人与宇宙为主题的阅读理解专项练 2023年初中英语中考二轮复习（含解析）

“人与宇宙”为主题的阅读理解专项练
Chinese astronauts, or taikonauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu headed to the core module (核心舱) of China’s space station at 00: 23 a.m. Beijing Time on October 16, 2021.
Born in October 1966, Zhai is the first Chinese to conduct a spacewalk, making China the third country in the world to master the technology for extravehicular (舱外的) activities. As the most experienced crew member of Shenzhou-13, he works as the commander (指挥官) of the mission.
Zhai was admitted to the first batch (一组) of taikonauts in 1998. He was among the final groups to train for the Shenzhou-5 and Shenzhou-6 flights, but finally flew abroad the Shenzhou-7 spacecraft. During the Shenzhou-7 mission in September 2008, Zhai served as the commander of the spacecraft. He performed a landmark 20-minute spacewalk with the help of Liu Boming, who later became one of the Shenzhou-12 crew.
Born in 1980, Wang is China’s first millennial (千禧一代) taikonauts (中国航天员) and the second female taikonaut who has been to space. She has become the country’s first female taikonaut to work in China’s space station, and also the first female taikonaut to conduct extravehicular activities, according to the CMSA．
In May 2010, Wang was selected to be a member of the second batch of taikonauts. In June 2013, Wang and two other crewmates, Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang, were sent to space abroad Shenzhou-10. She was also the first Chinese person to give a lecture in space eight years ago, which proved inspirational for numerous young Chinese, many of whom later attended top universities.
Ye, also born in 1980, was selected into the second batch of taikonauts in 2010 and qualified for manned space flight in 2014. The mission of Shenzhou-13 is his first flight in space.
He was once an air force pilot with 1,100 hours of jet fighter flight time. He took the European Space Agency’s underground astronaut training course in June 2016. Ye speaks fluent English and is regarded as one of the key taikonauts to host foreign counterparts (同行) when China’s space station becomes fully operational.
1．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese to conduct a 20-minute spacewalk.
B．Wang Yaping was sent to space abroad Shenzhou-10 with Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang.
C．Zhai Zhigang was one of the Shenzhou-12 crew.
D．Ye Guangfu used to be an air force pilot with 1,100 hours of jet fighter flight time.
2．What can we know about Wang Yaping
A．She is the first taikonaut to visit China’s space station.
B．She is the first female taikonaut to conduct extravehicular activities.
C．She gave an inspirational lecture in space eight years ago to ask students to study hard.
D．This is her first time to be sent to space.
3．What is the correct order for the following events about Zhai Zhigang
a. Zhai Zhigang was born.
b. He performed a landmark 20-minute walk.
c. He served as the commander of the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission.
d. He was selected to be a member of the first batch taikonauts.
e. He was among the final groups to train for the Shenzhou-5 and Shenzhou-6 filghts.
A．a-e-b-d-c B．a-b-d-e-c C．a-d-b-e-c D．a-d-e-b-c
4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．The students who listened to Wang Yaping’s lecture were encouraged and all attended some top universities.
B．Liu Boming was one of the taikonauts in the Shenzhou-7 mission.
C．Ye Guangfu is regarded as the key taikonaut to host foreign counterparts when China’s space station becomes fully operational.
D．Except China, two more countries in the world has mastered the technology for extravehicular activities.
China has named the nation’s first Mars rover（火星车）ZhuRong. For all of us, Zhu Rong is a well-suited name.
In an ancient Chinese story, Zhu Rong had the face of a man and the body of an animal. H rode on two dragons. When he had a big fight with Gong Gong, the god of water, Zhu Rong won. But after the fight, the human world came into complete darkness. Then he brought fire from heaven（天国）to the world.
“Zhu Rong is regarded as the earliest god of fire in traditional Chinese culture,” a space official said. “The first Mars rover was named Zhu Rong. The name symbolizes（象征）light and hope for space exploration（探索）in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration.”
After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May. In recent years, our country has sent up the world’s first quantum satellite（量子卫星）, and Chang’e-4 has made a soft landing on the moon. We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.
5．What Zhu Rong brought from heaven to the world was ________.
A．fire B．wars C．water D．animals
6．For China’s space exploration, the name Zhu Rong symbolizes ________.
A．a big fight B．complete darkness C．light and hope D．Chinese culture
7．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”.
