人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit5Poems 语法-精讲破 (有解析)
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Unit5 语法-精讲破
定语从句
定语从句的概念
在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句位于先行词之后。定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词两类。
一、定语从句的分类
【观察】
She is the nurse who looks after the children.
她就是照料这些孩子的护士
This letter is from my sister, who is working in a factory.
这封信是我的姐姐寄来的，她现在在一家工厂工作。
【归纳】
（1）根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 ① 紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句删除后会影响整个句子的表达； ② 与主句之间通常用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省略，意思仍完整。
（2）在定语从句的引导词中，只有that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
二、关系代词的用法
1.关系代词的具体用法
【观察】
This is the present (that) Jack gave me for my birthday.
这是杰克送给我的生日礼物。
This is the book (which) you are looking for.
这就是你正在找的那本书。
Do you know everybody who came to the party
你认识来参加聚会的每个人吗？
The man (who/whom) you met just now is called Jim.
你刚才遇见的那个人叫吉姆。
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor
那个妹妹是医生的年轻人叫什么名字？
As is known to all. China is in the east of Asia.
众所周知，中国位于亚洲东部。
【归纳】
引导定语从句的关系代词有that、which、who、whom whose、as。
（1）that既可指物，也可指人，在定语从句中作主语、 ③ 、表语，作宾语时可省略。
（2）which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作 ④ 时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。
（3）who和whom指人， ⑤ 在定语从句中作主语或宾语； ⑥ 在定语从句中只能作宾语。
（4）whose指人或物，在定语从句中作 ⑦ ，后面定紧跟 ⑧ 。
（5）as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“ ，as引导的从句可放在句首、句末或句中；as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被as、so、such the same修饰。
2.宜用that，不宜用 which的情况
【观察】
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop
你有什么东西要在商店里买吗？
This is the only bike that I can afford.
这是我能买得起的唯一的一辆自行车。
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。
I can remember well the persons and pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和照片。
【归纳】
（1）先行词是 all、few、lite、nothing、everything、 ⑩ 等不定代词时，宜用that不用 which。
（2）先行词被 、the very、no等词修饰时，宜用that不用 which。
（3）先行词被序数词或 修饰，或先行词本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，宜用that不用 which。
（4）先行词 时，宜用that不用 which。
3.宜用 which，不宜用that的情况
【观察】
China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。
This is the room in which the great scientist lived.
这是这位伟大的科学家曾经居住过的房间。
【归纳】
（1）引导 时，用 which，而不用that。
（2）关系代词前有时，通常用 which，而不用that。
关系副词的用法
【观察】
Opposite is St Paul’s Cathedral, where/in which you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born
你知道林肯的出生日期吗？
The reason why I don t trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。
This couple have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
这对夫妇已经到了必须分手的地步。
【归纳】
（1）引导定语从句的关系副词有、、。
（2）当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因（一般为 reason）的名词，并且定语从句中缺少状语时用关系副词引导定语从句。有时可用“”结构替换关系副词。
（3）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如 point、situation、case、stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that或 which引导定语从句。
四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【观察】
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
Leather shoes trade is the career to which the greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家非常投入的事业。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the count.
我永远不会忘记儿时在乡村度过的时光。
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
这种离开它我们不能存活的无色气体被称为氧气。
【归纳】
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，若先行词指人，关系代词常用；若先行词指物，关系代词常用。“介词+关系代词”中介词的确定：、、。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.（2019江苏，21，★★）We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2.（2019天津，11，★★）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
3.（2019课标全国I，短文改错，★★）One afternoon ________ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
4.（2019课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，★★）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
5.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
6.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，短文改错，★★）In the café, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment ________ is created for them.
7.（2019浙江，语法填空，★★）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.
8.（2019北京，语法填空C改编，★★）The students benefitting most from college are those ________ are totally engaged（参与）in academic life.
9.（2018北京，5，★★）She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
10.（2018天津，2，★★）Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
11.（2018江苏，23，★★）Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
12.（2018课标全国I，语法填空，★★）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
13.（208课标全国I，短文改错，★★）They also had a small pond ________ they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
14.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，★★）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
15.（2018浙江，语法填空，★★）Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
16（2018天津3月，7，★★）There was a long wait at the reception desk, ________ everyone was checking in.
17.（2017天津3月，13，★★）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go.
18.（2017北京，31，★★）The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
19.（2017江苏，28，★★）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
20.（2017天津，9，★★）My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
21.（2017课标全国I，语法填空，★★）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.
22.（2017课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★）But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
23.（2017课标全国Ⅱ，短文改错，★★）In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, ________ is on the rooftop of their house.
24.（2017课标全国Ⅲ，短文改错改编，★★）Around me in the picture are the things ________ were very important in my life at that time.
