2023年初中英语中考二轮复习人与自然为主题的阅读理解专项练（含答案）

“人与自然”为主题的阅读理解专项练
Qomolangma is the world's highest mountain. You may have learned from your textbooks that its height is 8,844.43 meters. But not all sides are in agreement on this. Different researchers have given different results. In addition, the height of the mountain can change over time.
That's why a Chinese survey team with over 30 members set out to reach the peak of Qomolangma to re measure its height on May 6, 2020. They were equipped (配备) with the latest technology.
It is not an easy task. The average air temperature on the mountain is -29℃, and powerful winds blow all the time. In such bad conditions, surveying drones (无人机) cannot work at the peak of the mountain. That's why it's still necessary to send human experts to the peak to get exact results.
But does a difference of a few meters really matter when it comes to a high mountain
In fact, measuring the height of Qomolangma is about more than just getting one exact number. Mount Qomolangma is at the point where the Eurasian plate (欧亚板块) meets the Indian plate. It formed 38 million years ago as the two plates hit each other. Changes in the peak's height can show whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other. This can help us understand the movement of the earth's crust (地壳).
The survey team will also get first hand information about environmental conditions at the top of the mountain. This will help us understand how climate change has affected the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (高原).
1．What do we know from the first paragraph
A．Researchers measure the height of Qomolangma every year.
B．There is no agreed-upon height of Qomolangma at present.
C．It's not easy to measure the height of Qomolangma.
D．The height of Qomolangma increases every year.
2．How many members were there in the Chinese survey team in 2020
A．Over sixty. B．Over eighty. C．Over forty. D．Over thirty.
3．Which of the following words could replace the underlined word "peak" in Paragraph 2
A．Point. B．Top. C．Base. D．Edge.
4．What challenge did the Chinese survey team face
A．A lack of water. B．Dangerous animals.
C．Bad weather conditions. D．The movement of the earth's crust.
5．What is the main idea of the last two paragraphs
A．Why measuring the height of Qomolangma is important.
B．What changes in the height of Qomolangma's peak can tell us.
C．How Qomolangma became the highest mountain.
D．How plate movements affected the height of Qomolangma.
Do you know why different animals or pests have their special colours Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.
Some birds like eating locusts, but birds cannot easily catch them. Why It is because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colours of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.
If you study the animal life, you’ll find the main use of colours is protecting themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like the tree.
Have you ever noticed an even more strange act A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spread over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isn’t strong at all.
6．From the passage we can learn that locusts ________.
A．are small animals
B．are easily found by birds
C．are dangerous to their enemies
D．change their colours to protect themselves
7．How can pests with different colours from plants keep out of danger
A．They run away quickly.
B．Their colours are much like their enemies.
C．They hide themselves in the day and appear at night.
D．They have to move quietly.
8．Bears and lions can keep safe because they ________.
A．have the colours much like the trees
B．move quickly
C．like brown and grey colours
D．live in forests
9．The kind of fish can live up to now because _________.
A．it is very big and strong
B．the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemies
C．the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies
D．it swims faster than any other fish
10．Which is the best title for this passage
A．The Change of Colours for Animals and Pests
B．Colours of Different Animals and Pests
C．The Main Use of Colours for Animals and Pests
D．Some Animals and Pests
What color do you like Different people have different answers. Colors can tell people who you are. Let’s see some famous people’s answers.
Kobe Bryant, basketball player, the US I play for the Los Angeles Lakers (洛杉矶湖人队) for about twenty years. My favorite colors are yellow and purple, the Lakers’ colors. Between them, I like yellow better. It always makes me want to run and jump.
Taylor Swift, singer, the US I like many colors. But I like white best. When I see it, I think of a dress blowing in the wind. What a beautiful picture! Also, do you see horses in my music videos They are white! I love white animals.
Harry Potter, wizard(男巫),the UK What color do I like best Well, I don’t have a clear answer. I like red and gold, because my house is in these colors. I always like green, because it’s the color of my eyes! I got my green eyes from my mother. I miss her a lot.
