人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Science Fiction 知识-清单破 （有答案）
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Unit1 Science Fiction 知识-清单破
I. 核心单词
（A）写作词汇一写词形
1. ________ n.意外收获；奖金；红利
2. ________ adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
3. ________ n.庄重；庄严；尊产
4. ________ n.薪水；薪金
5. ________ adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
6. ________ n.指甲；趾甲：钉子M（用钉子）钉牢
7. ________ n.梯子；阶梯
8. ________ conj.然而；：但是；尽管
9. ________ n.车费；船费；飞机票价
10. ________ adj.每周的n，周刊
11. ________ n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长
12. ________ n.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉
13. ________ adj.更好的：占优势的：（在级别或重要性上）更高的
14. ________ n.无行动；不采取措施
15. ________ n.劳动（者）；体力劳动v奋斗；努力工作
16. ________ n.皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
17. ________ n.英寸（长度单位，等于2.54厘米）
18. ________ adv.向后；倒着；柱回
19. ________ vt.&vi.紧握；抓素
20. ________ n.侄女；外男女
21. ________ vt.（去）拿来；（去）请来
22. ________ n.手帕；纸巾
23. ________ n.灯；台灯
24. ________ n.速度；步伐；节奏vt.&ⅵ.确定速度；调整节奏
25. ________ adj.随机的；不可思议的
26. ________ n.泥；泥浆
（B）阅读词汇一明词义
1. fiction n. ________
2. integrity n. ________
3. suspend vt. ________
4. rumour n. ________
5. presume vt.&vi. ________
6. venue n. ________
7. alien n. ________ adj. ________
8. blurred adj. ________
9. lever n. ________
10. panel n. ________
11. hazy adj. ________
12. puff n. ________
13. maximum adj. ________
14. jolt n. ________ vt.& vi. ________
15. flip vt.&vi. ________
16. stun vt. ________
（C）拓展词汇—灵活用
1. ________ n.预约；约会；委任→ ________ adj.指定的→ ________ v.任命；委任；安排，确定（时间、地点）
2. ________ n.售货员；推销员→ ________ n.女售货员；女推销员
3. ________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→ ________ adv.内地；有罪地→ ________ n.犯罪；内疚
4. ________ vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除→ ________ n.解雇，开除
5. ________ vt.表明；宣称；公布→ ________ adj公开宣布（或声明、表态）的→ ________ n.申报（单）；宣布；公告；声明（书）
6. ________ vt.计算；核算；预测→ ________ adj.精心策划的；蓄意的→ ________ n.计算器
7. ________ n.克（重量单位）→ ________ n.千克（重量单位）
8. ________ n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）→分裂的；有分歧的→ ________ v.分割；使分离
9. ________ n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 ________ n.紧急；催促；紧急的事→ ________ adj.紧急的；催促的
10. ________ vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→ ________ adj.易爆炸的爆炸性的；易爆发的→ ________ n.爆炸；爆破；激增
11. ________ n.夸大；夸张→ ________ vt.夸张；夸大
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. science fiction（informal sci-fi） ________
2. ________ 检验；测试
3. more like ________
4. ________ 根据；以……的方式（基准）
5. ________ 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
6. superior to ________
7. ________ 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
8. ________ 与……冲突或抵触
9. ________ 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
10. fall away ________
11. have an urge to ________
Ⅲ. 经典结构
1. 当她转过身时，格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。
As she turned around, ________ ________ Gladys Claffern.
2. 它建议她邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来，时间就定在它离去和拉里回来之前的那个晚上。
He suggested that ________ ________ Gladys and her friends ________ the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
3. 她听见它宣称第二天它不想离开她，并且它不仅仅只是想让她高兴。
She heard him ________ ________ he did not want to leave her the next day, ________ ________ he felt more than just the desire to please her.
4. 无论谁被指控犯罪，在被证实有罪之前应被假定为无罪。
________ ________ ________ ________a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
5. 我很荣幸被邀请在这次国际人工智能大会上发言。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for me to be invited to address this international AI conference.
