2023届高三英语二轮复习压力为什么能让你变胖?等2则外刊阅读训练(含答案)

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名称 2023届高三英语二轮复习压力为什么能让你变胖?等2则外刊阅读训练(含答案)
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更新时间 2023-03-14 00:11:49

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外刊精读精练
压力为什么能让你变胖?
导读:
每天要面对来自生活、工作的压力对于很多现代人来说已是家常便饭,但随之而来的是由压力引起的健康隐患,包括睡眠不足和心脏疾病等。你知道吗,除此之外,压力还可以使人的体重增加,甚至导致肥胖?本集《外刊精读》讨论压力可能让人变胖的原因。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: nutrition and health 词汇:营养和健康
Have you ever had a stressful day Many people do in the course of their daily lives. And on these high-pressure days, they might find themselves reaching for a sugary snack. Perhaps this is part of their daily routine. Or perhaps on this particular day, their self-control is a bit low and they feel compelled to take a sugar hit.
Stress is natural. That feeling of strain or pressure is a biological response, and under the right circumstances can be a great source of motivation. However, too much stress, especially chronic stress, has been linked to sleep disruption, a higher likelihood of a stroke, heart-attack, ulcer or depression, among other things. But why should stress make a person comfort eat
Dr. Giles Yeo, a member of the BBC’s Trust Me, I’m a Doctor team, got together with scientists from Leeds University to conduct an experiment into the effect of stress on blood sugar. Dr. Yeo was subjected to a stress test. In the first stage, he was forced to answer mathematical questions rapidly. In the second, he had to immerse his hand in a bath of ice-cold water for a period of time.
Before and after these tests, the Leeds scientists would measure Dr Yeo’s blood sugar levels. These are the levels which rise when we eat as our body takes in the energy of the food. In a healthy person, these levels quickly return to normal. However, when Dr Yeo was being deliberately subjected to stress, his blood sugar took six times longer to drop than on a stress-free day.
When we become stressed, our bodies enter ‘fight or flight’ mode. Because our body believes it’s under attack, it releases glucose into the blood to provide energy for muscles. However, if we don’t use that energy, our body then releases insulin to make the blood sugar levels drop. This drop causes a hunger response: you want to eat. And what you particularly crave is sugary food, which rapidly replenishes the energy you have lost. If this happens repeatedly, over a long enough period, these high-calorie foods can lead to obesity.
So what can we do to combat the stress In an article for the BBC, Dr Michael Mosley recommends ‘stress-busting’ techniques, like exercise, gardening, mindfulness or another activity that you enjoy. But his strongest recommendation is trying to get a good night’s sleep. A recent study carried out by researchers at King's College, London found that if you deprived people of sleep, they would consume, on average, an extra 385kcal per day, which is equivalent to the calories in a large muffin. So, try sleeping to decrease stress, and as a result make it easier to keep yourself a little trimmer.
二、词汇表
sugary snack 含糖的零食
self-control 自控力
compelled 不得不地
a sugar hit 由糖带来的一时的刺激
chronic stress 慢性压力,长期不断的压力
sleep disruption 睡眠中断
stroke 中风
heart-attack 心脏病发作
ulcer 溃疡
depression 抑郁,忧郁
comfort eat 安慰性饮食
blood sugar 血糖
stress-free 无压力的
glucose 葡萄糖
insulin 胰岛素
high-calorie 高热量的
obesity 肥胖
combat stress 克服、对抗压力
stress-busting 减压的
keep yourself trimmer 使你保持苗条身材
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. True or false: Stress is always negative.
2. What has chronic stress been linked to
3. How much longer did it take Dr Yeo’s blood sugar to drop after the stress test than on a stress-free day
4. Why do we crave sugary food in particular when our blood sugar is low
5. How can we best combat stress
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. John! That’s more than enough chocolate now. You’ll be ill. Have some ______.
sugary snack self-control
blood sugar high-calorie
2. He’s a kleptomaniac. It means he’s ______ to steal. He can’t help it. It’s biological.
compelled chronic
disruption stress-free
3. When my mother was pregnant, she really ______ figs.
stroke depression
craved combatted
4. With the availability of cheap high-calorie foods, the UK now has a problem with ______.
chronic stress sleep disruption
depression obesity
5. Since he broke up with her, Jane hasn’t stopped ______. She’s getting really big.
sugar hitting heart-attacking
comfort eating combatting stress
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. True or false: Stress is always negative.
False. That feeling of strain or pressure is a biological response, and under the right circumstances can be a great source of motivation.
2. What has chronic stress been linked to
It has been linked to sleep disruption, a higher likelihood of a stroke, heart-attack, ulcer or depression, among other things.
3. How much longer did it take Dr Yeo’s blood sugar to drop after the stress test than on a stress-free day
When Dr Yeo was being deliberately subjected to stress, his blood sugar took six times longer to drop than on a stress-free day.
4. Why do we crave sugary food in particular when our blood sugar is low
Sugary food rapidly replenishes the energy you have lost.
5. How can we best combat stress
We can best combat stress by trying to get a good night’s sleep.
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. John! That’s more than enough chocolate now. You’ll be ill. Have some self-control.
2. He’s a kleptomaniac. It means he’s compelled to steal. He can’t help it. It’s biological.
3. When my mother was pregnant, she really craved figs.
4. With the availability of cheap high-calorie foods, the UK now has a problem with obesity.
5. Since he broke up with her, Jane hasn’t stopped comfort eating. She’s getting really big.
多晚算太晚?
