人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册 学案Unit1Science Fiction 易混易错点辨析（有答案）

【名师原创】：Unit1 易混易错点辨析
●human; mankind; man; human being; human race
【教材原句】
How do robots already help humans in their lives today (教材P2)
Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human and it was disturbing. (教材P2)
【辨析】
五个词或短语都表示“人，人类”，但用法有细微区别。
mankind, man作“人类”讲时，都是不可数名词，前面不可加任何冠词（包括定冠词和不定冠词）。它们对应的代词为it或its, 而不是they, them和their
温馨提示：man 做人类讲作主语时，谓语用单数，而human作主语时，谓语既可用单数也可用复数。
human, human being; human race 意思是““人，人类”, 是可数名词，可以构成以下表达：a human; three humans; a human being; two human beings; a human race; three human races；human 除了作名词，也可作形容词，表示“人的，人类的”。这三个词或词组作名词时完全可以换用。
【例句呈现】
Mankind's/man’s knowledge of the universe has increased beyond measure
人类对于宇宙的了解已经大为增加。
His research is for the betterment of mankind/man.
他的研究是为全人类造福。
It exerts a civilizing influence on mankind/man.
这产生了教化人类的影响。
The civilization of mankind/man has taken thousands of years to develop.
人类经数千年才文明开化。
Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind/man.
人类必须结束战争，否则战争就会毁灭人类。
In the world today, mankind/man is progressing at a tremendous pace.
在当今世界，人类进步一日千里。
That is no way to treat another human being/human race/human.
那绝不是对待他人的方式。
Physical perfection in a human being/human race/human is exceedingly rare.
体貌完美的人极为罕见。
No human being/human race/human on the face of the earth could do anything worse than what he did.
世界上再没有人能做出比他更坏的事情来。
No human being/human race/human can be free from mistakes.
是人总要犯错误。
she's the best human being/human race/human in the world.
她是世界上最好的人
Challenges are necessary for every human being/human race/human who is seeking quality life.
挑战对于每一个寻找有质量生活的人来说都是十分必要的。
【考点过关】
根据mankind, man, human being, human race和 human的用法填空
1. Although the Negroes were _______ just like the whites, they were not treated as human beings.
2. The need to communicate is a key characteristic of ______ society.
3. Mankind _______ (use) the horse since ancient times.
4. Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of _______ knowledge.
5. Mankind _______ (try) every means to maintain the balance of nature.
6. Contact with other people is a basic ______ need.
7. All progressive mankind _______ (love) peace.
8. She is best known for her work on the ______ brain.
9. The Chinese people should make a greater contribution to ______.
10. Each ______ has to die, but mankind goes on world without end.
11. The country has a poor record on ______ rights.
12. Each human being has to die, but _______ goes on world without end.
13. How long can a _______ go without sleep
14. In every ______ there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition.
15. Asia is one of the places where _______ originated.
16. Be a responsible _______ and do not do evil things to others.
17. One of writer's favorite themes is the fraternity of _______.
【参考答案】
1. human beings/humans/human races; 2. human; 3. have/has used; 4. human; 5. have/has been trying; 6. human; 7. love/loves; 8. human; 9. mankind/man; 10. human being/human race/human; 11. human; 12. mankind/man; 13. human being/human race/human; 14. human being/human race/human; 15. mankind/man; 16. human being/human race/human; 17. mankind/man
●especially; specially
【教材原句】
Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法不同。
especially副词，意思是 “尤其；特别；格外地”，往往用来对前面所述情况进行说明或补充，不强调目的性，只强调超乎寻常，通常用来修饰名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或者是句子。
specially副词，意思是“专门地；特意地；特别地”，强调目的的唯一性，暗含“，只是为了…而不为别的”。一般修饰动词或介词短语。
温馨提示：especially和specially一般不换用，但是especially可以和particularly通用。
【例句呈现】
We are especially encouraged by the strong representation, this year, of women in information technology disciplines
今年，女性在信息技术领域的突出表现尤其让我们备受鼓舞。
She was especially fond of a little girl named Betsy.
她尤其偏爱一个名叫贝齐的小女孩。
Millions of wild flowers color the valleys, especially in April and May
尤其是在四五月份，不计其数的野花盛开，山谷里一片绚烂色彩。
Under all the innocent fun, there are hidden dangers, especially for children
在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。
Re-apply sunscreen every two hours, especially if you have been swimming.
每两个小时重新涂一次防晒油，尤其是在游泳的时候。
The committee is concerned about players' behavior, especially arguing with referees
委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。
Many women, especially as they get older, develop lumpy veins in their legs.
许多妇女，尤其是年纪大了以后，腿上会现出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。
The ring was specially made for her.
