2023届高三英语二轮复习强化练1：细节理解题（含答案）

强化练1 细节理解题
A
(2022·河北石家庄一模)
Looking for a cool new book this season？TFK Kid Reporters read and reviewed some of the best books of the year.
Yusuf Azeem is Not a Hero
Yusuf Azeem is hoping to have a great first year in middle school.Standing in his way are the hate notes left in his locker and his struggle to find his place in a new community.Yusuf Azeem Is Not a Hero，by Saadia Faruqi，will appeal to readers who like stories about everyday kids overcoming challenges and finding inner strength.
Black Boy Joy
The short stories in Black Boy Joy，edited by Kwame Mbalia，celebrate the pleasures of Black childhood.There are also stories about victories，competitions，and getting dressed for their first day of school.Most are short，with simple plots.People who enjoy bite-size stories of happiness will like this collection.
Paradise on Fire
In Paradise on Fire，by Jewell Parker Rhodes，Addy is a shy,15-year-old girl who escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents.When a fire breaks out at the wilderness camp，Addy knows what to do.Will Addy be able to lead her fellow campers to safety？Readers will love the mix of suspense，action，and emotion in this book.
Chunky
Chunky was written by Yehudi Mercado.In the book，Hudi tries sports，which，however，take him away from what he’s truly passionate about：comedy.His imaginary friend，Chunky，appears throughout the story to help Hudi achieve his dreams.Chunky is a great book for kids who want to read about friendship，family，and try to find where they might fit in.
1．Which of the following tells about happy childhood
A．Yusuf Azeem is Not a Hero.
B．Black Boy Joy.
C．Paradise on Fire.
D．Chunky.
2．What is the book by Jewell Parker Rhodes about
A．A girl trying to escape from danger.
B．A boy suffering at school.
C．A boy participating in a summer camp.
D．A girl taking an interest in comedy.
3．Who is Chunky in the book
A．A comedian. B．Hudi’s classmate.
C．A shy boy. D．An unreal friend.
B
(2022·山东日照一模)
Despite Kyle Tianshi being only a 15-year-old US high schooler，he has published five sci-fi novels.His fifth book Eventide was released in July.However，this may not be his most impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Hero Award”，a $20,000 grand prize.It is the top honor in the California Youth Sustainability Awards.The competition aims to encourage and support young community leaders who are making a difference for sustainability in their communities by taking action for the planet.
Kyle，a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US，received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID.The device can detect microscopic particles(粒子) in water by using a laser and microscope.These particles can be harmful to people and the environment.
Kyle came up with the idea for the invention based on his experience growing up in San Diego，California，US.People had no access to unpolluted drinking water and his parents asked him not to drink tap water.Kyle spent about $60 buying the tools needed to analyze the tap water：a laser，a microscope and a micro-computer.“It’s incredibly powerful for the price，”Kyle said.Then he used their family’s garage as his laboratory，doing research on the pollution of drinking water caused by micro-plastics.
Kyle hopes to bring to market a low-cost alternative tool for detecting micro-plastic pollution levels in drinking water.In this way，he can offer help to people who don’t have access to water filtration(过滤) systems.He has applied for a patent.
Kyle said his sister Emily，a freshman at Stanford University，inspired his interest in environmental research.She was recognized nationally for developing a water collection device.They have founded the Clearwater Innovation program to advocate for clean water through social media platforms and organize community cleanup events.
4．What do we know about Kyle
A．He is good at adapting sci-fi works.
B．He entered many novel contests.
C．He received an award for his invention.
D．He’s found microscopic particles in water.
5．What led to Kyle’s creation of NEREID
A．People’s lack of clean drinking water.
B．People’s poor living conditions.
C．His desire to be a community leader.
D．His family’s encouragement.
6．Which of the following best describes Kyle
A．Considerate and brave.
B．Optimistic and honest.
C．Determined and humorous.
D．Responsible and creative.
7．What’s the text mainly about
A．The introduction to NEREID.
B．A boy’s contribution to literature.
C．The harm of polluted water.
D．A US schooler’s water solution.
C
(2022·江苏决胜新高考联考)
The global population growing，the climate is warming，and，no surprise，the demand for energy is steadily increasing.We need to use less energy in any way that we can.
German design student Tobias Tribenbacher，from the University of the Arts Berlin，has created a street light called Papilio in response to global sustainability initiatives，saying that he initially chose to create a city-facing street light due to such lights’ role in tight pollution.
Papilio can be mounted to walls or set up as a freestanding lantern.The lamp should ideally be placed between three to six metres above ground，where ground-level winds are the strongest.The lamp is shaped like a pinwheel that acts as a wind turbine(涡轮)，catching the wind to produce its own energy.It also has a rechargeable battery that stores electricity，so the lamp can operate even on less windy days.
