人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Science Fiction 词汇-情景破 （有答案）

Unit1 Science Fiction 词汇-情景破
知识点1 appointment n.预约；约会；委任
She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.（教材P2）
她约好了去做美甲，然后走进一家昂贵的服装店。
情景导学
It is usually necessary to make an appointment with a doctor.
通常有必要和医生预约个时间。
I have a tight schedule today, so let’s appoint another day for the rest of our business.今天我的日程很紧，因此我们另约一天来处理其余的事务吧。
Having graduated from college, he was appointed to hold a position in the physics department.
大学毕业后，他被委派去物理系任职。
Zhang Zheng was appointed as captain of China’s fir aircraft carrier “Liaoning”.
张峥被任命为中国第一艘航空母舰“辽宁”号舰长。
归纳拓展
make/have an appointment ________ sb.和某人预约/有约会
keep/miss an appointment准时赴约/失约
appoint vt.委派，任命；约定，确定（时间、地点）
appoint sb. ________ /to be...任命某人为......
appoint sb. ________ sth./to sth.委派某人做某事/去某机构任职
appoint a time/date/place ________ 为……确定时间/日期/地点
appointed adj.指定的
链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1（2018北京改编，14，★☆☆）
Good morning. I’d like to make an________ (appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
1-2（2018北京，阅读理解D，★☆☆）
They take their driver less car to an________ (appoint) and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.
1-3（2017天津改编，3，★☆☆）
I want to see Mr. White. We have________ appointment.
1-4（★★☆）
They ignore the________ (appoint) time and leave their homes only after the fixed time.
完成句子
1-5（★★★）如果你不能安排在正式办公时间，大多数教授都愿意单独预约来帮助你摆脱困境。
If you can’t make the official office hours, most professors are willing to ________ ________ ________ to help you out.
1-6（★★★）Amie salmon是一个残疾人，在她的学生时代，一直由一个被委派去保护她的护士陪同。
Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ ________ ________ ________.
知识点2 guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.（教材P2）
虽然他们是完全清白的，但克莱尔依然感到内疚。
情景导学
The organizer felt guilty about the accident that happened the wing suit flying.
组织者对翼装飞行中发生的事故感到内疚。
Many survivors were left with a sense of guilt.
许多幸存者都有内疚感。
归纳拓展
feel guilty ________ 对……感到内疚
be guilty of...有……罪
guilt n.内疚；犯罪；罪行
a sense of ________ 内疚感
链接高考
单句语法填空
2-1（★★☆）Some think that one does not need to feel so________ (guilt) when stealing some food to eat. If he lives in a really poor area and he is starving
完成句子
2-2（★★☆）然而，几天后，当我确信我没有被发现的时候，我开始为她的不幸感到内疚。
However, a few days later, when I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered. I started to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
2-3（★★☆）你既没有遗憾，也没有任何负罪感。
You have neither regret, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
知识点3 declare vt.表明；宣称；公布
She heard him declare that he did not want to leave h the next day, and that he felt more than just the desire please her.（教材P3）
她听见它宣称它第二天不想离开她，并且它不仅仅只是想让她高兴。
情景导学
The government declared that the local hospital would arrange nucleic acid tests for all the teachers for free.
政府宣布当地医院将为所有教师安排免费核酸检测。
The researcher declared himself (to be) an expert.
这名研究人员宣称自己是专家。
Actually, the country has declared war on terrorists.
事实上，这个国家已经向恐怖分子宣战了。
归纳拓展
declare war ________ ...向……宣战
declare for/against...声明支持/反对……
declare oneself（________）...宣称自己是……
declaration n.申报（单）；宣布；公告；声明（书）
易混辨析
announce 指正式地“宣布，宣告（决定、计划等）”，侧重人们关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指发布新闻之类的消息。
declare 指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布、宣告、声明”，侧重。“当众”发表，多用于宣战、宣判等。
链接高考
单句语法填空
3-1（2019课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空，★★☆）
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
翻译句子
3-2（2018浙江11月，七选五，★★★）
在短信中，你不必表明你是谁，甚至也不必打招呼。
________________________________________________
3-3（2016北京，阅读理解B，★★☆）
“I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares.