A．the earth B．Mars C．the moon D．the sun
8．According to the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．Zhu Rong is a bad person in an ancient Chinese story
B．China has made great progress in space technology
C．the writer is proud of China’s space technology
D．the official doesn’t like the name Zhu Rong
Around the World TIMES WEEKLY
Shenzhou-14 Astronauts Enter Space Station China successfully sent the Shenzhou-14 manned mission to its Tiangong space station on June 5. The three space flyers—Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe—are expected to spend six months aboard the space station’s Tianhe core module (核心舱), China’s Manned Space Agency said. _______________________________________ If you’ve ever worried about losing the other sock, Apple’s AirTag technology may be the answer. This idea comes from Matty Benedetto, a famous creator on the internet. AirTag is designed to find your expensive object. But Matty has taken this to a whole new level. It’s Not a Bad Hair Day A male lion with straight bangs (齐刘海) recently became an internet hit. The 13-year-old big cat lives in Guangzhou Zoo. The zookeepers told US, “The hairstyle is all natural. We dare not cut it.”
9．Where can you read all these pieces of news
A．In Times Weekly. B．On the iPhone.
C．In Guangzhou Zoo D．At Space Agency.
10．Which of the following can be the best heading for the second piece of news
A．Apple’s AirTag B．A Famous Creator
C．Nice Smart Socks D．Find Your Lost Sock
11．What is the name of the space station
A．Shenzhou. B．Tianhe. C．Tiangong. D．Wentian.
12．The hairstyle of the big cat is ________.
A．an internet new hit B．popular among male lions
C．keeping warm in winter D．not made by the zookeepers.
13．From the news, we can know that ________.
A．AirTag is first used to find socks B．AirTag is a useful APP on iPhone
C．Matty is always looking for his socks D．Matty is the great father of AirTag
Most people have a place to call home on Earth. What about in outer space The International Space Station (ISS) became our first “home” in space in 2000. It welcomed its first crew that year, paving (铺设) the way for 20 years of future research.
“You just have this impression that we’re all citizens (公民) of not a country, but of the planet,” former NASA astronaut Scott Kelly told National Geographic about working in ISS. “We’re all in this thing called humanity (人类) together.”
Over the past 20 years, the ISS has mainly been used as a science lab, hosting 241 people from 19 countries, according to NASA．They have gone on spacewalks, done research on how space affects the human body, and even grown plants in space.
The station’s development has also benefited (有益于) people on Earth. For example, the station’s water purification (净化) technology has been used in poor areas to provide clean drinking water. The station also helps to warn us of natural disasters (灾难), such as earthquakes.
However, after being our home in space for over 7,000 days, the station is starting to get old. It has leaked (泄漏) air a few times. Scientists think that the station can keep working until 2024. After that, scientists will bring it down to Earth. It is believed that Earth’s atmosphere (大气) will burn up most of the station. Other debris (残骸) will fall into the Pacific Ocean.
In the future, space will be home to more stations like the ISS. NASA is building a space station that is smaller than the ISS near the moon. Also, China will have its own space station up and running in 2022.
14．What do we know from what Scott Kelly said
A．Astronauts see the ISS as their home.
B．Anyone can go to the ISS.
C．All of humanity has something in common.
D．Astronauts’ lives on the ISS are difficult.
15．What have the astronauts done while on the ISS
a. Gone on spacewalks.
b. Learned how space affects the human body.
c. Grown plants.
d. Provided clean water for poor areas.
e. Stopped earthquakes.
A．abc B．abd C．ade D．bde
16．Paragraph 4 explains ________.
A．what people on the ISS have done
B．how the ISS has helped humans on Earth
C．who has visited the ISS over the years
D．how people live on the ISS
17．What will happen to the ISS
A．The whole station will fall into the Pacific Ocean.
B．It will be brought back to Earth.
C．It will be left in outer space forever.
D．It will burn up in space.
18．From the last paragraph, we know that ________.
A．building a space station takes a long time
B．it will be easier to go to space in the future
C．China will send astronauts to the ISS
D．we will build more space stations
The year of the tiger has come. Let’s have a look at these events in 2022 at home and abroad.
19．There will be ________ launch missions in 2022.
A．4. B．5. C．6.
20．What does Roland Emmerich
A．He is a scientist. B．He is a director. C．He is a teacher.
21．What can CCYL members do according to the passage
A．They can take part in some community services.
B．They can take part in e-sports.
C．They can take their temperature.
22．The 19th Asian Games will be held ________.
A．in China B．in Russia C．in Japan
23．From the reading, we can learn that________.
