) by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about 35 percent of China’s land-based (基于陆地的) carbon sinks (碳汇). A carbon sink is a natural area like a forest or ocean that absorbs more-carbon dioxide than it emits (排放). Carbon sinks help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
China’s goal is to peak (达到峰值) its CO2 emissions (排放) before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality (中和) by 2060, Xinhua reported. Carbon neutrality refers to removing as much CO2 as one puts into the air.
According to study co-author Yi Liu at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, “the afforestation (植树造林) activities described in our Nature paper will play a role in reaching that goal.”
23．A recent study in Nature shows that ________.
A．China has serious air pollution
B．China has planted the most trees in the world
C．China has fewer CO2 emissions (排放) now
D．China has planted fewer trees
24．Carbon sinks will ________.
A．absorb more CO2 than they emit B．give off CO2 emissions more quickly
C．release less CO2 into the air D．have no CO2 in their air
25．According to Xinhua, China ________.
A．is the world’s largest emitter of CO2
B．will bring CO2 emissions down after 2030
C．will not release CO2 in the future
D．will reach carbon neutrality by 2030
26．Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the passage
A．One way to fight climate is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
B．Trees planted in China have helped fight against climate change.
C．New forests in two parts of China absorbed more carbon dioxide than we thought.
D．35 percent of China’s land has been affected by CO2 emission.
27．What do we know from the story
A．It takes a long time for carbon sinks to form.
B．Climate change is no longer a serious problem.
C．More trees will be planted in China in the future.
D．China has beaten climate change.
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了气候变化是人类面临的一个大问题，减少碳排放这很重要。文中介绍了SpaceX将会把二氧化碳转化成燃料，这将使从火星到地球的旅行更容易，也有利于环保。
1．细节理解题。根据“Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. It’s going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.”可知，SpaceX的新项目是把空气中的二氧化碳转化为火箭燃料。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.”可知，如果这个项目能成功的话，它将使从火星到地球的旅行变得更容易。故选B。
3．段落大意题。根据“According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US, …sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).”可知，第四段主要讲的是如何将二氧化碳转化为燃料。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being put into the air”可知，如果以二氧化碳为基础的燃料可以用于火箭发射，我们就可以防止715吨二氧化碳被排放到空气中，由此可推断Stafford Sheehan认为SpaceX的想法将对环境有益。故选C。
5．B 6．D 7．D 8．A
【分析】本文针对“如何保护环境，过低碳生活”提出了一些建议。
5．细节理解题。根据“Travel in a green way....Cut down white pollution....Save water...Sort the rubbish....Plant more trees....Use both sides of the paper. ”可知，一共提出了6条建议。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据“So we’d better do more walking, cycling and less driving. By doing so, we can save energy and reduce pollution.”可知，我们最好多走路，骑自行车，少开车。通过这样做，我们可以节约能源和减少污染；根据“We should reduce the of plastic bags. When you go to the supermarket bring your own shopping bags.”可知，应减少使用塑料袋；根据“So please turn off the tap after using it.”可知，用完水后要关掉；根据“Doing garbage classification in a right way can turn waste into wealth.”可知，要做好垃圾分类；根据“Use both sides of the paper. ”可知，要使用纸的两面，结合选项，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据“what can we do protect the environment and live a low carbon life Here are some suggestions for you.”并结合全文可知，本文是就如何保护环境提出了一些建议。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据“what can we do protect the environment and live a low carbon life Here are some suggestions for you.”结合全文可知，本文的主旨是“保护环境，过低碳生活”。故选A。
9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C
【分析】文章介绍了现在很多电脑公司都在进行旧电脑回收，也建议人们把不用的电脑送给一些有需要的人，以减少浪费。
