人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit1Science Fiction Learning About Language and Using Language 词汇语法专项训练（有答案）
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Unit1 Learning About Language and Using Language 词汇语法专项训练
一、刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. On one side is a small canal and the other dorm-like rooms, cheap restaurants and________(mud) paths.
2. The ongoing________ (divide) between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is a major concern of the country.
3. An artificial intelligence expert said recently half of the world's current jobs would be taken ________by AI within 15 years.
4. With time going on, prejudices have fallen ________, and they all co-operate very well.
5. It's certainly clear that many animals' sense of smell is far superior________ humans'.
6. Whenever I have an urge________ (play) computer games, I would think of my goal and regain my strength to study immediately.
7. The party we had been looking forward to ________ (turn) out to be a great disappointment.
8. Not only should the technique and equipment________ (fetch) in, but also the management.
9. It is reported that yesterday the device________ (explode) by experts under controlled conditions.
10. He is so organised that he is likely to________ (elect) President of the Students' Union.
二、刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：科学技术 词数：213 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[吉林长春东北师大附中2020高二月考]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When you think of robots，what is the first thing that comes to mind？Do you think of science fiction movies like Star Wars, 1 robots of all shapes and sizes are part of daily life？Robots were once just the product of fiction. The word itself came from the play Rossum's Universal Robots, 2 (write) in 1920 by Karel Capek.
Today most robots don't look like humans，which appear in many forms. They 3（programme）to perform a wide variety of things，from working in factories 4 exploring the surface of Mars. But there is a surprising problem in the world of robots: What humans find easy is 5 (extreme）complicated for a robot. For example，picking up clothes in a messy room. 6 (be) simple for humans，but it is difficult for robots to do that. 7 problem is to programme a robot to pick up some objects of different shapes and sizes without damaging them.
It shows that one of the most difficult things 8 (improve) in robots is their flexibility. Exciting 9 (develop) in making human-like hands and legs are under way. But the biggest advancement is to teach robots to guess what they can do and 10 they can help us with daily tasks.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
三、刷阅读理解
体裁：议论文 题材：智能城市 词数：309 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[海南屯昌中学2021高三月考]Smart cities are coming. And you can be sure that hackers（黑客）won't be very far behind.
We've already got a glimpse of that future，as cities across the globe start to use technology to connect their services and residents in ways that were science fiction just a few years ago. They are using sensors to collect data-such as traffic，garbage collecting，and road conditions-and then using that data to deliver services more efficiently to more people.
But this rush to become a smart city has a major drawback: The more connected a city is，the easier it is to be affected by cyber attacks.Hackers have，in recent years，effectively held cities hostage through ransomware（勒索软件），sometimes damaging critical systems for months at a time. The damage can cost millions of dollars to repair，as Baltimore and Atlanta have discovered.
And this is just the beginning. As cities add connectivity to their streetlights，power grids，dams，transit lines and other services，they are adding more targets that have the potential to be hacked. What's more，as additional information on residents is collected，officials worry about the result-lots of data could attract terrorists that could incorporate the data into physical and cyber war.
What cyber security lesson can be taught in this hack？For example，don't open e-mail attachments from unfamiliar sources；don't click on unrecognised links；don't leave sensitive information visible on the walls or surfaces of your office. But let's just stick to the most important lesson: The information you share on social media can be used to depict and target you，whether that's done by engineering the clickbait（点击诱饵）aimed at your particular interests，guessing your password based on your birthday or figuring out your schedule and travel so that an intruder can get access to your home or office.