A．Moonfall is an action movie
B．Shenzhou XIII marked a big step
C．more than 50 countries will take part in this game
Is there intelligent (有智力的) life on other planets For years, scientists said “no.” or “we don’t know.” But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers(天文学家). They believe intelligent life exists (存在) somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings(人；生物).
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size—the universe is huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth—in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.
Have beings from space already visited Earth “Probably not,” says Shostak. “It’s a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other way, such as radio signals(信号). In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don’t have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.”
24．Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are _____.
A．astronomers B．farmers C．singers D．drivers
25．What is the best title for Paragraph 2
A．The Age and Size of Earth.
B．Our Galaxy: The Milky Way
C．Why Intelligent Life Might Exist.
D．Earth: The Only Planet with Intelligent Life
26．Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past
A．There were not any smaller planets.
B．There were not any powerful telescopes.
C．The astronomers were not interested in them.
D．The Milky Way didn’t exist at that time.
27．Why haven’t beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak
A．They’re afraid of us.
B．It’s a long way away.
C．They don’t want to see us.
D．They don’t know how to use radio signals.
28．What does the underlined phrase “life forms” in the last paragraph mean
A．Messages B．Tools
C．Intelligent beings D．Radio signals
The search for life outside the Earth may have moved to a new and exciting level. A team of astronomers ( 天文学家) said they have found a new planet that has many important parts similar to those of the Earth.
The planet, which travels around a red dwarf star( 红矮星) called Gliese 581, has the right size and temperature. Most importantly, the planet lies in the suitable living area of the star, which makes the planet not too hot or too cold.
Scientists say the new world, Gliese 581C is five times larger than the Earth. It may have water since it is in the right place for the red dwarf to survive in space.
Swiss scientist Michel Mayor said it is an important step on the way to find possible life in the space and there are still lots of questions.
For more than ten years, astronomers and scientists have been keeping their eyes on the space in search for another Earth, another world that can support life or already has it.
According to records, the first discovery of extra solar(太阳系) planet going around a normal star was made in 1995. Since then, the number of newly discovered worlds has increased to about 200. But they are just dead with lifeless bodies.
The Gliese 581C came into our eyes and mankind has reason to celebrate. After all, we may have living neighbours. The discovery doesn't promise much, but it offers hope that there could be other people or living things out there.
29．The new planet has made_________.
A．the search for life outside the Earth new and exciting
B．many important parts of the Earth new and similar
C．a red dwarf star not too hot or not too cold
D．the astronomers believe everything
30．The new planet goes around_________.
A．the Earth B．the Sun C．the red dwarf star D．the Moon
31．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．A new planet for people to live in has been found.
B．The red dwarf star is five times larger than the Earth.
C．Scientists have a lot of questions about the new planet.
D．Scientists have proved there is some water in the new planet.
32．Why do astronomers and scientists keep their eyes on the space
A．They hate the life on the Earth.
B．They want to support more life.
C．They want to search for another world.
D．There are some people and living things there.
33．What would the scientists most like to tell us in the passage
A．Astronomers first discovered the extra solar planet in 1995.
B．Mankind wants to celebrate the discovery of the new planet.
C．The number of newly discovered worlds is about 200.
D．Mankind may have living neighours in space.
The sun is always shining. But it can only shine on one side of the earth at one time.When the sun is shining on one side of the earth, it is night on the other side.
At night, you can see the stars. The stars are in the sky all day. But the light from the sun is so bright that you can't see them. When night comes, there is no light, and the stars are bright enough to see. The stars look very small. But some of them are even bigger than the sun. They look small because they are so far away from you. Big things look much smaller when they are far away. The sun is closer to the earth than other stars, so it looks bigger.
34．When it is night, the sun ________.
A．doesn't shine
B．shines for a short time
C．disappears (消失)
D．shines on the other side of the earth
35．We can't see the stars in the sky at daytime because ________.
A．there are no stars there
B．the stars are much smaller than the sun
C．the bright light from the sun makes them not seen
D．the stars come out only at night
36．The stars look small because ________.
A．they are far away
B．they are small
C．they have no light
D．they are in the sky
37．Small things may look ________ when they are close.
A．bigger B．small
C．near D．far away
38．The sun looks bigger than other stars because ________.