25.（2017浙江，语法填空，★★★）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ________ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted（生长）through it.
26.（2016北京，2，★★）I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
27.（2016江苏，23，★★）Many young people, most of ________ were well educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
28.（2016浙江，11，★★）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
29.（2016天津，9，★★）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
30.（★★）The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent In Just one year.
31.（★★）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
32.（★★）The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
参考答案：
限制性定语从句②非限制性定语从句③宾语④宾语⑤who⑥whom⑦定语⑧名词⑨正如，正像⑩ anything the only形容词最高级既包括人又包括物非限制性定语从句介词 where when why 介词+ which where whom which 依据先行词搭配的具体意义依据定语从句中动词或形容词的某种习惯搭配依据句子所表达的意思
1. when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的可能性最大。句中先行词为age（时代），且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
2. where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词 where。
3.when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上小学时的一天下午，我在学校操场旁散步。先行词 One afternoon表示时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以使用关系副词when引导定语从句。
4. which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：现在 Irene Astbury每天从上午9点到下午5点在位于麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家宠物店是她和她已故的丈夫Les一起开的。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作 opened的宾语，故用关系代词 which。
5.who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为 masters（主人），且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who/that。
6.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这间咖啡厅，顾客们将在为他们创造的历史环境中尽情享受。先行词 the historical environment指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。
7.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：夹克的边上有一块布，这块布能在黑暗中发光。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是 a piece of cloth，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或 which。
8.who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全参与到学术生活中的人。________ are totally engaged（参与）in academic life是定语从句，修饰先行词 those，设空处在从句中作主语，指人，关系词宜用who。
9. which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人都骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。________ helps them keep fit是非限制性定语从句，该从句位于主句后，修饰整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词 which。
10. whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我和凯特的姐姐在大学的时候共住一室。分析句子可知，先行词为Kate，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作名词 sister的定语，故用关系代词 whose。
11.where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线上的领域。句中先行词为area，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。
12.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究，这项研究表明每天跑步仅5到10分钟就可以降低患心脏病和由于各种原因导致过早死亡的风险。a study是先行词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。
13.where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。我爷爷说去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了很多钱。此处 a small pond是先行词，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。
14.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国农业部发现，在2005年和2011年之间，化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年政府启动了土壤检测项目，向农民推荐特定的化肥。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词 a soil testing program指物，故填关系代词that/which。
15.who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭可能会多么便宜，他们自己做饭的次数就会大大少于他们在自己国家做饭的次数。定语从句的先行词是 Many westerners，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词who/that。
16.where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：接待处排起了长队，大家都正在这里办理登记手续。先行词为the reception desk，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词 where。
17. where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的事业到了需要决定何去何从的阶段。先行词 point在此处意为“阶段”，表示抽象的地点，故用 where引导定语从句。
18.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能成为伟大发明的灵感。________ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，故填关系代词that which。
19.whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：1963年联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。先行词是 the World Food Programme，设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰 purposes，故填whose。
20.whose【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我最大的儿子现在在纽约，他的工作使他走遍世界各地。先行词是 My eldest son，根据句意和空后名词确定关系词在从句中作定语，故填 whose。
21.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：像任何东西样，两者都有可能食用太多，这对健康不利。分析句子结构可知，________ is not good for the health 为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为前文中的 to have too much of both，即“两者食用过多”。故填 which。
22.who【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：但是曾和顶级模特同台表演过的萨拉想证明自己既有美貌又有头脑。分析句子结构可知，先行词 Sarah后面是个非限制性定语从句，且从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。
23.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在业余时间，他们对在自家屋顶的花园里种菜很感兴趣。非限制性定语从句的先行词是 their garden，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 which。
24.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：照片中，我周围是一些在我当时的生活中非常重要的东西。分析句子可知，the things是先行词，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词 that/which。
25.where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能是被扫进了一堆厨房垃圾里，然后被撒在了花园里，它一直待在那里，直到胡萝卜的顶端意外地穿过它发了芽。定语从句的先行词是 the garden，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，故填 where。
26.whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妻隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和 couple是所属关系，故用 whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom。
27.whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求他们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。定语从句的先行词是 Many young people，指人，设空处在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填关系代词whom。
28.which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：关于为什么人类哭的时候会流泪科学家已经提出了很多理论，但没有个被证明。此处是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句，定语从句的先行词是 theories，指物，且定语从句中介词of后缺少宾语，故填 which。
29.when【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会好些。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是next week，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
30.as【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。分析句子结构可知，非限制性定语从句位于句中，先行词为整个主句的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，表示“正如”，故填as。as is reported正如报道的那样。
31.when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行词为the time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
32.whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。先行词为 The books，关系词在从句中作定语，故填 whose。
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定语从句
定语从句的概念
在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句位于先行词之后。定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词两类。
一、定语从句的分类
【观察】
She is the nurse who looks after the children.