Another key component of the lamp is the light itself.The warm-colored light doesn’t draw the attention of insects，and it uses an infrared(红外线的) sensor so that the light is only started by nearby motion，reducing its contribution to light pollution.
Aside from saving public space and beautifying streets，the street light’s design is also a visual signal of clean energy in action.“Design not only determines how street lights are working.It can also shape our attitude towards them and consequently affect how we use them，”Tobias Tribenbacher says.“Because energy creation is often an invisible process，projects such as these help the production of electricity become comprehensible.”
The lamp’s ability to change wind power into electricity can also be a huge benefit to naturally windy areas.And since it doesn’t require any electrical infrastructure(基础设施)，there will be an opportunity to fix the street lights in remote settings or places where infrastructure innovations can be cost-prohibitive.
Just as lanterns create the character of streets and squares，Papilio is envisioned as a public sustainability statement that motivates residents to take part in transforming our cities into climate-friendly，future-proof environments.
8．Why did Tribenbacher choose to create the street light
A．To tackle light pollution.
B．To reduce biodiversity loss.
C．To beautify the city he lives in.
D．To draw public attention to waste.
9．Which of the following is the feature of the street light
A．It occupies a large space.
B．It can be fixed anywhere.
C．It is switched off by hand.
D．It is unattractive to insects.
10．What do Tribenbacher’s words in paragraph 5 imply
A．The climate crisis is tough to address.
B．Design can facilitate our comprehension.
C．We must take action to save clean energy.
D．We know little about electricity generation.
11．What is the purpose of the text
A．To stress the importance of innovation.
B．To introduce a wind-powered street light.
C．To advocate environmental sustainability.
D．To analyze the sustainability of the street light.
D
(2022·福建师大附中质检)
Drive Thru History Adventures
Drive Thru History，whether as a course，guide，or episodic lesson，tries to make historical information fun.Dave Stotts goes the extra literal mile to bring history to viewers in context by traveling to the locations he’s discussing.This is where the “adventure” subtitle comes from.The courses have snowballed in popularity due to the quality of the material as well as the humor and inventiveness of the host.
Features of the Drive Thru History Courses
Each course comes with many ways to view，absorb，and test your knowledge of its topics.The main purchase is On Demand，HD streaming of your favorite Drive Thru History episodes.You also get print Course guides that come with worksheets，answer guides，and articles written by industry experts on topics covered in the courses.
With your purchase，you can also have access to a community of other Drive Thru History fans，with exclusive content updates!
Ways to join the Adventure
·Buy a single Drive Thru History Course
Our online courses include lifetime on-demand video streaming，a course guide，and additional resources to help you learn as much from one series as possible.
·Join our All-Access membership
If you like what you bought，you can buy the All-Access pass.This pass gives you the ability to view all the released courses by paying an annual fee.All-Access comes in at $119.95.Once you’re subscribed，your subscription will automatically renew to keep you up-to-date on the latest Drive Thru History content!
Whether you buy a single course or the All-Access pass，you get the same basic features.These bonuses will help you make your history lessons come alive.
12．How does Dave Stotts make the courses fun
A．By sharing history on location.
B．By revising historical materials.
C．By presenting hi-tech inventions.
D．By organizing adventure activities.
13．What will you get after you buy the courses
A．Tour guides.
B．Video streaming.
C．Articles from students.
D．Interaction with the host.
14．What does an All-Access membership offer
A．A discounted annual fee.
B．Additional history lessons.
C．Updates on the latest content.
D．Limited access to some courses.
E
(2022·河北邢台一模联考)
There are few places on Earth that humans haven’t messed up.Now even Antarctica，the only continent with no permanent human inhabitants，is being altered by us.A study found that the increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing more snowmelt—bad news for a frozen world already battling the effects of human-caused global warming.
Black carbon，the dark dusty pollution that comes from burning fossil fuels has settled in locations where tourists and researchers spend a lot of time，scientists found.Even the smallest amount of the dark pollutant can have a significant impact on melting because of its very low reflectiveness：things that are light in color，like snow，reflect the sun’s energy and stay cool；things that are dark，like black carbon，absorb the sun’s energy and warm up.
“The snow albedo(反射率) effect is one of the largest uncertainties in regional and global climate modeling right now，”Alia Khan，a snow and ice scientist at Western Washington University，told CNN.“That’s one of the motivations for the study，to quantify the impact of black carbon on regional snowmelt，which is important for quantifying the role of black carbon in the global loss of snow and ice.”
“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year.But，if it weren’t there，in the state that it is meant to be，the balance that we have in the climate system will no longer be，”Marilyn Raphael，a geography professor said.“Antarctica’s sea ice is also important to maintain a balance in atmospheric circulation，”he added.As waters get warmer，some Antarctic creatures are finding their homes more and more unlivable.
“Everything we do has consequences，”Raphael said.“We need to educate ourselves about those consequences，especially in systems that we know relatively little about.We have to be careful that we don’t upset the climate balance.”
