人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册 学案Unit1Science Fiction 单元考点突破（有答案）

名师原创：Unit1 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. appointment n．预约；约会；委任; 任职；任命
【原句再现】
She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop. (教材原句P2)
【词块积累】
appoint vt. 任命；委派
appoint sb. to a post　派某人任某职
appoint sb. as/to be... 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违约=keep/break one’s appointment
【精品例句】
Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.
山姆被任命为工程部经理，接替乔治
He had been appointed to the committee.
他已被派往委员会任职
Do they appoint him as the secretary
他们任命他为秘书了吗？
They have appointed a new head-teacher at my son's school.
我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长
I have an appointment with Dr. Smith，but I need to change it.
我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约
They appointed him as captain of the English team.
他们任命他为英格兰队队长
【高考链接】
I have an appointment ____ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it. (北京卷)
A. to B. off C. with D. from (C)
They appoint Tom (take) charge of all the activities on that day. （陕西卷）
(to take)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He (appoint) general manager for his rich experience. (was appointed)
If you want to see the doctor，you'd better have an _ (appoint) with him in advance. (appointment)
2. test out 检验；测试
【原句再现】
It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire. (教材原句P2 )
【词块积累】
test sb. out 试用，试验，考验(某人)
test for …检验﹙成分等﹚；对人﹙或物﹚做……检测﹙或化验、测试等﹚
put...to the test 使……经受考验；检验；试验
【精品例句】
Scientists test out theories by experiment.
科学家用实验来检验理论。
I wanted to test out the television set before I bought it.
买电视机之前，我要把它好好检验一下。
Have you already tested out the goods on the shelf
你已经检验过架子上的货物了吗？
【高考链接】
My new boss gave me the most difficult clients to deal with. I felt he was really testing me ____ to see if I would cope. (山东卷) (out)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The software has been tested ______ viruses. (for)
Might his promise soon be put to ______ test (the)
3. remind vt. 提醒；使想起
【原句再现】
What things does this picture remind you of (教材P1)
【词块积累】
reminder n. 令人回忆的事物; 提醒者; 提醒物
remind sb. about/of…提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb + that/wh-从句
【精品例句】
Remind you, Jane. Take care. My wife got her purse picked at the station once.
提醒你一下，简，要当心。我妻子的钱包曾在火车站被偷过，
I forgot to remind him about / of the time for the interview我忘了提醒他面试的时间。
Do something you're good at. Remind yourself how good you are al so many things.
做点你擅长的事, 要提醒自己你是多么的多才多艺。
He placed the brochure on his desk as a reminder. 他把手册放在桌上作为提醒 (山东卷)
Let me remind you once again so that you won't forget.我再说一遍，省得你忘了。
Please remind him to start early.请提醒他早点动身。
The pictures reminded me of my school days.这些照片使我想起了学生时代。
Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.
请提醒我明早有个重要的会议。
【高考链接】
In our childhood, we were often by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. (陕西卷)
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped (B)
The photo will remind me ____ the days when we were together. ( 山东卷) (of)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
我们竖起一块牌子提醒人们保护树木(北京卷)
(We put up a board to remind people to protect the trees.)
我提醒自己，妈妈能做的我也能做 (天津卷)
(I reminded myself that what my mother could do, I could, too.)
4. position n.位置; 方位; 位置; 姿势; (物体所指的)方向; 地位; 身份; 职位;职务; 名次; 处境; 状况; 观点; 态度; 立场; vt. 放置; 安放
【原句再现】
She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry, who wanted to improve his social position. (教材P2)
【词块积累】
a man of position有身份的人
in position 就位
hold/take an important position 担任要职
【精品例句】
Can you show me the position of the city on the map
你能在地图上给我指出那个城市的位置吗
T he orchestra were all in position, waiting for the conductor.
管弦乐队队员都已各就各位，等待着指挥
Lie in a comfortable position. 以一种舒适的姿势躺下
Keep the box in an upright position. 把盒子竖着放
The social position of each character influences the way they behave to each other.
每个人物的社会地位影响他们对待彼此的方式
Bruce takes / holds the position of sales manager in a large company.
布鲁斯在一家大公司担任销售经理的职务
Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.
体育场的两端安装了大型电视屏幕
I positioned myself where I could see the door. 我站在可以看见门的地方
【高考链接】
From their ___________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. (陕西) (A)
A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
他正在考虑申请主编的职位
(He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor.)
我希望你能重新考虑你的立场
(I hope you'll reconsider your position.)