1.What did people use to think of smart cities？
A. They were the products of science.
B. They were bound to be popular.
C. They existed in imagination.
D. They improved people's lives.
2.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？
A. Introduce the harm of hackers.
B. Show the risk of being a smart city.
C. Add some background information.
D. Summarise the previous paragraphs.
3.What is officials' attitude to big data？
A. It is convenient to provide services.
B. It is certain to bring about revolution.
C. There are actually potential dangers.
D. There's competition in high technology.
4. What does the underlined word "depict" in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Describe.
B. Protect.
C. Pursue.
D. Fund.
答案解析
刷单句填空
1.muddy 句意为：一边是一条小运河，另一边是像宿舍一样的房间、廉价餐馆和泥泞的小路。设空处作定语，应用形容词。故填muddy。
2.division 句意为：讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的分歧一直存在，这是这个国家关心的一个主要问题。
设空处作主语，且其前有定冠词The和形容词ongoing修饰，所以应用名词，由is可知应用名词单数形式。故填 division。
3.over句意为：一位人工智能专家近日表示，人工智能将在15年内接管全世界现有工作的一半。take over为固定搭配，意为“接管，接替”。
4.away句意为：随着时间的推移，偏见逐渐消失了，他们都合作得很好。fall away意为“（逐渐）消失”。
5.to句意为：很明显，许多动物的嗅觉远比人类（的嗅觉）灵敏。be superior to...意为“比……更好；更胜一筹”。
6.to play句意为：每当我有玩电脑游戏的冲动，我就会想到我的目标，从而重新坚定我的意志，立即去学习。have an urge to do sth意为“渴望做某事；有做某事的冲动”。
7.turned 句意为：我们一直期待的聚会结果使我们大失所望。本题容易错把turn理解为介词to的宾语，we had been looking forward to 是定语从句，修饰先行词party。所以turn作The party的谓语，从句表示“过去的过去”，主句应用一般过去时。故填turned。
8.be fetched 句意为：该引进的不仅仅是技术和设备，还有管理模式。设空处是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，且not only位于句首引起部分倒装，should提前，所以此处应填be fetched。
9.was exploded 句意为：据报道，这个装置昨日由专家在受控条件下引爆。此处是从句谓语动词，与从句主语是被动关系，由yesterday可知此处表示发生在过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。
10.be elected 句意为：他很有条理，因此他很有可能被选为学生会主席。be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，elect与he之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be elected。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现实生活中机器人的外形、作用以及存在的问题。
1.where句意为：你想到了像《星球大战》这样的科幻电影吗？在《星球大战》里，各种形状和尺寸的机器人是日常生活的一部分。robots of all shapes and sizes are part of daily life在此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Star Wars，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where。
2.written句意为：这个词本身来自卡雷尔·恰佩克在1920年写的戏剧《罗素姆万能机器人》。write在此处应用非谓语动词形式作定语，与其所修饰词是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填written。
3.are programmed 句意为：它们被编程来做各种各样的事情，从在工厂工作到探索火星表面。此处作句子的谓语，programme与主语They之间为被动关系，且本句陈述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are programmed。
4.to 句意见上一题解析。from..…to...意为“从….到……”，是固定搭配。故填to。
5.extremely句意为……人们认为容易的事情，对机器人来说极其复杂。此处修饰形容词complicated，应该用副词。故填extremely。
6.is句意为：比如，在一个凌乱的房间里捡起衣服对人类来说很简单，但对机器人来说那样做很难。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
7.Another 句意为：另一个难题是给机器人设定程序，让其拾取一些不同形状和大小的物品，同时不破坏这些物品。根据上文中的there is a surprising problem可知，此处是另一个（another）难题，且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Another。
8.to improve句意为：这说明，机器人最难提高的一点是其灵活性。此处名词things被形容词最高级修饰，应用动词不定式作其后置定语。故填to improve。
9.developments 句意为：在制造像人一样的手和腿方面，人们正在取得一些令人兴奋的进步。设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，development意为“进步”时是可数名词，前面没有冠词，且谓语动词是are，应该用名词复数，故填developments。
10.how句意为：但最大的进步是教机器人猜它们能做什么和它们如何帮我们处理日常事务。they can help us with daily tasks 与what they can do是并列宾语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，意为“怎样”，故填how。
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文为一篇议论文。智能城市即将到来，它在给人们带来方便的同时也存在着很大的安全隐患。
1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的as cities across the globe start to use technology to connect their services and residents in ways that were science fiction just a few years ago可知，以往的智能城市只存在于科幻小说中，即存在于人们的想象中。故选C项。
2.B推理判断题。第三段主旨句But this rush to become a smart city has a major drawback...cyber attacks.表明智能城市有一大弊端，由此可推知，作者在第三段要说明智能城市存在的危险。故选B项。
3.C推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的officials worry about the result-lots of data could attract terrorists that could incorporate the data into physical and cyber war可知，政府官员认为大数据实际上有潜在的危险。故选C项。
4.A词义猜测题。根据第五段中的The information you share on social media can be used to depict and target you，whether that's done by engineering the clickbait aimed at your particular interests...可知，黑客通过你在社交媒体上分享的信息，可以了解你、锁定你，进而破解你的密码，最终入侵你的家或办公室。protect（保护）、pursue（追求；追赶）、fund（资助）均不能用于表示黑客根据用户信息描绘目标形象这一行为。describe（描述）带入原文后符合语境，与depict意思相近。故选A项。
5 / 7
一、刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. On one side is a small canal and the other dorm-like rooms, cheap restaurants and________(mud) paths.