9．细节理解题。根据“Most people don’t know how to deal with them. Many old computers are put away. Many more are simply thrown away as rubbish.”可知，大多数人都不知道如何应对。许多旧电脑被收起来了。更多的只是作为垃圾扔掉。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据“Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products(产品). Dell, Hewlett Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers of their own brands.”可知，文中提到了Sony, Dell和Hewlett Packard三家电脑公司，故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据“Computer companies have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of the computer waste must be recycled.”可知，电脑公司必须回收他们的旧产品。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据“They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. These repaired computers then go to schools, charities(慈善团体) or people who need them.”可知，他们收集和修理旧电脑。有些人还教别人如何修理电脑。这些修理过的电脑然后送到学校、慈善机构或需要它们的人那里。故选B。
13．主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，本文主要讲述电脑厂家回收它们产品的事，故选C。
14．C 15．D 16．A 17．C
【导语】本文介绍了2019年的一场艺术展证明，“无用”的东西实际上是有用的，由此告诉我们要合理利用“垃圾”。
14．词义猜测题。根据“We hope that everyone who visited the show can think about how ‘useless things’ are produced, why they are tossed out, and whether ‘useless things’ are really useless”可知，此处说的是要思考‘无用的东西’是如何产生的，为什么会被扔掉，以及‘无用的东西’是否真的无用，所以短语“tossed out”指的是“扔掉”，故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据“Though people think plastics damage the environment, they are a big part of our daily lives. “So we want to ask the question: Although the damage continues, is there a way for humans to reconcile (和解) with plastics ” said Zhou.”可知，周认为人类应该找到更好的方法来处理塑料，故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据“an art event organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWFN) and digital media art company Blackbow, was held in Beijing...”以及“Artists Zhou Yuxuan and Liu Yifan collected nylon cable ties, LED lights and plastic bottles from designers’ workshops to create a work where plastics...as if communicating with the visitors.”可知，这个艺术活动是非常有创意的，故选A。
17．最佳标题题。根据“So we want to ask the question: Although the damage continues, is there a way for humans to reconcile (和解) with plastics ”以及整个文章的理解可知，本文介绍了2019年的一场艺术展证明，“无用”的东西实际上是有用的，由此告诉我们要合理利用“垃圾”，故选C。
18．C 19．B 20．C 21．B 22．A
【分析】文章介绍了保护环境和过低碳生活的一些建议。
18．细节理解题。根据“Travel in a green way...we can save energy and reduce pollution.”可知，驾车对环境没有好处，故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据“Cut down white pollution. We should reduce the use of plastic bags.”可知，白色污染就是塑料污染，故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“When you go to the supermarket, bring your own shopping bags.”可知，当我们购物的时候，我们应该带自己的购物袋，故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据“Travel in a green way.”以及“Cut down white pollution.”以及“Save water.”以及“Sore (分类) the rubbish.”以及“Plant more trees.”以及“Use both sides of the paper.”可知，文中一共提到了6条建议，故选B。
22．主旨大意题。根据“ So, as middle school students, what can we do to protect the environment and live a low carbon life Here are some suggestions for you.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍了保护环境和过低碳生活的一些建议，故选A。
23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C
【导语】本文报道了中国的植树造林在应对全球气候变化中起到的重大作用。
23．推理判断题。根据“A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought”可知，《自然》杂志最近的一项研究表明，中国现在的二氧化碳排放量减少了，故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据“A carbon sink is a natural area like a forest or ocean that absorbs more-carbon dioxide than it emits. Carbon sinks help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere”，可知碳汇吸收的二氧化碳要比排放的多，故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据“China’s goal is to peak its CO2 emissions before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality by 2060, Xinhua reported”，可知中国将在2030年后降低二氧化碳排放量，故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据“A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about 35 percent of China’s land-based carbon sinks”，可知是说这两个地区森林吸收的二氧化碳量约占中国陆地碳汇的35%，而不是中国35%的土地受到了二氧化碳排放的影响；“35 percent of China’s land has been affected by CO2 emission”陈述错误，故选D。
27．推理判断题。通读全文，结合“Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight”，可知植树造林有利于实现减少碳排放的目标，所以未来会种植更多的树木，故选C。