5. accompany vt. 陪同；陪伴；伴随；(尤指用钢琴) 为……伴奏
【原句再现】
As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. (教材P2)
【词块积累】
accompany sb. at/on sth. (尤指用钢琴) 为某人伴奏
be accompanied by….由某人陪同；由……伴奏
accompany sb.＝keep pany 陪伴某人
accompany sb. to someplace 陪伴/陪同某人到某地
温馨提示：没有accompany sb. to do sth.结构；accompany是及物动词，其后无需用介词。
【精品例句】
Her song sounded wonderful accompanied by the music.
在音乐的伴奏下她的歌声听起来优美极了。
May we accompany you on your walk
我们陪你一起散步好吗？
Thunder often accompanies lightning.
雷声常伴着闪电。
【高考链接】
He accompanied his father _________ the hospital to see what's wrong with his stomach.
(湖北课改卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I can accompany you ______ the piano if you want to sing. (on)
6. immediately adv.即刻 马上；conj. 一… 就….
【原句再现】
He spoke to the woman, who immediately changed her attitude. (教材P2)
【词块积累】
immediately conj. = the moment = the instant = as soon as　 一……就
immediate adj. 立即的；直接的；最接近的
【精品例句】
I’m sure that your letter will get immediate attention.
我相信你的信马上会得到关注
The medicine has an immediate effect. 药效立竿见影
Many species of parrots are in immediate danger of dying out.
许多种类的鹦鹉濒临灭绝的危险
I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.
我立即跳上自行车往家赶
We immediately climbed onto the table and，for the next four hours，waited for those snakes to leave our camp.
我们立即跳上了桌子，接下来四个小时，等着那些蛇离开我们的帐篷
I'll appreciate it if you can give us an answer immediately.
如果您能给我立即回复我将不胜感激
When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately.
面对棘手问题，大多数人不能立刻给出答案
I left immediately the clock struck 12. 十二点的钟声一响我就离开了
【高考链接】
If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _____ reaction will be to tell the police. (湖北卷)
A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudden (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These teachers and students went to the disaster areas ______ (immediate) to help the children there. (immediately)
7. suggest vt. 建议；体验；提出；推荐；暗示；表明
【原句再现】
He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he w2as to leave and Larry was to return. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
suggest doing sth. 建议/提议做某事
suggest that 主语 + (should) do sth. 建议/提议….
It is suggested that ….(有人) 提出…..
suggest that 从句….. 暗示….；表明…..
suggestion. (可数名词) 建议；提议
make a useful/timely suggestion 提出有用/及时的建议
【精品例句】
John suggested a swim and we all agreed.
约翰提议去游泳，我们都同意了
He suggested playing football after school.
他提议放学后踢足球
The doctor suggested he go for a holiday.
医生建议他去休假
We all suggested that a lab be built.
我们都建议建个实验室
It is suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster.
有人提出，较小的大脑似乎工作效率更高
Can you suggested a good dictionary
你能推荐本好书吗？
Her expression suggested that she was angry.
她的表情说明她生气了
He is so stubborn that I failed to persuade him to accept our suggestion.
他太固执了，我没能说服他接受我们的建议
He made the suggestion that all the political prisoners (should) be set free.
他提议释放所有的政治犯
The professor’s suggestion is that student (should) review in time after learning.
教授的建议是学生们学完后应该及时复习
【高考链接】
Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (上海卷)
Having B. to hold C. holding D. hold ( C )
He came to my class every week, but his attitude _____ he was not really interested in the subject. (山东卷)
A. expressed B. described C. explained D. suggested (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
My mom suggests that we _____ (eat) out for a change this weekend. (should eat)
-- why not buy a second- hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one
-- That’s a good _______ (suggest). (suggestion)
8. expect vt. 等待，期待；预料，预计；期望，指望料想，认为
【原句再现】
By that time, Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
expect v．　期望；预料；要求；认为(某事)会发生
expectation n. 期待；预期；前程
expected adj. 预计要发生的，期待中的
be expected to有望做某事，被期待做某事
expect a letter/phone call 等信/电话
expect sb/sth to do sth. 期待某人/某物做某事；料定某人/某物做某事
expect + 从句 预计…
be expecting a baby/child 怀孕
【精品例句】
Are you expecting visitors 你在等客人吗？
I didn’t expect him to stay so long. 我没料到他会待那么久
We expect that the meeting will finish at about 5 o’clock.
我们预计会议将在五点结束
The rare disease is expected to be cured in a short period of time.
这种罕见的疾病预计能在短时间内治愈。
All the students are expected to participate in the activity actively.
期待所有的学生能积极参加这项活动。
This book is expected to sell 1，500 copies this month.