Albert Einstein, scientist, Germany Women always like black clothes, because the color often makes them look thinner. I like it because I like thinking. I always sit in a dark and quiet room alone at night, thinking about my physics problems. It seems that the color makes me think more quickly and clearly.
11．What are the Lakers’ colors
A．Black and yellow. B．Purple and yellow.
C．Purple and white. D．Black and white.
12．What does Taylor Swift do
A．She’s a singer. B．She’s a doctor. C．She’s a player. D．She’s a scientist.
13．Why does Harry Potter always like green
A．Because it’s the color of his house. B．Because it’s the color of his hair.
C．Because her mother likes the color. D．Because it’s the color of his eyes.
14．What color does Albert Einstein like
A．White B．Black C．Yellow D．Red
15．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Wearing black often makes women look thinner.
B．Taylor Swift likes white animals.
C．Yellow always makes Albert Einstein want to run and jump.
D．Kobe Bryant plays for the Los Angeles Lakers for about 20 years.
What color is a tennis ball Ask your classmates, and they might give you some surprising answers.
The Atlantic asked 30,000 people this question. Among the people surveyed, 52 percent said tennis balls are green, 42 percent said yellow, and 6 percent said something else.
According to the International Tennis Federation, tennis balls are yellow. So, why do most people say that they’re green
When we first see an object in natural light, our brains recognize its true color. Even if the object is seen in different kinds of light later, our brains can still tell its true color. Scientists call this color constancy（色彩恒常性）. For example, we know that China’s flag is red. When we see it during sunset or under purple light, we still know that it is red, even if it looks like a different color.
However, the color of a tennis ball is not as pure as the flag. It appears to be a combination（结合）of yellow, a “warm” color, and green, a “cool” color.
The US-based magazine says that when our brains try to figure out what color the ball is, some people ignore（忽略）cool colors like green, blue and purple. So they see the ball as yellow. Others ignore warm colors, such as red, yellow and orange. They see the ball as green.
It is not just tennis balls that make such confusion（混淆）. In 2015, a girl posted a picture of a dress online. Some people said the dress was black and blue while others said it was gold and white. They had different opinions based on whether they ignored cool or warm colors.
16．How many people said tennis balls are yellow according to the survey
A．30,000. B．15,600. C．12,600. D．1800.
17．What color is the tennis ball according to the International Tennis Federation
A．Yellow. B．Green. C．White. D．Blue.
18．What can our brain tell with color constancy
A．It can tell the objects’ difference in different kinds of light.
B．It can tell the true color of things in different lights.
C．It can tell the truth of the colors under purple light.
D．It can tell people what color the flag is.
19．What are the cool colors according to the passage
A．Red, yellow and orange. B．Yellow, green and purple.
C．Green, blue and red. D．Blue, purple and green.
20．What can we learn from the passage
A．Colors always confuse people.
B．People sometimes give some strange answers.
C．People may ignore either cool colors or warm colors.
D．Colors are seen by different people under different kinds of light.
In many places the weather changes during the year. These changes are called seasons. In the north and south there are four seasons in a year. At the North and South Pole, there are only two seasons. In tropical（热带） places near the Earths equator（ 赤道）, there are two seasons a wet season and a dry season. Each season brings changes. They are important for plants and animals that live in different parts of the world.
Spring starts when the day and night are the same length. The weather gets warmer and sunnier. Trees and plants start to grow. Many animals have their babies in spring.
Summer begins on the longest day of the year. In the north this is on June 21 or 22. Summer is usually the warmest and sunniest time of the year. Fruit grows faster on trees and plants. Young animals grow bigger and stronger.
Autumn starts when the day and night are the same length again. During autumn, the leaves change color and fall down from the trees. Some animals collect food before winter comes.
Winter begins on the shortest day of the year. In the north this is on December 21 or 22.The weather is colder and in some places there is lots of snow. Plants and trees stop growing. Some animals, like bats and bears, find places to hide and sleep. This is called hibernation.
21．There are　 　seasons on Greenland（格陵兰岛） at the North pole.
