人教版(2019)高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Science Fiction 语法-精讲破 (有答案)

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名称 人教版(2019)高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Science Fiction 语法-精讲破 (有答案)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2023-03-14 07:55:54

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Unit1 Science Fiction 语法-精讲破
1. 被动语态
【观察】
The results of the survey will be published on the spot.
调查结果将当场公布。
Large amounts of money were spent on the building which caused much debate.
大量的钱花在了这幢大楼上,这引起了很大的争论。
To her delight, her weight has been reduced by ten kilos.
她高兴的是,通过节食她的体重减少了10公斤。
The experts pointed out more must be done to bring COVID-19 under control.
专家们指出,必须做更多的工作来控制新型冠状病毒肺炎。
Wood of this kind is often used to make desks and chairs by the villagers.
这种木头经常被村民用来做成桌椅。
The workers told us that the bridge would be completed seven years.
工人们告诉我们这座桥将在七年后峻工。
I have to walk there because my bike is being repaired.
我得步行去那儿,因为我的自行车正在修理。
When we arrived, all the vegetables had been sold out.
当我们到的时候,所有的蔬菜都已经被卖光了。
Walking into the room, we noticed that the children were being taught how to draw a duck.
走进房间,我们注意到正在教孩子们如何画鸭子。
When you arrive at six tomorrow, the work will have been finished.
你明天六点钟到的时候,工作就已经做完了。
【归纳】
被动语态的构成
被动语态由"be+ ① (+ by sb.)”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变 ② 的形式,过去分词不变。
基本构成方式:
一般现在时的被动语态: ③
一般过去时的被动语态: ④
一般将来时的被动语态:shall/will be done
现在进行时的被动语态: ⑤
过去进行时的被动语态:was/were being done
现在完成时的被动语态: ⑥
过去完成时的被动语态: ⑦
过去将来时的被动语态:would be done
将来完成时的被动语态:will have been done
含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done
【观察】
People all agreed that the delivery guy deserved praising.
人们一致认为这名送货人值得表扬。
Lentils do not require soaking before cooking.
小扁豆在烹饪前不必浸泡。
These books which are intended for children sell well.
这些儿童用书卖得很好。
The door locks easily.
这门很好锁。
In my opinion, the salesgirl is to blame for the quarrel.
在我看来,这次争吵该怪那个女售货员。
【归纳】
主动形式表示被动含义
A. v有些动词可以用 ⑧ 表示被动意义,如sell、lock open、write,read、wash等。这些动词往往指事物的特征,且常与副词 well,easily,badly等连用。
B. be worth后以及want、need、require、deserve后可接 ⑨ 的主动形式,表示被动意义。
C. be to ⑩ 用主动形式表示被动意义。
【观察】
He was made to work with the man for a day.
他被迫与那个人一起工作了一天。
The patients were taken good care of in the hospital.
病人们在医院里都得到了很好的照料。
Three people got badly injured in the traffic accident.
在这场交通事故中三个人受了重伤。
It is said that the story happened in the 19th century.
据说这个故事发生在19世纪。
【归纳】
注意事项
A. 不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态,如 happen rise、break out、take place,belong to、consist of等。
B. 在使役动词make和感官动词 see hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to,但在 中要带
C. 动词短语变为被动语态时不可漏掉其附加的 或 。如 laugh at、send for、hand in,carry out、take care of、make use of、pay attention to等。
D. “get+ ”可以表示被动意义。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1. (2019课标全国I,语法填空改编,★★☆)
Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations ________ (employ) only since the mid-1980s.
2. (2019江苏,33,★★☆)
They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
3. (2019课标全国I,完形填空,★★★)
Hearing these stories, I’m sceptical about the place-other destinations ________ (describe) as “purer” natural experience.
4. (2019天津,8,★★★)
Amy, as well as her brothers ________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
5. (2019江苏,阅读理解A,★★☆)
And don’t forget: we ________ (surround) by natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.
6. (2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C改编,★★☆)
46 percent of meals ________ (eat) alone in America yearly.
7. (2019天津,阅读理解A,★★☆)
Please do not include covers. A list of references must ________ (include).
8. (2018天津,9,★★☆)
The gold medal ________ (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
9. (2018北京,9,★★☆)
A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
10. (2018天津,阅读理解A,★★★)
Use a fire extinguisher only if you ________ (train) to do so.
11. (2018天津,13,★★☆)
My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
12.、(2017北京,34,★★☆)
If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
13.(2017江苏,27,★★☆)
He hurried home never once looking back to see if he ________ (follow).