这本书本月预计要卖到1 500本。
【高考链接】
The plan goes much as _______ (expect). (广东卷) (expected)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
If you _________ (expect) a baby, your smoking habit might cause problems for it. (are expecting)
The result was out of his _________ (expect). Harry looked at the medal in surprise without saying a word. (expectation)
9. manage vt&vi管理; 经营; 设法做成; 努力完成; 控制; 对付; 合理地利用(金钱、时间等) ; 支撑; 凑合着活下去
【原句再现】
Even though Tony had been in the next r4oom, he managed to catch her in time. (教材P3)
【词块积累】
manage a factory / bank / soccer team 管理工厂/银行/足球队
sb. manage to do sth. = sb. succeed in sth./doing sth. = sb. be successful in sth./doing sth.某人成功（设法做成）某事
management n. 经营; 管理
manager n. 经理; 管理人
the general manager 总经理
【精品例句】
We need people who are good at managing. 我们需要擅长管理的人
I don't know how she manages on her own with four kids.
我真不知道她一个人是怎么养活四个孩子的
Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.
如果掌控不够小心，小帆船极易侧翻
It's hard to manage so naughty a child. 对付这样淘气的孩子不容易
You need to learn to manage your time more effectively.
你应该学会更有效地利用自己的时间。
He has to manage on less than $100 a week.他只好靠每周不到100美元来维持生活
辨析： manage, try
manage强调结果，表示经过一番努力之后做成某事
How do you manage to stay so slim 你是怎么保持这么苗条的
I finally managed to push the huge animal away. 我终于把这个庞大的动物推走了
try强调动作，不表示结果如何
The enemy tried to capture the city but failed. 敌人企图占领城市 ，但失败了
"I'll try to get downtown this afternoon but I don' know if I can make it.
今天下午我想去市中心， 但不知是否能去成
A business can't do well without good management. 没有好的管理生意就做不好
【高考链接】
Your house is always so neat -- how do you _____it with three children (山东卷)
manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
After countless interviews, I managed ___________ (stand) out among the candidates and survive the test alone. (广东课改卷) (to stand)
10. dismiss vt. 让 (某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
【原句再现】
The guests would be arriving soon，so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. (教材原句P3 )
【词块积累】
dismiss sb. with a wave of the hand 摆手把某人打发走
dismiss from….将(某人)从……开除；解雇；使退去
be dismissed from one's service (某人)被免职；被解雇
dismiss fear/doubt from one's mind 消除(某人)心里的恐惧/疑虑
【精品例句】
He was dismissed from his job for incompetence.
他因不称职而被解雇了。
The manager dismissed the meeting.
经理宣布散会。
It was not easy to dismiss the matter from his mind.
让他不把这件事放在心上很难。
He dismissed her suggestion out of hand.
他一口拒绝了考虑她的建议。
He was soon dismissed from his job.
他很快就被解雇了。
【高考链接】
I could not understand why Mr. Rochester had not asked the police to arrest her，or at least dismissed her ______ her service. (江西卷) (from)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The minister __________ (dismiss) from his office in disgrace last week. (was dismissed)
She tried to dismiss fear _______ her mind. (from)
11. declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布
【原句再现】
She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. (教材原句P3 )
【词块积累】
declare sb./sth. to be ＋n./adj. 宣布/宣称/某人/某事为……
declare that... 宣布/宣称/声明……
declare war on/upon...向……宣战
declare against….声明反对….
declare for ….声明赞成….
declaration n. 宣布，宣告，声明
【精品例句】
He declared his true feelings to her.
他向她表明了自己的真实感情。
He declared that he would never steal again.
他声明他再也不偷窃了。
Most people declared for peace and against war.
大多数人宣布拥护和平，反对战争。
【高考链接】
In September 1939, Britain declared war ____ Germany after Germany invaded Poland. ( 陕西卷) (on/upon)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The accused man was declared ______ (be) innocent by the court. (to be)
They have now declared war ______ drug dealers in the area. (on/upon)
12. desire n．渴望；欲望vt. 渴望；期望
【原句再现】
She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. (教材P3).
【词块积累】
desire to do sth.　渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
悄悄告诉你：desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
【精品例句】
Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻
I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.
我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉
He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.
他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行
【高考链接】
She has a strong desire _____ knowledge and wants to go to college very much. (陕西卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We always desire (live) in peace with all the other countries in the world. (to live)
He had a strong desire (free) her family from trouble. (to free)
She had a strong desire ___ fame. (for)
13. basis n．基础；根据
【原句再现】
Salary is money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis. (教材P4)
【词块积累】
on the basis of…　在……的基础上，根据……
on a regular basis 定期
base v. 以……为依据；n.根据地，基地
be based on… 以……为基础
【精品例句】
The basis of her opinion is something she read in the magazine.