她就是照料这些孩子的护士
This letter is from my sister, who is working in a factory.
这封信是我的姐姐寄来的，她现在在一家工厂工作。
【归纳】
（1）根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 ① 紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句删除后会影响整个句子的表达； ② 与主句之间通常用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省略，意思仍完整。
（2）在定语从句的引导词中，只有that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
二、关系代词的用法
1.关系代词的具体用法
【观察】
This is the present (that) Jack gave me for my birthday.
这是杰克送给我的生日礼物。
This is the book (which) you are looking for.
这就是你正在找的那本书。
Do you know everybody who came to the party
你认识来参加聚会的每个人吗？
The man (who/whom) you met just now is called Jim.
你刚才遇见的那个人叫吉姆。
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor
那个妹妹是医生的年轻人叫什么名字？
As is known to all. China is in the east of Asia.
众所周知，中国位于亚洲东部。
【归纳】
引导定语从句的关系代词有that、which、who、whom whose、as。
（1）that既可指物，也可指人，在定语从句中作主语、 ③ 、表语，作宾语时可省略。
（2）which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作 ④ 时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。
（3）who和whom指人， ⑤ 在定语从句中作主语或宾语； ⑥ 在定语从句中只能作宾语。
（4）whose指人或物，在定语从句中作 ⑦ ，后面定紧跟 ⑧ 。
（5）as在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“ ，as引导的从句可放在句首、句末或句中；as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常被as、so、such the same修饰。
2.宜用that，不宜用 which的情况
【观察】
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop
你有什么东西要在商店里买吗？
This is the only bike that I can afford.
这是我能买得起的唯一的一辆自行车。
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。
I can remember well the persons and pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和照片。
【归纳】
（1）先行词是 all、few、lite、nothing、everything、 ⑩ 等不定代词时，宜用that不用 which。
（2）先行词被 、the very、no等词修饰时，宜用that不用 which。
（3）先行词被序数词或 修饰，或先行词本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，宜用that不用 which。
（4）先行词 时，宜用that不用 which。
3.宜用 which，不宜用that的情况
【观察】
China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。
This is the room in which the great scientist lived.
这是这位伟大的科学家曾经居住过的房间。
【归纳】
（1）引导 时，用 which，而不用that。
（2）关系代词前有时，通常用 which，而不用that。
关系副词的用法
【观察】
Opposite is St Paul’s Cathedral, where/in which you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born
你知道林肯的出生日期吗？
The reason why I don t trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。
This couple have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
这对夫妇已经到了必须分手的地步。
【归纳】
（1）引导定语从句的关系副词有、、。
（2）当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因（一般为 reason）的名词，并且定语从句中缺少状语时用关系副词引导定语从句。有时可用“”结构替换关系副词。
（3）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如 point、situation、case、stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that或 which引导定语从句。
四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【观察】
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
Leather shoes trade is the career to which the greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家非常投入的事业。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the count.
我永远不会忘记儿时在乡村度过的时光。
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
这种离开它我们不能存活的无色气体被称为氧气。
【归纳】
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，若先行词指人，关系代词常用；若先行词指物，关系代词常用。“介词+关系代词”中介词的确定：、、。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.（2019江苏，21，★★）We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2.（2019天津，11，★★）Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
3.（2019课标全国I，短文改错，★★）One afternoon ________ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
4.（2019课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，★★）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
5.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
6.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，短文改错，★★）In the café, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment ________ is created for them.
7.（2019浙江，语法填空，★★）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.
8.（2019北京，语法填空C改编，★★）The students benefitting most from college are those ________ are totally engaged（参与）in academic life.
9.（2018北京，5，★★）She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
10.（2018天津，2，★★）Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
11.（2018江苏，23，★★）Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
12.（2018课标全国I，语法填空，★★）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
13.（208课标全国I，短文改错，★★）They also had a small pond ________ they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
14.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，★★）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
15.（2018浙江，语法填空，★★）Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
16（2018天津3月，7，★★）There was a long wait at the reception desk, ________ everyone was checking in.
17.（2017天津3月，13，★★）I have reached a point in my career ________ I need to decide which way to go.
18.（2017北京，31，★★）The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
19.（2017江苏，28，★★）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
20.（2017天津，9，★★）My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
21.（2017课标全国I，语法填空，★★）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.
22.（2017课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★）But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
23.（2017课标全国Ⅱ，短文改错，★★）In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, ________ is on the rooftop of their house.
24.（2017课标全国Ⅲ，短文改错改编，★★）Around me in the picture are the things ________ were very important in my life at that time.