A．four
B．three
C．two
D．one
22．Many animals　 　in spring.
A．have babies
B．change color
C．collect food
D．stop growing
23．Fruit grows faster on trees and plants in　 　.
A．spring
B．summer
C．autumn
D．winter
24．The meaning of the underlined word "hibernation" is　 　in Chinese.
A．迁徙
B．寒冷
C．储藏
D．冬眠
25．　 　start when the day and night are the same length.
A．Spring and summer
B．Summer and autumn
C．Autumn and winter
D．Spring and autumn
There are only two seasons in some countries—the dry season and the rainy season. They are India, Vietnam and some countries in Africa. It’s never cold there and it doesn’t snow. In the dry season it is as warm as it is in the rainy season. When it is the dry season, it doesn’t rain at all. It’s very, very hot. All grass and leaves in the trees are yellow. Animals and people are very thirsty. It is a very difficult time for them! When it is the rainy season, the rain doesn’t stop: it rains day and night. There is a lot of water around! Some animals like it but some don’t.
There is a place where there are no seasons at all. It is the Antarctic (南极).
It is very cold all the year round. There are no countries and no cities there. There are some villages in the Antarctic. Who lives there Some scientists from some countries go there to learn about the coldest place, its animals and birds. But there are no trees, no flowers, no fruit there, so people can't live there long.
26．There are ________ seasons in the Antarctic.
A．Two B．three C．four D．no
27．What’s the weather like in Vietnam
A．It’s very cold all the year round.
B．It’s never cold and it doesn’t snow.
C．It is very cold and it snows all the year round.
D．It is never cold and it snows all the year round.
28．When is a difficult time for people and animals in India
A．The rainy season. B．Spring.
C．The dry season. D．Winter
29．Some scientists live in the Antarctic because they want to learn about ________.
A．the coldest place B．the countries there
C．the cities there D．the fruit there
30．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage
A．The leaves on the trees are yellow in the dry season.
B．All countries in Africa have two seasons.
C．Some animals like the rainy season
D．There are some animals and birds in the Antarctic.
China has named its first five national parks—Sanjiangyuan National Park, Wuyi Mountain National Park, Giant Panda National Park, Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park and Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. They cover a land area of more than 230, 000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30 percent of the country’s key wildlife species (物种).
Sanjiangyuan area is an important source of freshwater resources in China. More than 60-billion-cubic-meter clean water is sent dowstream each year, and the volume has increased in recent years.
Wuyi Mountain National Park is known as “the kingdom of snakes”, “the world of insects”, “the heaven for birds”, and “the key to the study of Asian amphibians and reptiles”, Wuyi Mountain National Park has 558 kinds of wild vertebrates, 33.27 percent of the types in Fujian province.
Giant Panda National Park protects more than 1600 wild giant pandas. They account for (占) more than 70 percent of the pandas in China.
Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is China’s main area where Siberian tigers and Amur leopards live. There are about 40 Siberian tigers and about 50 Amur leopards.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has the largest tropical forest in China. The park covers nine cities and counties, with a total area of 4, 400 square km, or about one-seventh of Hainan Islands land area.
In the future, national parks are expected to be natural classrooms for everyone. Different kinds of animals and plants live here. The country is moving fast to protect them.
31．Which national park is known as “the heaven for birds”
A．Sanjiangyuan National Park.
B．Wuyi Mountain National Park.
C．Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park.
D．Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.
32．The national parks are helpful to _________ .