她的意见的依据是从杂志里看来的。
The article will form the basis for our discussion.
这篇文章将形成我们讨论的基础。
My theory is established on the solid basis of facts.
我的理论是以可靠的事实作为根据的。
【高考链接】
I suggested that we meet _____ a regular basis to discuss the progress. ( 陕西卷) (on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Don't evaluate a person on the basis _____ appearance. (of)
The novel is based (base) on historical facts. (on/upon)
14. conflict n．武装冲突，战斗，战争，冲突，矛盾 v．矛盾，冲突，抵触
【原句再现】
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law. (教材P7)
【词块积累】
a conflict of opinions
a conflict of interest(s)
armed/military conflict 武装/军事冲突
come into conflict with 与……发生冲突
in conflict with 与……相冲突
conflict with 与……发生冲突
【精品例句】
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
他发现自己与父母在将来择业问题上存在分歧
His opinions conflicted with mine. 他的意见和我的意见不一致
My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years.
那些年我与母亲争吵了无数次
Armed conflict may break out at any moment. 武装冲突有一触即发之势
The two stories conflicted，so I did not know what to believe.
两个故事相冲突，我不知道相信哪一个
The conflict between the two countries finally caused a war.
两国间的冲突终于导致了一场战争
【高考链接】
In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ____ in personality. (陕西卷)
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They often comes into conflict ______ each other. (with)
15. urge vt. 催促；力劝；极力主张；驱策；驱赶; n. 强烈的冲动
【原句再现】
I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes! (教材P8)
【词块积累】
urgent adj. 急迫的；紧急的；迫切的
in urgent need of ….急需…
in urgent need of money 急需钱
urge sb. To do sth.
urge that 主语 + (should) do sth.
【精品例句】
They urged me to eat the strange food. 他们怂恿我吃那张奇怪的食物
He urged we (should) take such steps. 他极力主张我们采取这些措施
I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. 我赶着大象进到森林的更深之处
I was embarrassed, but I fought the urge to run off the stage.
我感到很尴尬，但是我控制住了想跑下台的冲动
Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.
一天中的每分钟都排满了亟待解决的事情
【高考链接】
The boss urged that the important meeting ___ (put off) . (江西卷) 【(should) be put off】
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They urged that the thief ______ (punish) at once. 【(should) be punished】
●本单元其它重要词组
16. be superior to….比…更好；更胜一筹
They are much stronger than we are and may be superior to us in the future. (教材P7)
17. turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；结果是
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. (教材P8)
●句型点拨
1. 形式主语it的用法
【原句再现】
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. (教材原句P2)
句式分析：句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that 从句
【能力拓展】
英语中把主语从句后置，同时把形式主语it放在主语位置的常见句型有：
※ It is＋过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced等)＋主语从句 (该结构可与“Sb./Sth.＋ be＋过去分词＋to do...”结构相互转换)
※ It＋不及物动词(seem，happen，turn out，appear等)＋主语从句
※ It is＋名词词组(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honor等)＋主语从句
※ It is ＋adj.(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely等)＋主语从句
【精品例句】
It is important that you arrive on time.
你准时到达很重要。
It is necessary that he come next Monday.
他有必要下周一来。
It is natural that he changed his mind.
他改变主意很正常。
【高考链接】
______ is a pity that you can't go with us to enjoy the concert. (陕西卷) (It)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is reported ______ the film star will come to our city. (that)
_____ is said that he studied abroad，but we don't know which country he studied in. (It)
2. be ＋ being ＋ 形容词
【原句再现】
Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys. (教材原句P3)
句式分析：句中was being sensitive为“be ＋ being ＋ 形容词”结构，强调某人在特定的某个时刻或时候的状况，而不是指这个人一直都是这样的。
【能力拓展】
“be ＋ being ＋ adj.”结构用于陈述句，表示“被陈述对象一时的反常举止或行为以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备、讽刺等情绪”。
【精品例句】
Is he being funny
他是在故意开玩笑吗？
The children are being quiet，I wonder what they're up to.
孩子们竟这样安静，我不知道他们又要捣什么鬼。(暗示平时很吵闹)
Not everyone thinks that the government is being particularly generous.
并非所有人都认为政府这样做特别慷慨。
【高考链接】
He must be wondering why everyone is ____ (be) so rude to him．(湖北卷) (being)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Reg is ______ (be) very nice all of a sudden. What's his game (being)
●过去进行时的被动语态（详见语法课件）
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