________________________________________________
选词填空（注意使用适当形式）
declare/announce
3-4（2017课标全国Ⅲ，完形填空，★★☆）
He said the lucky woman will be ________ on the website and the trip will be shared online.
3-5（2016课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解B，★★☆）
Without fail one would ________ , “But I’m just not creative.”
根据所给汉语意思井用take短语填空
知识点4 take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.（教材P6）
在科幻小说故事中，机器人通常会变得更强，并占上风。
情景导学
He will take over my job while I am on holiday.
我度假时，他会接替我的工作。
Eventually, Jack’s career started taking off.
最后，杰克的事业开始腾飞了。
He did not take in what he read because his mind wandered.
因为他心不在焉，所以他没有理解他所读的东西。
We tried to find a table, but they were all taken up.
我们想找张桌子，但它们都被占了。
归纳拓展
take ________ 理解；领会；吸入；欺骗；注意到
take ________ 脱下（衣服）；起飞；突然开始成功；迅速流行
take on承担；呈现；雇用；同……较量
take ________ 开始从事；占用（时间或空间）；继续（做）；接着讲
take back收回；退回；使回
链接高考
单句语法填空
4-1（2018天津，阅读理解D，★★☆）
Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, ________ （注意到）all the sights, sounds and sensations.
4-2（2017天津，阅读理解C改编，★★☆）
The idea that the government would ________ （接管）driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here.
4-3（2016江苏，30，★★☆）
Many businesses started up by college students have ________ （迅速成功）thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
4-4（★★☆）
Peter will ________ （开始从事）his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
4-5（★★☆）
They are completely fearless and will readily ________ （同…较量）a creature much larger than themselves，attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.
4-6（★★☆）
Technology is here to help us but we should not allow it to ________ （接管）our lives.
知识点5 urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes！（教材P8）
我有一种强烈的冲动去看那些正在我眼前随机闪过的东西！
情景导学
It is important for schools to urge children to go outside during recess while making sure that sports activities are arranged at staggered hours.
学校敦促孩子们在课间休息时去户外是重要的，同时要确保错开时间安排体育活动。
The situation is far more urgent than politicians are admitting.
形势要比政治家们承认的紧迫得多。
The speech urged that we(should) do our part to protect our environment.
这场演讲敦促我们尽自己的一份力量来保护我们的环境。
归纳拓展
have an urge ________ sth.有强烈的欲望做某事
urge sb. ________ sth.敦促/力劝某人做某事
urge that...促/力劝……[that从句用 ________ ，即从句谓语动词用“（________）+ ________ ”]
________ adj.（行动，事件）紧急的；（状态，形势）紧迫的
urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地
urgency n.紧急，紧迫
链接高考
单句语法填空
5-1（2018浙江，完形填空，★★☆）
Because of all this extra time there was no sense of________ (urge) to do my school work immediately.
5-2（2018江苏，阅读理解C改编，★★☆）
We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress________ (increase) farmland conservation.
5-3（2016课标全国Ⅰ，阅读理解C改编，★★☆）
In this box are some stem cells that are________ (urgent) needed for a patient.
5-4（★★☆）
Ashoka provides money for the world’s most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve________ （urge）problems.
完成句子
5-5（2018北京，完形填空，★★★）
但是如果你露宿街头，又几乎没有什么食物和钱，那么这种欲望无疑会更大。
But ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ if you were living on the streets with little food and money.
5-6（2017课标全国I，完形填空，★★★）
我以前从来没有感觉到学习任何手语的冲动
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________any sign language before.
知识点6 explode vi.&vt.以爆炸；爆破
But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!（教材P9）
但是如果我停下来，同样的空间被其他东西占据了，我们就会被挤在一起，然后像炸弹一样爆炸！
情景导学
Facing the mess, he exploded with/into anger.
面对这混乱的状况，他勃然大怒。
The explosion in Los Angeles has set several buildings on fire and several firefighters injured.