A．provide more wildlife for people B．improve people’s working conditions
C．set up a protected areas system D．give better homes to local people
33．Which one can show the number of pandas in China live in Giant Panda National Park
A． B． C． D．
34．What’s the right structure of the text
A． B．
C． D．
35．What would be the best title for the text
A．The First National Parks B．Development of China
C．Animals and Plants D．Going Hiking in the Park
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A
【分析】中国组织了30多人的队伍去珠穆朗玛峰重新测量它的高度，这项任务不仅仅只是为了得到一个数字，它对研究大陆板块的运动和气候变化非常有帮助。
1．推理判断题。由第一段“But not all sides are in agreement on this. Different researchers have given different results.”可判断，就珠穆朗玛峰的具体高度，并没有一个统一的共识，故选B。
2．细节理解题。由第二段“That's why a Chinese survey team with over 30 members set out…”可知，这支考查队里有30多位成员，故选D。
3．词句猜测题。由第二段“to re measure its height”可知，中国考查队要重新测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度，所以他们必须到达山顶，由此可判断“peak”相当于“top”，故选B。
4．推理判断题。由第三段“The average air temperature on the mountain is -29℃, and powerful winds blow all the time.”可判断，珠峰的天气非常的恶劣，这对考查队来说是非常大的挑战，故选C。
5．主旨大意题。通读最后两段的内容可知，作者主要阐述了测量珠穆朗玛峰高度的原因，这是为了凸显这项任务的重要性，故选A。
6．D 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文介绍的是有些动植物通过改变颜色来自我保护。
6．主旨大意题。通读全文，可知本篇文章介绍的是有些动植物通过改变颜色来自我保护。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据“Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.”可知有些有不同的颜色的容易被发现，被其他动物吃掉，因此它们不得不把自己藏起来为了生存，然后在晚上再出现。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be seen by hunters. This is because they have the colors much like the tree.”可知，熊，狮子和其他动物安静地穿过了森林，它们不能被猎手看到是因为它们有跟树很相似的颜色。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据“A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spread over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isn’t strong at all.”可知，在海里的一种鱼，当它面临危险时，可以发出一种很黑的液体，当液体蔓延，敌人无法找到它，尽管它不强壮但是它还是能够生活到现在。故选B。
10．最佳标题题。通读全文可知有些动植物通过改变颜色来自我保护。故选C。
11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【分析】本文讲述了不同的名人各自喜欢的颜色和原因。
11．细节理解题。根据第一方框中“My favorite colors are yellow and purple, the Lakers’ colors.”可知，科比最喜欢的颜色是紫色和黄色，它们是湖人队的颜色。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第二方框信息：“Taylor Swift,singer,the US”可知，Taylor Swift是一名歌手，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三方框中“I always like green,because it’s the color of my eyes”可知，Harry Potter 喜欢绿色是因为他的眼睛是绿色的，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三方框中“Women always like black clothes,...I like it because I like thinking”可知,Albert Einstein喜欢的颜色是黑色，故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据“ It always makes me want to run and jump.”可知黄色会让科比想要奔跑和跳跃，并不是爱因斯坦，故选C。
16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了人们对同一事物有不同颜色认知的原因。
16．细节理解题。根据“The Atlantic asked 30,000 people this question…42 percent said yellow”可知，在3万个人中，42%的人说是黄色的，30000×0.42=12600，故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据“According to the International Tennis Federation, tennis balls are yellow”可知，根据国际网球联合会的说法，网球是黄色的，故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据“Even if the object is seen in different kinds of light later, our brains can still tell its true color. Scientists call this color constancy”可知，即使后来在不同的光线下看到这个物体，我们的大脑仍然可以分辨出它的真实颜色，故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据“The US-based magazine says that when our brains try to figure out what color the ball is, some people ignore（忽略）cool colors like green, blue and purple”可知，绿色、蓝色和紫色是冷色系，故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据“The US-based magazine says that when our brains try to figure out what color the ball is, some people ignore（忽略）cool colors like green, blue and purple”及“Others ignore warm colors, such as red, yellow and orange”可知，人们可能会忽略冷色或暖色，故选C。