6. 是在今天的10点钟，所有时间机器中的第一台开始了它的职业生涯。
________ ________at ten o’clock today ________ the first of all Time Machines began its career.
7. 只要我以最快的速度行驶，就没有关系。
________ ________ ________ I travelled at maximum speed, it didn’t matter.
IV. 长难句分析
1. Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
分析：本句是一个but连接的________从句。在第一个分句中 especially后的as引导________从句；在第二个分句中that引导________从句，在该从句中or连接两个并列的________。
句意：克莱尔不想让机器人进她家，尤其是当她丈夫要出差三个星期的时候，但拉里劝她说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她受到伤害。
2. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
分析：本句是一个________连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中 it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot是省略了引导词________的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中it是________, that引导的从句是真正的________。在第二个分句中________和________是并列的谓语动词。
句意：克莱尔觉得她正被一个机器人同情很可笑但她渐渐佩服它的智慧和正直，并开始信任它。
3. When it comes to games, 2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything.
分析：在句中When引导________从句，in which是“介词+ which”引导________从句，在从句中包含so...that引导的________从句，而在该从句中又含有引导的 ________宾语从句，而该宾语从句又包含before引导的________从句。
句意：说到比赛，2017年是人工智能在如此多的比赛中击败人类的一年，以至于人工智能研究人员表示，用不了多久，人工智能就能在几乎所有的事情中获胜。
4. The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day.
分析：本句是一个but连接的________复合句，but前面的分句中as if引导________从句。
句意：太阳和月亮看起来就像被抛过天空，但很快就有了昼夜之分。
5. But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!
分析：本句是一个________复合句，其中 we would be forced together and explode like a bomb 是________；if引导________从句，而该从句又含有and连接的两个________。
句意：但是如果我停下来，同样的空间被其他东西占据了，我们就会被挤在一起，然后像炸弹样爆炸！
V. 必备语法
—被动语态的复习
1. Now she ________ (look) after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
2. Whoever is charged with a crime should ________ (presume) innocent until proven otherwise.
3. Working efficiency ________ (improve) since this new software was adopted.
4. As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I________ (leave) in the open air.
参考答案：
I. (A) 1. bonus 2. ridiculous 3. dignity 4. salary 5. absurd 6. nail 7. ladder 8. whereas 9. fare 10. weekly 11. chairwoman 12. flour 13. superior 14. inaction 15. labour 16. leather 17. inch 18. backwards/backward 19. grip 20. niece 21. fetch 22. handkerchief 23. lamp 24. pace 25. random 26. mud
（B） 1.小说；虚构的事2.诚实正直；完整；完好3. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓4.谣言；传闻5. 假设；假定6. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）7. 外星人（生物）；外国人陌生的；外星的；外国的8. 模糊不清的；难以区分的9. 操纵杆；杠杆10. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组11. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的12. （烟、气等的）一缕；少量；喘息13. 最大极限的最大量；最大限度14. 震动；摇晃；颠簸（使）震动；摇晃15. （使）快速翻转（用手指）轻抛16. 使震惊，使昏迷
(C) 1. appointment; appointed; appoint 2. salesman; saleswoman 3. guilty; guiltily; guilt 4. dismiss: dismissal 5. declare declared declaration 6. calculate: calculated: calculator 7. gramme/gram; kilogramme/kilogram 8. division; divided divide 9. urge; urgency; urgent 10. explode; explosive; explosion 11. overstatement: overstate
Ⅱ. 1. 科幻小说（或影片等）2. test out 3. 更像是；更接近4. on a...basis 5 .pros and cons 6. 比…更好；更胜一筹 7. take over 8. conflict with 9. turn out 10.（逐渐）减少；消失 11. 有强烈的欲望做某事
III. 1. there stood 2. she invite; to 3. declare that; and that 4. Whoever is charged with 5. It is a great honour 6. It was; that 7. So long as
Ⅳ. 1. 并列；时间状语；宾语；谓语动词2. but；that；形式主语；主语；admired；began 3. 时间状语；定语；结果状语；that；时间状语 4. 并列；表语 5. 主从；主句；条件状语；并列分句
V. 1. was being looked 2. be presumed 3. has been improved 4. was left