这枚戒指是为她订做的。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
The play was written specially for radio.
这出戏是专为无线电广播而写的。
The compost is specially formulated for pot plants.
此混合肥料专门用于盆栽植物。
They thought he had escaped through a specially constructed tunnel.
他们认为他是通过一条专门修建的地道逃跑的。
Patrick needs to use specially adapted computer equipment
帕特里克需要使用专门改装过的计算机设备。
We came specially to learn from you.
我们是特地来向您学习的。
【考点过关】
1. I made this _______ for your birthday.
2. Their main exports are textiles, _______ silk and cotton.
3. She came to London ________ to see Buckingham Palace.
4. We are not _______ interested in watching movies.
5. You can borrow my laptop for you exam, and you don’t need to buy one ______.
6. She was _______ fond of collecting stamps.
7. The smart-phone is ________ designed for software professionals.
8. It’s __________ hot today.
9. Patrick needs to use _______ adapted computer equipment.
10. Millions of wild flowers color the valleys, ________ in April and May.
11. He came here _________ to say sorry to her.
12. He likes all subjects, _________ English.
13. He returned to her hometown _________ to see her sick mother
14. These books will be __________ helpful to those who wish to improve their English.
15. I came here __________ to ask for your advice.
16. The Great Wall had been added to, __________ during the Ming Dynasty.
【参考答案】
1. specially; 2. especially; 3. specially; 4. especially; 5. specially; 6. especially; 7. specially; 8. especially; 9. specially; 10. especially; 11. specially; 12. especially; 13. specially; 14. especially; 15. specially; 16. especially
●disturb；interrupt
【教材原句】
Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human and it was disturbing. (教材P2)
【辨析】
两者都有“打扰”的意思，偶尔可互换，但是在意义上有很大区别。
interrupt 意思是“插嘴；打扰；打岔；使暂停；使中断；阻断，遮挡；打断(某人)”，强调客观上打断或打断别人的交谈，或者是正在进行的事情。
disturb意思是“打扰；干扰；妨碍;搅乱；弄乱；搞乱;使焦虑；使不安；使烦恼;扰乱治安”，侧重指别人在专心做某件事情，或者是在休息的时候，去打扰了对方,引起对方反感，从而使人产生精神层面的烦恼或焦虑。
【例句呈现】
Too many examples can interrupt the smooth flow of the text.
例子太多会使行文不流畅。
I can't stand people interrupting all the time.
我不能容忍老有人打岔。
Would you mind not interrupting all the time
请你别老是插嘴好吗？
The game was interrupted several times by rain.
比赛因下雨中断了几次。
Sorry to interrupt, but there's someone to see you.
对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。
We interrupt this program to bring you an important news bulletin.
我们暂停本节目，插播重要新闻。
You've interrupted my flow ─ I can't remember what I was saying.
你打断了我的话——我记不得我在说什么了。
If you get up early, try not to disturb everyone else.
如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。
He knew an intimate little bar where they would not be disturbed.
他知道一处适合幽会的小酒吧，他们在那里不会受到打扰。
His wife's death disturbed the balance of his mind.
妻子的离世使他心神不宁。
She was in a disturbed state of mind.
她的脑子里一片混乱。
It disturbed her to realize that she was alone.
她意识到自己孤单一人，心里感到很不安。
Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island.
观光客常常破坏岛上微妙的自然生态平衡。
I didn't like to disturb you.
我本不愿打搅你。
【考点训练】
用disturb和interrupt的适当形式填空
1. When we were talking, he often _______ the conversation.
2. Don’t _______ her because she is very busy.
3. His speech was constantly _______ by applause.
4. I'll see my patient now and we expect not to ________.
5. I was just going to tell you when you _______.
6. It is not polite ________ when someone is talking.
7. Please continue ─ I didn't mean _______.
8. Don’t ________ me while I am writing.
9. The phone ringing ________ my train of thought.
10. My sister always _______ me when I study.
11. Forgive my ________ but I really don't agree with that.
12. Please do not ________ us when we are working.
13. He jacked in the earphone so that he would not _______ others.
14. The manager will be angry if you ______ him when he's in conference.
15. It will ________ your normal mind.
【参考答案】
1. interrupted; 2. disturb; 3. interrupted; 4. be disturbed; 5. interrupted; 6. to interrupt; 7. to interrupt; 8. interrupt/disturb; 9. Interrupted; 10. disturbs; 11. interrupting; 12. interrupt/disturb; 13. disturb; 14. disturb; 15. disturb
●offer; supply; provide
【教材原句】
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. (教材P2)
【辨析】
三者都可表示 “供给、提供”，但用法表达有一定区别。
offer 表示“提出，提供；呈现”，着重强调主动向别人提供物品、帮助和服务等。常用于offer to do sth..；offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to/for sb./sth. 句型。
supply表示“供应；补充；弥补”，一般强调替换或补足所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求，常用于supply sb. with sth.= supply sth. to sb.结构。还可作名词，意为“供给（量）；物资；存货”，常用复数形式。
provide表示“供给，提供，装备；准备”，常强调有预见，通过储存等方式为应对意外、紧急情况等做准备，以便需要时提供所需物品。常用于provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb.结构。有时supply 和 provide 可以互换。
【例句呈现】
Supplies of food are almost exhausted.