洛杉矶发生的爆炸使几栋建筑起火，几名消防员受伤。
归纳拓展
explode vi.大发（雷霆）；突然爆发
explode into/with anger ________
________ n.爆炸；突然爆发；激增
链接高考
单句语法填空
6-1（2019江苏，阅读理解B，★☆☆）
The________ (explode) had left a hole more than forty miles across-much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.
翻译句子
6-2（2018浙江，阅读理解A改编，★★☆）
When Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
知识点1
①with ④as ⑤to do ⑥for
1-1 appointment考查名词。句意：早上好，我想预约下周三下午的时间。make后缺少宾语，而且不定冠词an后应该接可数名词单数。故填 appointment。
1-2 appointment考查名词。句意：他们乘坐无人驾驶汽车去约会，并设置好让空车在建筑物周围转圈，以避免支付停车费用。根据设空处前的不定冠词an。可知此处应填可数名词单数。故填 appointment。
1-3 an考查冠词。句意：我想见怀特先生。我们有个约会。have an appointment有个约会。故填an。
1-4 appointed考查形容词。句意：他们无视指定的时间，只在固定的时间后才离开他们的家。修饰名词time应该用形容词作定语，故填 appointed。
1-5 make individual appointments
1-6 appointed to guard her
知识点2
① about ④guilt
2-1 guilty考查形容词。句意：有些人认为，如果个人生活在非常贫穷的地区，而且快饿死了，那么他在偷吃一些食物的时候就不需要感到很内疚。系动词feel后应该接形容词作表语。
2-2 feel guilty about her misfortune
2-3 nor any sense of guilt
知识点3
①on ③to be
3-1 declared考查时态。句意：在领取她的“终身成就”奖时，自豪的艾琳宣布她没有从（经营了）36年的商店退休的打算。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语，同时结合后面的从句中的had可知，设空处使用一般过去时。故填 declared。
3-2 In texts, you don’t have to declare who you are or even say hello.
3-3“我无法想象住在除了洛克威以外的任何地方，”纳塔莉说。
3-4 announced句意：他说，这名幸运的女子将在网站上公布，并且这次旅行将在网上分享。
3-5 declare句意：肯定有人会说：“但我就是没有创造力。”
知识点4
①in ②of ④up
4-1 take in句意：下次你散步的时候，不管在哪里，都应该欣赏各种景色，倾听各种声音，体会各种感觉。
4-2 take over句意：政府将接管无人驾驶汽车并将其视为公共产品的想法在这里绝对行不通。
4-3 taken off句意：由于舒适的创业环境，许多大学生创办的企业已经迅速取得成功。
4-4 take up句意：彼得在下个月月底将就任旅行社负责人的职位。
4-5 take on句意：它们完全无所畏惧，愿意与比它们自己大得多的生物较量，成群结队地攻击并战胜目标。
4-6 take over句意：技术是来帮助我们的，但我们不。应该让它左右我们的生活。
知识点5
①to do ②to do ③虚拟语气；should；动词原形 ④ urgent
5-1 urgency考查名词。句意：因为所有这些额外的时间，我没有立即做学校功课的紧迫感。介词of后面接名词形式。a sense of urgency紧迫感。
5-2 to increase考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们督促国会去加强耕地保护时，我们在美国青年农会需要广泛的支持。urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事。
5-3 urgently考查副词。句意：这个盒子里是一些一个病人急需的干细胞。修饰谓语 are needed应该用副词形式。
5-4 urgent考查形容词。句意：Ashoka为世界上最有前途的试图解决紧迫问题的“变革者”提供资金设空处在句中作定语，修饰复数名词 problems，所以填形容词 urgent。
5-5 the urge would no doubt be greater
5-6 I never felt an urge to learn
知识点6
②勃然大怒 ③explosion
6-1 explosion考查名词。句意：爆炸留下了一个超过四十英里宽的洞——太大了，从地面上的任何地方都看不到。句中缺少主语，而且设空处前面有定冠词修饰，所以填名词形式。
6-2当狄更斯去世时，全世界都在哀悼这个世界上第一位专业的作家兼出版商，他使小说的出版量和读者数量激增。
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