2 / 2
I. 核心单词
（A）写作词汇一写词形
1. ________ n.意外收获；奖金；红利
2. ________ adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
3. ________ n.庄重；庄严；尊产
4. ________ n.薪水；薪金
5. ________ adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
6. ________ n.指甲；趾甲：钉子M（用钉子）钉牢
7. ________ n.梯子；阶梯
8. ________ conj.然而；：但是；尽管
9. ________ n.车费；船费；飞机票价
10. ________ adj.每周的n，周刊
11. ________ n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长
12. ________ n.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉
13. ________ adj.更好的：占优势的：（在级别或重要性上）更高的
14. ________ n.无行动；不采取措施
15. ________ n.劳动（者）；体力劳动v奋斗；努力工作
16. ________ n.皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
17. ________ n.英寸（长度单位，等于2.54厘米）
18. ________ adv.向后；倒着；柱回
19. ________ vt.&vi.紧握；抓素
20. ________ n.侄女；外男女
21. ________ vt.（去）拿来；（去）请来
22. ________ n.手帕；纸巾
23. ________ n.灯；台灯
24. ________ n.速度；步伐；节奏vt.&ⅵ.确定速度；调整节奏
25. ________ adj.随机的；不可思议的
26. ________ n.泥；泥浆
（B）阅读词汇一明词义
1. fiction n. ________
2. integrity n. ________
3. suspend vt. ________
4. rumour n. ________
5. presume vt.&vi. ________
6. venue n. ________
7. alien n. ________ adj. ________
8. blurred adj. ________
9. lever n. ________
10. panel n. ________
11. hazy adj. ________
12. puff n. ________
13. maximum adj. ________
14. jolt n. ________ vt.& vi. ________
15. flip vt.&vi. ________
16. stun vt. ________
（C）拓展词汇—灵活用
1. ________ n.预约；约会；委任→ ________ adj.指定的→ ________ v.任命；委任；安排，确定（时间、地点）
2. ________ n.售货员；推销员→ ________ n.女售货员；女推销员
3. ________ adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→ ________ adv.内地；有罪地→ ________ n.犯罪；内疚
4. ________ vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除→ ________ n.解雇，开除
5. ________ vt.表明；宣称；公布→ ________ adj公开宣布（或声明、表态）的→ ________ n.申报（单）；宣布；公告；声明（书）
6. ________ vt.计算；核算；预测→ ________ adj.精心策划的；蓄意的→ ________ n.计算器
7. ________ n.克（重量单位）→ ________ n.千克（重量单位）
8. ________ n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）→分裂的；有分歧的→ ________ v.分割；使分离
9. ________ n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 ________ n.紧急；催促；紧急的事→ ________ adj.紧急的；催促的
10. ________ vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→ ________ adj.易爆炸的爆炸性的；易爆发的→ ________ n.爆炸；爆破；激增
11. ________ n.夸大；夸张→ ________ vt.夸张；夸大
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. science fiction（informal sci-fi） ________
2. ________ 检验；测试
3. more like ________
4. ________ 根据；以……的方式（基准）
5. ________ 事物的利与弊；支持与反对
6. superior to ________
7. ________ 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
8. ________ 与……冲突或抵触
9. ________ 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
10. fall away ________
11. have an urge to ________
Ⅲ. 经典结构
1. 当她转过身时，格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那里。
As she turned around, ________ ________ Gladys Claffern.
2. 它建议她邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来，时间就定在它离去和拉里回来之前的那个晚上。
He suggested that ________ ________ Gladys and her friends ________ the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
3. 她听见它宣称第二天它不想离开她，并且它不仅仅只是想让她高兴。
She heard him ________ ________ he did not want to leave her the next day, ________ ________ he felt more than just the desire to please her.
4. 无论谁被指控犯罪，在被证实有罪之前应被假定为无罪。
________ ________ ________ ________a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
5. 我很荣幸被邀请在这次国际人工智能大会上发言。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ for me to be invited to address this international AI conference.