A．it's bigger
B．it's far away in the sky
C．It gives much bright light
D．it's closer to the earth than other stars
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B
【分析】本文是新闻通讯，短文对执行神舟十三号航天飞行任务的三位航天员进行了报道。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“As the most experienced crew member of Shenzhou-13, he works as the commander of the mission”，结合第三段“He performed a landmark 20-minute spacewalk with the help of Liu Boming, who later became one of the Shenzhou-12 crew”，可知翟志刚是神舟13号机组成员，而刘伯明是神舟12号机组成员之一；“Zhai Zhigang was one of the Shenzhou-12 crew”陈述错误，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“She has become the country’s first female taikonaut to work in China’s space station, and also the first female taikonaut to conduct extravehicular activities, according to the CMSA”，可知王亚平是第一位进行舱外活动的女航天员，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据二三段内容，先介绍翟志刚出生于生于1966年10月，然后于1998年入选第一批航天员，是最后一批为神舟五号和神舟六号飞行而接受训练的人之一；在2008年9月神舟七号任务期间他担任飞船指挥官，进行了具有里程碑意义的20分钟太空行走；2021年10月他担任神舟十三号任务的指挥官；可知a-d-e-b-c按时间排序，顺序正确，故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段“During the Shenzhou-7 mission in September 2008, Zhai served as the commander of the spacecraft. He performed a landmark 20-minute spacewalk with the help of Liu Boming, who later became one of the Shenzhou-12 crew”，可推知刘伯明是神舟七号任务中的宇航员之一，故选B。
5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍全国第一个火星探测器——祝融。
5．细节理解题。根据“Then he brought fire from heaven（天国）to the world.”可知，祝融把火从天国带到人间，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据“The name symbolizes（象征）light and hope for space exploration（探索）in our country, and means to guide humans to continue exploration.”可知，这个名字象征着我国太空探索的光明和希望，意味着引导人类继续探索，故选C。
7．推理判断题。分析“After leaving the earth last summer, Zhu Rong circled Mars for several months and landed on it in May.”可知，在去年夏天离开地球后，祝融绕火星飞行了几个月，并于5月在火星上着陆。此处it指的是“火星”，故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据“We have made great progress in space technology and will soon start building our own space station.”可知，我们在太空技术上取得了巨大进步，不久将开始建设我们自己的空间站，所以作者为中国的航天技术感到自豪，故选C。
9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．B
【导语】本文主要是介绍了三则新闻：第一则是简述神州14号成功发射；第二则是介绍了苹果的一款蓝牙跟踪设备——AirTag；第三则是讲述火上热搜的“齐刘海”狮子。
9．细节理解题。根据方框上的“Around the World TIMES WEEKLY”可得知新闻的出处，故选A。
10．最佳标题题。根据该部分第一句“If you’ve ever worried about losing the other sock…be the answer.”可知该则新闻主要是讲述苹果的AirTag可以帮助找回丢失的袜子，D项表示“找回你丢失的袜子”，符合文意，而且将用途作为新闻标题更吸引人，故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第一则新闻的第一句“China successfully sent the Shenzhou-14 manned mission to its Tiangong space station on June 5.”可知，神舟十四号载人飞船进入天宫空间站，故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一则新闻的倒数第二句“The hairstyle is all natural.”可知，这发型是自然的，不是动物管理员修剪的，故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二则新闻第一句“…Apple’s AirTag technology may be the answer.”以及倒数第二句“AirTag is designed to find your expensive object.”可知，AirTag是iPhone上一个很有用的应用程序，可以用来找寻东西。故选B。
14．C 15．A 16．B 17．B 18．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对国际空间站进行了详细介绍。
14．推理判断题。根据“You just have this impression that we’re all citizens of not a country, but of the planet…We’re all in this thing called humanity together.”可知，Scott Kelly想要表达所有的人类都有共同之处。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据“They have gone on spacewalks, done research on how space affects the human body, and even grown plants in space. ”可知，他们进行太空行走，研究太空如何影响人体，甚至在太空中种植植物。故选A。
16．段落大意题。分析第四段内容可知，本段举例说明国际空间站是如何帮助地球上的人类的，故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据“After that, scientists will bring it down to Earth.”可知，国际空间站将被带回地球。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是“In the future, space will be home to more stations like the ISS.”可知，未来我们将建造更多的空间站，故选D。