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．D
【分析】本文介绍了四季的变化以及这些变化对动植物的影响。春天天气越来越暖和，树木和植物开始生长。夏天通常是一年中最温暖和阳光最充足的时间。树和植物上的水果生长得更快，年幼的动物长得更大更强壮。在秋天，树叶变色，一些动物在冬天到来之前开始收集食物。冬天天气更冷，植物和树木停止生长，一些动物开始冬眠。
21．细节理解题。根据文中句子“At the North and South Pole, there are only two seasons.”可知，在北极的格林兰岛只有两个季节。故答案选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文中句子“Many animals have their babies in spring.”可知，很多动物在春天都会有自己的宝宝。故答案选A。
23．细节理解题。根据文中句子“Summer is usually the warmest and sunniest time of the year. Fruit grows faster on trees and plants.”可知，树上的水果在夏天长得更快，故答案选B。
24．词义猜测题。根据前面的句子“Some animals, like bats and bears, find places to hide and sleep. This is called hibernation.”可知，冬天的时候，一些动物会找地方藏起来睡觉，这个就叫做冬眠。故答案选D。
25．细节理解题。根据文中句子“Spring starts when the day and night are the same length.”和“Autumn starts when the day and night are the same length again.”可知，春天和秋天开始的时候，白天和夜晚都是一样长，故答案选D。
26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．B
【分析】文章大意：本文是史地常识类阅读。本文主要介绍了世界上有些国家只有两个季节， 干季和雨季。以及干季和雨季的一些自然条件。而且还介绍了没有季节的南极的自然条件。
26．细节理解题。由第二段"There is a place where there are no seasons at all.It is the Antarctic． " 可知有一个根本没有季节的地方，就是南极。故选D。
27．细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句话"They are India,Vietnam and some countries in Africa.It's never cold there and it doesn't snow．"可知印度，越南以及非洲的一些国家只有两季，在那里从来不冷且也不下雪。故选B。
28．细节理解题。由第一段的"When it is the dry season,it doesn't rain at all.It's very,very hot.All grass and leaves in the trees are yellow.Animals and people are very thirsty.It is a very difficult time for them"可知当干季的时候，根本不下雨。非常非常热，所有的草和树上的树叶都是黄色的。所有的动物和人都很渴。对他们来说是很艰难的时间。因此干季对印度人们来说是一段困难的时间。故选C。
29．细节理解题。由第二段第七句话"Some scientists from some countries go there to learn about the coldest place"可知，来自于一些国家的科学家们去南极是为了了解最冷的地方。故选A。
30．推理判断题。由第一段第二句话There are only two seasons in some countries-the dry season and the rainy season.They are India,Vietnam and some countries in Africa．"可知在一些国家只有两个季节，即干季和雨季．他们是印度，越南和非洲的“一些”国家。并非所有的非洲国家都只有两个季节，故选B。
31．B 32．C 33．D 34．C 35．A
【分析】本文介绍中国首批五个国家公园三江源国家公园、武夷山国家公园、大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园和海南热带雨林国家公园的命名及保护主体。三江源地区保护淡水资源，武夷山国家公园是各种动物的家园；大熊猫国家公园保护野生大熊猫；东北虎豹国家公园是中国东北虎豹的主要栖息地；海南热带雨林国家公园是中国最大的热带森林。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段“Wuyi Mountain National Park is known as …‘the heaven for birds’”可知，武夷山国家公园被称为“鸟的天堂”。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Sanjiangyuan area is an important source of freshwater resources in China…第三段“Wuyi Mountain National Park is known as “the kingdom of snakes””；”第四段“Giant Panda National Park protects more than 1600 wild giant pandas”；第五段“Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is China’s main area where Siberian tigers and Amur leopards live”和第六段“Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has the largest tropical forest in China”三江源地区是我国淡水资源的重要来源，武夷山国家公园是各种动物的家园；大熊猫国家公园保护着1600多只野生大熊猫；东北虎豹国家公园是中国东北虎豹的主要栖息地；海南热带雨林国家公园拥有中国最大的热带森林；可知，国家公园有助于建立保护区体系。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段“They account for more than 70 percent of the pandas in China”它们占中国大熊猫总数的70%以上；可知选项D图示符合表述。故选D。
34．篇章结构题。第一段简介五个国家公园的名称；第二、三、四、五、六段分别介绍这五个国家公园保护主体；最后一段讲述国家公园的未来。故选C。
35．最佳标题。本文介绍中国首批五个国家公园三江源国家公园、武夷山国家公园、大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园和海南热带雨林国家公园的命名及保护主体。故选A。