贮存的食物快吃完了。
We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.
我们不能保证提供充足的原料。
A transport plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees has arrived.
一架为难民运送食物和医疗用品的运输机已经到了。
Their aim was to block guerrilla supply lines.
他们的目的是封锁游击队的供给线。
They are at the end of their food supply.
他们的食物储备已消耗殆尽。
We are here to provide a service for the public.
我们来这里是为公众服务。
The company has won a contract to supply books and materials to schools.
这家公司得到了一份向学校供应图书资料的合同。
Water supplies to the house are at low pressure.
这房子的供水压很低。
The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.
这家医院承诺要提供最好的医疗服务。
The network will provide computer services to your home.
这个网络将为家庭提供全方位的计算机服务。
A firewall provides an essential security blanket for your computer network.
防火墙为计算机网络提供了基本安全保障。
The school provided food for the students.
学校为学生提供伙食。
They provided us with all the books we need.
他们为我们提供所需要的所有书籍。
The bank provided/supplied him with a loan $100,000.
银行为他提供了10万美元的贷款。
She offered me a cup of tea.
她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出代替我去。
Several people were passing but nobody offered to help.
有几个人擦肩而过，却没有人主动提出帮助。
She offered us five different kinds of cake.
她给我们提供了五种不同的蛋糕。
【考点过关】
根据supply, provide和offer的用法填空
1. Our _______ (supply) were running out.
2. Teachers provide a model ______ children to imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (provide) assistance to people in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) to people all over the country.
5. Cows supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each house in bottles.
7. We _______ (offer, provide) customers a free home delivery service.
8. The statistics offer further support _______ our theory.
9. We _______ (offer , supply, provide) a personal service to all our customers.
10. His company offers a flexible packaging service _______ the food industry.
【参考答案】
1. supplies; 2. for/to; 3. provide; 4. supplied; 5. with; 6. to; 7. offer; 8. to/for; 9. offer/supply/provide; 10. for/to
●suggest; advise
【教材原句】
He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. (教材P3)
【辨析】
两者都有“建议”的意思，但有些意义和用法有一定区别。
advise 意思是“建议，提议，劝告，奉劝，报告”，常构成以下结构：
advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不）做某事
advise + sth./doing sth. 提议某事/建议或提议做某事
advise (sb.) against doing sth. 奉劝/建议（某人）不做某事
advise + that sb. (should) +do sth. 建议某人做某事，should可以省略。
It is advised that…..= It is suggested that…..有人建议/提议…..
suggest意思是“建议，提议；推荐，举荐；暗示，表明”，常构成以下机构：
suggest sb. (sb’s) doing sth. 建议某人做某事 = advise sb. to do sth.
suggest sth./doing sth. 提议某事/建议或提议做某事 = advise + sth./doing sth.
suggest + that sb. (should) +do sth. = advise + that sb. (should) +do sth.
建议某人做某事，should可以省略。
suggest to sb. that…..提议/建议某人某事；向某人建议/提议…..
It is suggested that…. = It is advised that…..有人建议/提议…..
温馨提示：suggest作“暗示，表明”讲时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词不用虚拟语气(should do sth.)，而要根据情况用不同的时态。
【例句呈现】
You would be well advised to tackle this problem urgently.
你还是抓紧处理这个问题为好。
Your lawyer can advise you whether to take any action.
你的律师可以告诉你是否起诉。
I will contact you later to advise you when to come.
稍后我会与你联系，通知你何时前来。
It is strongly advised that you take out insurance.
奉劝你务必办理保险。
We've been advised not to risk travelling in these conditions.
我们受到忠告，在这种条件下不要冒险出行。
Police are advising people to stay at home.
警方告诫民众要留在家里。
I'd advise you against doing that.
我劝你别做那事。
The smile on his face seemed to suggest that he was happy to have lost his life for his country.
他脸上的笑容似乎暗示出他很高兴为自己的祖国献出了生命。
He suggested to the committee that they should delay making a decision.
他向委员会建议推迟决定时间。
I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your leisure.