25.（2017浙江，语法填空，★★★）Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ________ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted（生长）through it.
26.（2016北京，2，★★）I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
27.（2016江苏，23，★★）Many young people, most of ________ were well educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
28.（2016浙江，11，★★）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
29.（2016天津，9，★★）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
30.（★★）The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent In Just one year.
31.（★★）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
32.（★★）The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
参考答案：
限制性定语从句②非限制性定语从句③宾语④宾语⑤who⑥whom⑦定语⑧名词⑨正如，正像⑩ anything the only形容词最高级既包括人又包括物非限制性定语从句介词 where when why 介词+ which where whom which 依据先行词搭配的具体意义依据定语从句中动词或形容词的某种习惯搭配依据句子所表达的意思
1. when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的可能性最大。句中先行词为age（时代），且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
2. where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词 where。
3.when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上小学时的一天下午，我在学校操场旁散步。先行词 One afternoon表示时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以使用关系副词when引导定语从句。
4. which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：现在 Irene Astbury每天从上午9点到下午5点在位于麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家宠物店是她和她已故的丈夫Les一起开的。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作 opened的宾语，故用关系代词 which。
5.who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为 masters（主人），且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who/that。
6.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这间咖啡厅，顾客们将在为他们创造的历史环境中尽情享受。先行词 the historical environment指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。
7.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：夹克的边上有一块布，这块布能在黑暗中发光。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是 a piece of cloth，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或 which。
8.who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全参与到学术生活中的人。________ are totally engaged（参与）in academic life是定语从句，修饰先行词 those，设空处在从句中作主语，指人，关系词宜用who。
9. which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人都骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。________ helps them keep fit是非限制性定语从句，该从句位于主句后，修饰整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词 which。
10. whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我和凯特的姐姐在大学的时候共住一室。分析句子可知，先行词为Kate，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作名词 sister的定语，故用关系代词 whose。
11.where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线上的领域。句中先行词为area，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。
12.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究，这项研究表明每天跑步仅5到10分钟就可以降低患心脏病和由于各种原因导致过早死亡的风险。a study是先行词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。
13.where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。我爷爷说去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了很多钱。此处 a small pond是先行词，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。
14.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国农业部发现，在2005年和2011年之间，化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年政府启动了土壤检测项目，向农民推荐特定的化肥。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词 a soil testing program指物，故填关系代词that/which。
15.who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭可能会多么便宜，他们自己做饭的次数就会大大少于他们在自己国家做饭的次数。定语从句的先行词是 Many westerners，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词who/that。
16.where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：接待处排起了长队，大家都正在这里办理登记手续。先行词为the reception desk，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词 where。
17. where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的事业到了需要决定何去何从的阶段。先行词 point在此处意为“阶段”，表示抽象的地点，故用 where引导定语从句。
18.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能成为伟大发明的灵感。________ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，故填关系代词that which。
19.whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：1963年联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。先行词是 the World Food Programme，设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰 purposes，故填whose。
20.whose【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我最大的儿子现在在纽约，他的工作使他走遍世界各地。先行词是 My eldest son，根据句意和空后名词确定关系词在从句中作定语，故填 whose。
21.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：像任何东西样，两者都有可能食用太多，这对健康不利。分析句子结构可知，________ is not good for the health 为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为前文中的 to have too much of both，即“两者食用过多”。故填 which。
22.who【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：但是曾和顶级模特同台表演过的萨拉想证明自己既有美貌又有头脑。分析句子结构可知，先行词 Sarah后面是个非限制性定语从句，且从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。
23.which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在业余时间，他们对在自家屋顶的花园里种菜很感兴趣。非限制性定语从句的先行词是 their garden，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 which。
24.that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：照片中，我周围是一些在我当时的生活中非常重要的东西。分析句子可知，the things是先行词，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词 that/which。
25.where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Pahlsson和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可能是被扫进了一堆厨房垃圾里，然后被撒在了花园里，它一直待在那里，直到胡萝卜的顶端意外地穿过它发了芽。定语从句的先行词是 the garden，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，故填 where。
26.whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妻隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和 couple是所属关系，故用 whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom。
27.whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求他们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。定语从句的先行词是 Many young people，指人，设空处在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填关系代词whom。
28.which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：关于为什么人类哭的时候会流泪科学家已经提出了很多理论，但没有个被证明。此处是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句，定语从句的先行词是 theories，指物，且定语从句中介词of后缺少宾语，故填 which。
29.when【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会好些。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是next week，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
30.as【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。分析句子结构可知，非限制性定语从句位于句中，先行词为整个主句的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，表示“正如”，故填as。as is reported正如报道的那样。
31.when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行词为the time，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
32.whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。先行词为 The books，关系词在从句中作定语，故填 whose。
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