2. The ongoing________ (divide) between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is a major concern of the country.
3. An artificial intelligence expert said recently half of the world's current jobs would be taken ________by AI within 15 years.
4. With time going on, prejudices have fallen ________, and they all co-operate very well.
5. It's certainly clear that many animals' sense of smell is far superior________ humans'.
6. Whenever I have an urge________ (play) computer games, I would think of my goal and regain my strength to study immediately.
7. The party we had been looking forward to ________ (turn) out to be a great disappointment.
8. Not only should the technique and equipment________ (fetch) in, but also the management.
9. It is reported that yesterday the device________ (explode) by experts under controlled conditions.
10. He is so organised that he is likely to________ (elect) President of the Students' Union.
二、刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：科学技术 词数：213 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[吉林长春东北师大附中2020高二月考]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When you think of robots，what is the first thing that comes to mind？Do you think of science fiction movies like Star Wars, 1 robots of all shapes and sizes are part of daily life？Robots were once just the product of fiction. The word itself came from the play Rossum's Universal Robots, 2 (write) in 1920 by Karel Capek.
Today most robots don't look like humans，which appear in many forms. They 3（programme）to perform a wide variety of things，from working in factories 4 exploring the surface of Mars. But there is a surprising problem in the world of robots: What humans find easy is 5 (extreme）complicated for a robot. For example，picking up clothes in a messy room. 6 (be) simple for humans，but it is difficult for robots to do that. 7 problem is to programme a robot to pick up some objects of different shapes and sizes without damaging them.
It shows that one of the most difficult things 8 (improve) in robots is their flexibility. Exciting 9 (develop) in making human-like hands and legs are under way. But the biggest advancement is to teach robots to guess what they can do and 10 they can help us with daily tasks.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
三、刷阅读理解
体裁：议论文 题材：智能城市 词数：309 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[海南屯昌中学2021高三月考]Smart cities are coming. And you can be sure that hackers（黑客）won't be very far behind.
We've already got a glimpse of that future，as cities across the globe start to use technology to connect their services and residents in ways that were science fiction just a few years ago. They are using sensors to collect data-such as traffic，garbage collecting，and road conditions-and then using that data to deliver services more efficiently to more people.
But this rush to become a smart city has a major drawback: The more connected a city is，the easier it is to be affected by cyber attacks.Hackers have，in recent years，effectively held cities hostage through ransomware（勒索软件），sometimes damaging critical systems for months at a time. The damage can cost millions of dollars to repair，as Baltimore and Atlanta have discovered.
And this is just the beginning. As cities add connectivity to their streetlights，power grids，dams，transit lines and other services，they are adding more targets that have the potential to be hacked. What's more，as additional information on residents is collected，officials worry about the result-lots of data could attract terrorists that could incorporate the data into physical and cyber war.
What cyber security lesson can be taught in this hack？For example，don't open e-mail attachments from unfamiliar sources；don't click on unrecognised links；don't leave sensitive information visible on the walls or surfaces of your office. But let's just stick to the most important lesson: The information you share on social media can be used to depict and target you，whether that's done by engineering the clickbait（点击诱饵）aimed at your particular interests，guessing your password based on your birthday or figuring out your schedule and travel so that an intruder can get access to your home or office.