我建议你把表格带回去有空慢慢看。
Her evidence suggests a different interpretation of the events.
她的证据显示这些事件可能有另外一种解释。
It has been suggested that bright children should take their exams early.
有人提议天资好的孩子提前考试。
I suggested going in my car.
我提议坐我的车去。
I suggest we go out to eat.
我提议我们出去吃吧。
【考点训练】
根据advise和suggest的用法，用其适当形式填空
1. He ________ me to go to hospital to examine the day before yesterday.
2. He ________ buying a car just now.
3. He ________ that I (should) buy a computer last week.
4. Mother _______ me/my selling the old house.
5. I advised that he _______ (go) to the cinema.
6. His pale face suggests that he _______ (be) ill now.
7. Her pale face suggested that she ____ (be) seriously ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ (go) to see the doctor.
8. Dentists ________ you to have your teeth checked every six months.
9. They advise that a passport ________ (carry) with you at all times.
10. I'd ________ buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
11. He ________ to reduce his alcohol consumption.
12. I ________ sharing the cost, but he wasn't having any of it.
13. She helpfully ________ that I try the local library yesterday.
14. Can you _______ a good dictionary to me
【参考答案】
1. advised; 2. advised/suggested; 3. advised/suggested; 4. suggested; 5. go/should go; 6. is; 7. was, go/should go; 8. advise; 9. be carried; 10. advise/suggest; 11. was advised; 12. suggested/advised; 13. advised/suggested; 14. suggest
●as if (=as though); even if (= even though)
【教材原句】
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. (教材P8)
The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day. (教材P8)
【辨析】
两者都可以引导状语从句，但意思完全不同。
as if (=as though) 意思是“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；在look, seem, feel, sound等系动词后引导表语从句。
even if (= even though) 意思是“即使，尽管，纵然”，引导让步状语从句。
温馨提示：as if/though引导的从句有时用虚拟语气
①如果句子所述内容是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时, as if/though从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
②如果从句所述内容是不真实的或不可能发生或存在的情况时,as if/though从句谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即根据不同情况谓语动词用一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）和would/could/might + 动词原形（与将来事实相反）。
【例句呈现】
Children universally prefer to live in peace and security, even if/though that means living with only one parent
孩子们普遍愿意过平静安宁的生活，即便这意味着只能与单亲生活在一起。
Even if/though you are on a fairly strict diet you can still go out for a good meal.
即使是在严格地节食，也可以出去吃顿好的。
Even if/though you have had a regular physical check-up recently, you should still seek a medical opinion.
即使近期做过一次常规体检，也应当征求医生的意见。
Nevertheless, it's good to know you've had good notices, even if/though you don't read them.
不过，即便你不看，知道有一些对你的好评也挺好。
Even if/Though I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms
即便我夸大了营养的重要性，但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。
Actually, there's no guarantee of success even if/though you can get the money.
实际上，即使你能得到那笔资金，也不一定会成功。
It felt as if/though we had reversed our roles of parent and child.
感觉就像我们父母和孩子交换了角色。
He looked as if/though nothing could faze him.
他显得镇静自若，遇事不惊。
It was uncanny really, almost as if/though she knew what I was thinking.
真是不可思议，她好像知道我在想什么似的。
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
There was a huge bang as if/though someone had exploded a rocket outside.
突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
Why must you do everything as if/though you have to win
你为什么做每件事情都跟你非要赢似的？
It sounds as if/though it is raining.
听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if/though he is drunk.
从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
You look as if/though you didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talked as if/though he knew what had happened.
他说话的样子,好像他知道发生了什么事情。
He opened his mouth as if/though he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if/though it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
【考点过关】
用even though/if, as though/if填空
1. Old enemies can become new friends ______ all their national interests are not in complete accord.
2. The child talked to us ______ he were a grown-up.
3. I only take on work that excites me, ______ it means turning down lots of money
4. He talked about the Great Wall ______ he had been there before.
5. ______ you have dark skin, you still need protection from the sun.
6. The girl listened _______ she had been turned to stone.
7. _______ you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him.
8. He looked ______ he was ill.
9. _______ the weather's awful there's lots to do.
10. It seems ______ it is going to rain.
11. ______ I had the talent to play tennis I couldn't stand the pressure
12. The house looked ______ it was about to fall down.
13. She travels around the world ______ money is no object.
【参考答案】
1. even if/though; 2. as if/though; 3. even if/though; 4. as if/though; 5. Even if/Though; 6. as if/though; 7. Even if/Though; 8. as if/though; 9. Even if/Though; 10. as if/though; 11. Even if/Though; 12. as if/though; 13. as if/though
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