19．C 20．B 21．A 22．A 23．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了2022年国内外发生的大事件。
19．细节理解题。根据“After six more launch missions in 2022”可知，2022年有6次发射任务，故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据“the director Roland Emmerich”可知，他是一名导演，故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据“They take part in many activities, such as community service and environmental protection”可知，他们可以参加一些社区服务，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“The city of Hangzhou will hold the 19th Asian Games”可知，第19届亚运会将在中国杭州举办，故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据“The successful launch(发射) of the Shenzhou XIII marked a big step toward building China’s first space station”可知，神舟十三号的成功发射标志着中国朝着建设第一个空间站迈出了一大步，故选B。
24．A 25．C 26．B 27．B 28．C
【分析】试题分析：本文叙述了科学家认为其他星球也存在智能生命，因为宇宙形成的时间这么长，足够其他星球形成生命；其次宇宙这么大，周围会有跟地球相似的星球。不久来自太空的生命有可能将会和我们联系，我们可能到2025年，也会和他们取得联系，我们可能会互相帮助。
24．细节理解题。根据Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers(天文学家)可知Seth Shostak 和Alexandra Barnett是天文学家。故选A。
25．标题归纳题。根据Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets 可知本文主要解释为什么认为在其他星球上可能有智能生命存在，故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes(高倍望远镜) allow scientists to discover smaller planets可知在过去没有像现在一样的高倍望远镜，因此很难再宇宙中寻找到智能生命的迹象。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据“Probably not,” says Shostak. It’s a long way away.可知Shostak.认为来自太空的生命可能没有来过地球，因为路途遥远。故选B。
28．词义猜测题。根据 However, intelligent beings may contact us in other way…可知智能生命可能会用其他方式联系我们，故推测此处的life forms指的是intelligent beings，故选C。
29．A 30．C 31．C 32．C 33．D
【分析】科学家们一直在探索地球以外可以适合人类居住的星球，最近科学家们发现了一颗新的行星，它有很多与地球相似的部分。这个发现使我们相信在地球以外可能存在着其他生命。
29．细节理解题。根据短文第一段The search for life outside the Earth may have moved to a new and exciting level. A team of astronomers ( 天文学家) said they have found a new planet that has many important parts similar to those of the Earth.可知，天文学家们的这个新发现是非常令人兴奋的，故应选A。
30．细节理解题。根据短文第二段开头The planet, which travels around a red dwarf star( 红矮星) called Gliese 581, has the right size and temperature.可知，这颗行星围绕着红矮星Gliese 581旋转。故应选C。
31．推理判断题。根据短文第四段中Swiss scientist Michel Mayor said it is an important step on the way to find possible life in the space and there are still lots of questions.可知，科学家认为这个行星的发现是在太空中寻找可能存在生命的重要一步，但目前仍有很多问题。由此可知C选项符合文意，故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据短文第五段For more than ten years, astronomers and scientists have been keeping their eyes on the space in search for another Earth, another world that can support life or already has it.可知天文学家和科学家一直在关注太空，为的是寻找另一个适合人类居住的地方。由此可知应选C。
33．推理判断题。根据短文最后一段After all, we may have living neighbours. The discovery doesn't promise much, but it offers hope that there could be other people or living things out there.可知，科学家们的探索使我们相信，我们可能还有其他的邻居，在某个星球上可能也有人或其他生物住在那里。故应选D。
34．D 35．C 36．A 37．A 38．D
【分析】这篇短文给我们介绍了天空中的太阳和星星，有一些事实可能是我们之前不知道的，例如其实太阳总是在天空中闪耀着，只不过我们是夜晚的时候，它在地球的另一面闪耀。还有关于星星的一些事实，也会让你感到很惊奇的。
34．推理判断题。根据短文第一段的内容可知，太阳总是在闪耀，根据When the sun is shining on one side of the earth, it is night on the other side.可知，当太阳在地球的一面闪耀的时候，地球的另一面就是夜晚。由此可推断当是夜晚的时候，太阳在地球的另外一面闪耀，故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据短文第二段中The stars are in the sky all day. But the light from the sun is so bright that you can't see them.可知，其实星星一直都在天空上，但是白天的时候，来自太阳的光太明亮了，以至于我们看不到他们。由此可知应选C。
36．细节理解题。根据短文第二段中They look small because they are so far away from you.可知，星星之所以看起来很小是因为他们离我们很远。由此可知选A。
37．推理判断题。根据短文中Big things look much smaller when they are far away. The sun is closer to the earth than other stars, so it looks bigger.可知，大的东西在我们很远的时候看起来就更小，太阳离地球比其他星星更近，所以它看起来更大。由此可知选A。
38．细节理解题。根据短文的最后一句话The sun is closer to the earth than other stars, so it looks bigger.可知，太阳看起来比其他星星更大这是因为它离地球更近。因此选D。