1.What did people use to think of smart cities？
A. They were the products of science.
B. They were bound to be popular.
C. They existed in imagination.
D. They improved people's lives.
2.What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3？
A. Introduce the harm of hackers.
B. Show the risk of being a smart city.
C. Add some background information.
D. Summarise the previous paragraphs.
3.What is officials' attitude to big data？
A. It is convenient to provide services.
B. It is certain to bring about revolution.
C. There are actually potential dangers.
D. There's competition in high technology.
4. What does the underlined word "depict" in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Describe.
B. Protect.
C. Pursue.
D. Fund.
答案解析
刷单句填空
1.muddy 句意为：一边是一条小运河，另一边是像宿舍一样的房间、廉价餐馆和泥泞的小路。设空处作定语，应用形容词。故填muddy。
2.division 句意为：讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的分歧一直存在，这是这个国家关心的一个主要问题。
设空处作主语，且其前有定冠词The和形容词ongoing修饰，所以应用名词，由is可知应用名词单数形式。故填 division。
3.over句意为：一位人工智能专家近日表示，人工智能将在15年内接管全世界现有工作的一半。take over为固定搭配，意为“接管，接替”。
4.away句意为：随着时间的推移，偏见逐渐消失了，他们都合作得很好。fall away意为“（逐渐）消失”。
5.to句意为：很明显，许多动物的嗅觉远比人类（的嗅觉）灵敏。be superior to...意为“比……更好；更胜一筹”。
6.to play句意为：每当我有玩电脑游戏的冲动，我就会想到我的目标，从而重新坚定我的意志，立即去学习。have an urge to do sth意为“渴望做某事；有做某事的冲动”。
7.turned 句意为：我们一直期待的聚会结果使我们大失所望。本题容易错把turn理解为介词to的宾语，we had been looking forward to 是定语从句，修饰先行词party。所以turn作The party的谓语，从句表示“过去的过去”，主句应用一般过去时。故填turned。
8.be fetched 句意为：该引进的不仅仅是技术和设备，还有管理模式。设空处是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，且not only位于句首引起部分倒装，should提前，所以此处应填be fetched。
9.was exploded 句意为：据报道，这个装置昨日由专家在受控条件下引爆。此处是从句谓语动词，与从句主语是被动关系，由yesterday可知此处表示发生在过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。
10.be elected 句意为：他很有条理，因此他很有可能被选为学生会主席。be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，elect与he之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be elected。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现实生活中机器人的外形、作用以及存在的问题。
1.where句意为：你想到了像《星球大战》这样的科幻电影吗？在《星球大战》里，各种形状和尺寸的机器人是日常生活的一部分。robots of all shapes and sizes are part of daily life在此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Star Wars，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where。
2.written句意为：这个词本身来自卡雷尔·恰佩克在1920年写的戏剧《罗素姆万能机器人》。write在此处应用非谓语动词形式作定语，与其所修饰词是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填written。
3.are programmed 句意为：它们被编程来做各种各样的事情，从在工厂工作到探索火星表面。此处作句子的谓语，programme与主语They之间为被动关系，且本句陈述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are programmed。
4.to 句意见上一题解析。from..…to...意为“从….到……”，是固定搭配。故填to。
5.extremely句意为……人们认为容易的事情，对机器人来说极其复杂。此处修饰形容词complicated，应该用副词。故填extremely。
6.is句意为：比如，在一个凌乱的房间里捡起衣服对人类来说很简单，但对机器人来说那样做很难。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
7.Another 句意为：另一个难题是给机器人设定程序，让其拾取一些不同形状和大小的物品，同时不破坏这些物品。根据上文中的there is a surprising problem可知，此处是另一个（another）难题，且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Another。
8.to improve句意为：这说明，机器人最难提高的一点是其灵活性。此处名词things被形容词最高级修饰，应用动词不定式作其后置定语。故填to improve。
9.developments 句意为：在制造像人一样的手和腿方面，人们正在取得一些令人兴奋的进步。设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，development意为“进步”时是可数名词，前面没有冠词，且谓语动词是are，应该用名词复数，故填developments。
10.how句意为：但最大的进步是教机器人猜它们能做什么和它们如何帮我们处理日常事务。they can help us with daily tasks 与what they can do是并列宾语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，意为“怎样”，故填how。
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文为一篇议论文。智能城市即将到来，它在给人们带来方便的同时也存在着很大的安全隐患。
1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的as cities across the globe start to use technology to connect their services and residents in ways that were science fiction just a few years ago可知，以往的智能城市只存在于科幻小说中，即存在于人们的想象中。故选C项。
2.B推理判断题。第三段主旨句But this rush to become a smart city has a major drawback...cyber attacks.表明智能城市有一大弊端，由此可推知，作者在第三段要说明智能城市存在的危险。故选B项。
3.C推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的officials worry about the result-lots of data could attract terrorists that could incorporate the data into physical and cyber war可知，政府官员认为大数据实际上有潜在的危险。故选C项。
4.A词义猜测题。根据第五段中的The information you share on social media can be used to depict and target you，whether that's done by engineering the clickbait aimed at your particular interests...可知，黑客通过你在社交媒体上分享的信息，可以了解你、锁定你，进而破解你的密码，最终入侵你的家或办公室。protect（保护）、pursue（追求；追赶）、fund（资助）均不能用于表示黑客根据用户信息描绘目标形象这一行为。describe（描述）带入原文后符合语境，与depict意思相近。故选A项。
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