导读:
你也许听说过“better late than never 晚来总比不来强”这个说法。那么,到底多晚算太晚?生活在不同文化背景中的人,对时间的概念、对“迟到”的定义大相径庭。本集《外刊精读》带你了解来自不同国家的人对“迟到”的定义和看法。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: time 词汇:时间
Time flies, or so they say. No matter where you are, humans are constantly measuring and checking time. Some of us are good at it – planning and doing things way ahead of time - while others are always trying to beat the clock and do things at the eleventh hour. And that’s only if you’re on time. What about if you are behind time
Tardiness can be serious. If you were one minute late for work, would you resign It may sound extreme to many of us, but that is exactly what occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament, the House of Lords, in January 2018. International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late, and, as a result, was unable to answer a scheduled question. Instead of trying to make up for lost time, as many might do, he resigned on the spot. He apologized for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed. His resignation, though, was not accepted by the UK prime minister.
So, how late is too late Many cultures take punctuality very seriously, whereas others seem to accept lagging behind as just the normal way of things. Members of the BBC from various different cultures were asked about the concept of timekeeping in their native countries and responded with a raft of answers.
BBC employees from Latin America, Rwanda and Sri Lanka said that there are more flexible attitudes to timekeeping in their cultures. In Latin America, things may happen five minutes, 20 minutes, an hour or even two after they were planned. Whereas, in Sri Lanka, lateness is a part of the daily routine. This is because of poor infrastructure and heavy traffic conditions. In Rwanda, those who attend to deadlines with rigid timekeeping are said to be ‘like a typical European’. This is in a place where it is not unusual to arrive at 11am for a meeting which started at nine.
On the other hand, German and Japanese employees mentioned a stricter adherence to time. In Japan, it is common to make an effort to arrive with time to spare for an appointment. Those who arrived at the stroke of nine to a meeting starting at nine a.m. would be considered late. In Germany, however, if a dinner party were to begin at eight, a person who had arrived five minutes prior, may walk around the block to ensure that they arrive at eight on the dot.
It seems that the answer is subjective, and what is considered acceptable is based on culture. That said, if you don’t mind waiting, it might be best to attend your appointments in good time. And if the worst comes to the worst, remember the old English proverb. Better late than never.
二、词汇表
time flies 时光飞逝
ahead of time 提前
beat the clock “战胜时间”,提前完成工作,赶时间(做某事)
at the eleventh hour 在最后一刻,在最后时刻
on time 按时,准时
behind time 迟到
tardiness 延迟,拖拉
scheduled 已安排的
make up for lost time 弥补失去的时间
late 晚的,迟的
punctuality 准时性,守时
lag 掉队,滞后
timekeeping 守时
deadline 截至日期,最后期限
rigid timekeeping 严格的时间规定
with time to spare 有富余时间
at the stroke of 刚好在…的时候
prior 在…之前
on the dot 准时
in good time 提早,有充裕时间的
better late than never 晚来总比不来强;迟做总比不做好
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What did Lord Bates do when he arrived late at the House of Lords in January 2018
2. True or false: All cultures have the same attitude towards punctuality.
3. Which three cultures mentioned in the text have a more flexible attitude to timekeeping
4. What would German people do if they found themselves five minutes early for a party
5. Which word in the text means ‘rudeness’
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. Ladies and Gentlemen. Due to our speedy take off and the calm weather, I am pleased to say we are currently 15 minutes ______.
on time behind time
late ahead of time
2. If you’re going to work on the railroad, you’ll need ______. You can’t be late by even half a minute.
tardiness scheduled
on the dot rigid timekeeping
3. The register said I was late, but actually I arrived 5 minutes ______ to the recorded time.
in good time prior
with time to spare lagging
4. They say that the ghost will appear on October 31st ______ midnight.
on time scheduled
at the stroke of
on the dot
5. I had to quit. I loved the work, but I couldn’t deal with all the ______. You never had enough time to do anything.
tardiness deadlines
lagging in good time
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What did Lord Bates do when he arrived one minute late at the House of Lords in January 2018
He apologised for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed. He then resigned on the spot.
2. True or false: All cultures have the same attitude towards punctuality.
False. Many cultures take punctuality very seriously, whereas others seem to accept lagging behind as just the way of things.
3. Which three cultures mentioned in the text have a more flexible attitude to timekeeping
BBC employees from Latin America, Rwanda and Sri Lanka mentioned more flexible attitudes to timekeeping in their cultures.
4. What might German people do if they found themselves five minutes early for a party
They may walk around the block to ensure that they arrive at eight on the dot.
5. Which word in the text means ‘rudeness’
‘Discourtesy’ (He apologized for his discourtesy and stated that he was ashamed.)
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. Ladies and Gentlemen. Due to our speedy take off and the calm weather, I am pleased to say we are currently 15 minutes ahead of time.
2. If you’re going to work on the railroad, you’ll need rigid timekeeping. You can’t be late by even half a minute.
3. The register said I was late, but actually I arrived 5 minutes prior to the recorded time.
4. They say that the ghost will appear on October 31st at the stroke of midnight.
5. I had to quit. I loved the work, but I couldn’t deal with all the deadlines. You never had enough time to do anything.