15．Why can the smallest amount of black carbon have a huge impact on melting
A．It is highly reflective.
B．Its dark colour absorbs heat.
C．It produces vast energy.
D．It causes much pollution.
16．According to Alia，which of the following is one reason for conducting the study
A．To measure the impact of black carbon on melting.
B．To quantify the cost of battling against climate change.
C．To remove the uncertainties of global warming effects.
D．To urge people to pay more attention to melting problem.
17．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The change caused by Antarctic ice melting.
B．The methods to stop Antarctic ice melting.
C．The significance of Antarctic being in its state.
D．The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing.
18．What does Raphael advise people to do
A．Reduce tourist numbers.
B．Face the consequences.
C．Acquire professional education.
D．Stop disturbing the climate.
F
(2022·湖南雅礼十六校联考)
Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words？Yes，say researchers as they have found that talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.
While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words，unless eventually very well trained，a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities，according to a study published in the journal Scientific Reports.
“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words，” said researcher Claudia Fugazza from the E tv s Lor?nd University in Hungary.For the study，the team involved two gifted dogs，Whisky and Vicky Nina.The team exposed the dogs to the new words in two different conditions.
In the exclusion-based task，presented with seven known toys and one new toy，the dogs were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name.Researchers say this proves that dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word，they selected the only toy which did not have a known name.
However，this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy.In fact，when they were presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name，the dogs got totally confused and failed.
The other condition，the social one，where the dogs played with their owners who pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog，proved to be the successful way to learn the name of the toy，even after hearing it only 4 times.“The rapid learning that we observed seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18 months，”Fugazza says.“But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind this learning are the same for humans and dogs.”
To test whether most dogs would learn words this way,20 other dogs were tested in the same condition，but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names，confirming that the ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a few gifted dogs.
19．What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports
A．To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B．To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.
C．To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D．To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.
20．How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition
A．Slow to understand.
B．Quick to learn.
C．At a loss.
D．In a panic.
21．What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition
A．Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B．The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
C．Dogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.
D．Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
22．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly
B．Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion
C．Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training
D．Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans
参考答案
1．B　[细节理解题。根据Black Boy Joy部分中的第一句可知，Black Boy Joy讲述了快乐的童年。故选B。]
2．A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Jewell Parker Rhodes写的书是关于一个试图逃离危险的女孩的故事。故选A。]
3．D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，书中的Chunky是一个虚构的朋友。imaginary和unreal同义，故选D。]
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了能够检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。
4．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C。]
5．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A。]
6．D　[推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句及文章最后一句可知，Kyle发明了NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他既有责任心又有创意，故选D。]
7．D　[主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段第一句可知，文章主要讲述15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了能够检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的路灯，这款路灯是由风能转化为电能，因此可以减少能源使用，从而减少对环境的污染。
8．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段以及第四段第二句可知，这款路灯最初设计的目的就是用来应对光污染问题。故选A。]
9．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，这款路灯不会吸引小昆虫。故选D。]
10．B　[推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Design not only determines how street lights...the production of electricity become comprehensible.”可推断出，这样的设计可以促进我们对于能源生产的理解。故选B。]
11．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段以及下文对这款路灯的作用、工作原理的介绍可知，本篇文章主要的目的是介绍一款风能路灯。故选B。]
12．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...tries to make historical information fun.Dave Stotts goes the extra literal mile to bring history to viewers in context by traveling to the locations he’s discussing.”可知，为了让课程有趣，Dave Stotts去了他所讨论的内容发生的地方，即历史发生地。故选A。]
13．B　[细节理解题。根据 Buy a single Drive Thru History Course部分的内容可知，购买课程之后可以获得终身观看视频的权利。故选B。]
14．C　[细节理解题。根据Join our All-Access membership部分中的“Once you’re subscribed，your subscription will automatically renew to keep you up-to-date on the latest Drive Thru History content！”可知，拥有All-Access之后，会员可以看到更新的最新内容。故选C。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于人为造成的全球变暖，南极洲的环境发生了变化。
15．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，由于能够吸收热量，黑碳对融化会产生巨大的影响。故选B。]
16．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在研究过程中，量化黑碳对融雪的影响是十分重要的。故选A。]
17．C　[段落大意题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，本段主要讲述了南极洲保持其原来状态的重要性。故选C。]
18．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Raphael建议我们停止扰乱气候，不要破坏气候的平衡。故选D。]
19．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We wanted to know under which conditions...from the E tv s Lor?nd University in Hungary.”可知，研究的目的是想探索有天赋的狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。故选D。]
20．C　[细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，在第一种情况下狗非常困惑。故选C。]
21．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可推出，社会性条件可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。故选B。]
22．A　[标题归纳题。根据第一段以及倒数第二段第一句可知，本篇文章主要讲述的是有天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。]