6. 是在今天的10点钟，所有时间机器中的第一台开始了它的职业生涯。
________ ________at ten o’clock today ________ the first of all Time Machines began its career.
7. 只要我以最快的速度行驶，就没有关系。
________ ________ ________ I travelled at maximum speed, it didn’t matter.
IV. 长难句分析
1. Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
分析：本句是一个but连接的________从句。在第一个分句中 especially后的as引导________从句；在第二个分句中that引导________从句，在该从句中or连接两个并列的________。
句意：克莱尔不想让机器人进她家，尤其是当她丈夫要出差三个星期的时候，但拉里劝她说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她受到伤害。
2. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
分析：本句是一个________连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中 it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot是省略了引导词________的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中it是________, that引导的从句是真正的________。在第二个分句中________和________是并列的谓语动词。
句意：克莱尔觉得她正被一个机器人同情很可笑但她渐渐佩服它的智慧和正直，并开始信任它。
3. When it comes to games, 2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything.
分析：在句中When引导________从句，in which是“介词+ which”引导________从句，在从句中包含so...that引导的________从句，而在该从句中又含有引导的 ________宾语从句，而该宾语从句又包含before引导的________从句。
句意：说到比赛，2017年是人工智能在如此多的比赛中击败人类的一年，以至于人工智能研究人员表示，用不了多久，人工智能就能在几乎所有的事情中获胜。
4. The sun and moon looked as if they were being thrown across the sky, but soon there was division between night and day.
分析：本句是一个but连接的________复合句，but前面的分句中as if引导________从句。
句意：太阳和月亮看起来就像被抛过天空，但很快就有了昼夜之分。
5. But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!
分析：本句是一个________复合句，其中 we would be forced together and explode like a bomb 是________；if引导________从句，而该从句又含有and连接的两个________。
句意：但是如果我停下来，同样的空间被其他东西占据了，我们就会被挤在一起，然后像炸弹样爆炸！
V. 必备语法
—被动语态的复习
1. Now she ________ (look) after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.
2. Whoever is charged with a crime should ________ (presume) innocent until proven otherwise.
3. Working efficiency ________ (improve) since this new software was adopted.
4. As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I________ (leave) in the open air.
参考答案：
I. (A) 1. bonus 2. ridiculous 3. dignity 4. salary 5. absurd 6. nail 7. ladder 8. whereas 9. fare 10. weekly 11. chairwoman 12. flour 13. superior 14. inaction 15. labour 16. leather 17. inch 18. backwards/backward 19. grip 20. niece 21. fetch 22. handkerchief 23. lamp 24. pace 25. random 26. mud
（B） 1.小说；虚构的事2.诚实正直；完整；完好3. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓4.谣言；传闻5. 假设；假定6. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）7. 外星人（生物）；外国人陌生的；外星的；外国的8. 模糊不清的；难以区分的9. 操纵杆；杠杆10. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组11. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的12. （烟、气等的）一缕；少量；喘息13. 最大极限的最大量；最大限度14. 震动；摇晃；颠簸（使）震动；摇晃15. （使）快速翻转（用手指）轻抛16. 使震惊，使昏迷
(C) 1. appointment; appointed; appoint 2. salesman; saleswoman 3. guilty; guiltily; guilt 4. dismiss: dismissal 5. declare declared declaration 6. calculate: calculated: calculator 7. gramme/gram; kilogramme/kilogram 8. division; divided divide 9. urge; urgency; urgent 10. explode; explosive; explosion 11. overstatement: overstate
Ⅱ. 1. 科幻小说（或影片等）2. test out 3. 更像是；更接近4. on a...basis 5 .pros and cons 6. 比…更好；更胜一筹 7. take over 8. conflict with 9. turn out 10.（逐渐）减少；消失 11. 有强烈的欲望做某事
III. 1. there stood 2. she invite; to 3. declare that; and that 4. Whoever is charged with 5. It is a great honour 6. It was; that 7. So long as
Ⅳ. 1. 并列；时间状语；宾语；谓语动词2. but；that；形式主语；主语；admired；began 3. 时间状语；定语；结果状语；that；时间状语 4. 并列；表语 5. 主从；主句；条件状语；并列分句
V. 1. was being looked 2. be presumed 3. has been improved 4. was left
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