14.(2016江苏,22,★★★)
More efforts, as reported, ________ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
15.(2017课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空,★★☆)
当所有那些(工作)完成后,路面被更换了。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________, the road surface was replaced.
16.(2017北京,阅读理解C,★★☆)
今年美国已经报道了115例麻疹病例,相比去年全年的189例。
Already this year, 115 measles cases ________ ________ ________ in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
17.(2017课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解A,★★☆)
自1958年以来,它们被公认为以色列的国家剧院。
Since 1958, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the national theatre of Israel.
18.(2016浙江10月,阅读理解B,★★☆)
该酒店在一份声明中说,如果成功,电动自行车餐计划将被推广到英国所有
的皇冠假日酒店。
If successful, the electric bicycle meal programme ________ ________ ________ to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK, the hotel said in a statement.
19.(2016浙江10月,阅读理解B,★★☆)
住在皇冠假日酒店的客人一旦生产了10瓦时的电,就会得到价值36美元的饭票。
Guests staying at Plaza Hotel ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ worth $36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity.
参考答案:
①及物动词的过去分词 ②be ③am/is/are done ④was/were done ⑤am/is/are being done ⑥have/has been done ⑦ had been done ⑧主动形式 ⑨动词 ⑩blame 被动语态 介词 副词 过去分词
1. have been employed考查时态和语态。句意:追踪北数量的现代化方法在20世纪80年代中期才开始被采用。根据时间状语 since the mid-198k判断空处用现在完成时,而且 employ和主语 Modern methods of.之间是被动关系,故填 have been employed。
2. will have been installed考查时态和语态。句意:他们正在努力确保到2022年的时候为北京冬奥会安装好了5G终端。根据by2022可知空处用将来完成时, G terminals与 install之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。故填 will have been installed。
3. are described考查时态和语态。句意:听到这些故事,我对这个地方持怀疑态度——其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验。分析句子并根据句意判断
空处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 are described。
4. was given考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:埃米和她的兄弟们上个星期回到村子里的时候受到了热烈欢迎。根据 last week判断空处用一般过去时,当as well as、with、together with、along with、rather than等连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的数与前面的成分保持一致。且Amy与动词give之间是被动关系,故答案为 was given。
5. are surrounded考查时态和语态。句意:别忘了:我周围是一个天然的游乐场,非常适合步行、洞穴探索、攀岩和骑自行车。句子介绍一般的状况,且主语we和 surround之间是被动关系,故填一般现在时的被动语态 are surrounded。
6. are eaten考查时态和语态。句意:每年美国有46%的餐是单独食用的。根据时间状语 yearly以及句意断用一般现在时,46 percent of meals与eat之间是被动关系。故填 are eaten。
7. be included考查时态和语态。句意:请不要包括封面。必须含有参考书目的列表。根据句意可知,A list of references和 include之间是被动关系,结合设空处前的must可知填 be included。
8. will be awarded考查时态和语态。句意:这块金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。根据句意可以判断该句用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be awarded。
9. had been trapped考查时态和语态。句意:一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名已经在山中被困两天的游客。根据主句的谓语动词risked可知事情发生在过去,而“被困”发生在 risked之前,故用过去完成时。定语从句的先行词是two tourists,与动词trap之间是被动关系,因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
10. have been trained考查时态和语态。句意:你只有经过训练才能使用灭火器。分析句子并根据语境判断设空处应该用将来完成时的被动形式,但是在if引导的条件状语从句中,应该用现在完成时代替将来完成时。故填 have been trained。
11. is being repaired考查时态和语态。句意:我的洗衣机本周正在修理,因此我只好用手洗我的衣服My washing machine与repair之间是被动关系,需用被动语态;再根据后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知这周洗衣机正在修理,需用现在进行时的被动语态。
12. had been put考查时态和语态。句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就永远不会发生了。根据题干中的主句谓语部分 would never have happened可知是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,因此If引导的从句应用过去完成时,又因put和其主语之间是被动关系,故填 had been put。
13. was being followed考查时态和语态。句意:他匆匆回家,从来没有一次回头看他是否正被跟踪。根据句意以及句中的 hurried判断空处应该用过去进行时的被动语态。
14. will be made考查时态和语态。句意:正如报道的那样,为加快供应学派的结构改革,今后几年将会付出更多的努力。由 in the years ahead“今后几年”可知空处应用一般将来时;More efforts与make之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 will be made。
15.When all those had been done
16. have been reported
17.they have been recognised as
18. will be spread
19. will be given meal tickets
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