人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Science Fiction 单元过关检测（有解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit1 Science Fiction 单元过关检测（有解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 40.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-14 07:58:06 | ||
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Unit1单元过关检测
第一部分阅读
[共两节, 满分50分]
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项
A
(2017·全国I卷)
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆ Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆ Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body Our cafe offers a complete menu of lunch and options, in addition to seasonal specials. The cafe is located upstairs in Building I and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆ Rental information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building I near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1. 3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacific science center. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
( )1. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center
A. In Building 1
B. In building 3
C. At the laser dome
D. At the Denny way entrance
( )2. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools
A. Train science teachers.
B. Distribute science books.
C. Inspire scientific research.
D. Take science to the classroom.
( )3. What is the purpose of the last part of the text
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Centers history.
B
(2017·北京卷) Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just illy. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论) , put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预) , we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality one that we usually associate with living things a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just switch them off as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine. However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced (中子诱导) nuclear hain reaction.
( )4. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy humans real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
( )5. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ________.
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed.
B. achieve their original goals independently.
C. do anything successfully with given orders.
D. beat humans in international chess matches.
( )6. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________.
A help super intelligent machines work better.
B be secure against evil human beings.
C keep machines from being harmed.
D avoid robots affecting the world.
( )7. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines
A. It will disappear with the development of AI
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
C
(2020·河北石家庄高三二模) Macinley buts on was just 16 years old when she first had the idea to try and protect women from more-than---necessary radiation during breast cancer treatment sand now, her invention could be a game changer in the medical field.
Butson, whose father works in medical physics has always been interested in science. but she only began researching the harmful side effects of radiation treatment after her father discussed his experience with ineffective cancer treatments in his work. Since Butson had also recently lost a relative to breast cancer, she felt inspired to conduct her own research on the subject. She tried to begin her medical research by consulting scientific journals, but she found their academic terms almost impossible to understand.
She then turned to the Internet to find videos that taught how to read scientific journals. As she went deeper in her research, she stumbled upon a key bit of information：copper (铜) has been shown to be effective at protecting skin from radiation. An idea hit this Australian teen as she was viewing a film on medieval wars in her 10th grade history class. When she saw the scaled (鳞片) patterns of the mail (盔甲), she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper She then headed back online and watched videos on how to put together tiny scales. She made her own flexible scale mail which she now calls Smart：Scale Mail for Radiation Therapy.
When her invention was tested in a laboratory setting it reduced surface exposure to unnecessary radiation by 75%. And now Butson is working on getting her SMART into clinical settings for use.
( )8. Why did Macinley Butson start her research
A. To assist her father with his work.
B. To save her relative from cancer.
C. To publish some articles in journals.
D. To find effective ways to treat cancer.
( )9. What does the underlined phrase “stumbled upon” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Came across
B. Missed
C. Passed on
D. Required
( )10. Where did Macinley Butson get inspiration for her invention
A. Videos online
B. Scientific journals
C. History textbooks
D. Soldiers defensive clothes
( )11. Which of the following best describes Macinley Butson
A. Stubborn
B. Creative
C. Selfless
D. Considerate
D
(2020·河北衡水中学高三一模) Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (Ds) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time
feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDt.
We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science--like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.
( )12. What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do
A. Avoid the use of antibiotics.
B. Clear out harmful bacteria.
C. Detect bacterial infections.
D. Increase treatment options.
( )13. What is the advantage of the smart bandage
A. It saves much time and cost.
B. It removes the risk of infection.
C. It prevents the bacterial resistance.
D. It improves doctor-patient relationship.
( )14. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A. Traditional bandages are out of use now.
B More smart bandages will be developed.
C. Progress in science calls for more research.
D. People are urged to study medical science.
( )15. what does the text focus on
A. A successful test on mice.
B A colour-changing bandage.
C. Sensing drug-resistant bacteria.
D. Preventing abuse of antibiotics.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·全国Ⅲ卷) In an online class, developing health patterns of communication with professors is very important 16 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.
Do’s
17 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.
Participate in discussion forums (论坛) , blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 18 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don’ ts
Don’ t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 19
Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class 20 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That’s what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common dos and don’ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
第二部分语言运用
[共两节, 满分30分]
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2020·山东高考模拟) Have you ever noticed how the way you feel about yourself sometimes depends on whether or not you get confirmation of your value from others
I have 21 a lot about nurturing a positive identity of love and appreciation from the man who taught me to train ogs First, he started out by 22 his dogs with love and respect, and by showing them an infinite amount of 23 as they were learning.
Then, the 24 thing he did was a true stroke of genius He would cut a small piece of 25 for each dog. He would place it in the dogs sleeping area, for him to 26 each night. He would also take this carpet during the 27 and set it down in various locations, and sit the dog on the carpet, as he 28 the dog for being good.
Next, Frank would teach the dog to 29 the carpet himself, and carry it to 30 they were going. The dog would then set the carpet down when they 31 with Frank all of the time praising him. Now Frank said, The dog begins to feel that he truly 32 in every place he travels to, and no matter where he goes, he 33 my love and appreciation.
If this strategy 34 so brilliantly with dogs, would it not work just 35 with human beings
( )21. A. learned B. accumulated C. Improve D. distinguished
( )22. A. pleasing B. treating C. surrounding D. chasing
( )23. A. sympathy B. comfort C. patience D. honor
( )24. A. first B. last C. next D. least
( )25. A. cloth B. meat C. area D. carpet
( )26. A. lie on B. hide in C. stand beside D. play with
( )27. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. day
( )28. A. blamed B. encouraged C. praised D. accompanied
( )29. A. carry with B. care for C. cut up D. pick
( )30. A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
( )31. A. ran B. stop C. stood D. turned
( )32. A. participates B. breaks
C. belongs D. corresponds
( )33. A. receives B. expects C. ignores D. takes
( )34. A. works B. goes C. agrees D. applies
( )35. A. as possible B. as well
C. better than D. still less
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·山东青岛重点高中高三期末) As is known to all, a positive parent-child relationship is 36 (benefit) to the physical and mental 37 (grow) of children but keeping a healthy parent-child bond 38 (need) the efforts of both parties.
Parents should take the responsibility 39 improve their relationship with the children. What matters is spending quality time with their children, 40 tight their schedule is. For instance, they can eat 41 (meal) together, go to sporting events together or watch their children’s favorite TV shows together, 42 can contribute greatly to making their children feel safe and 43 (love) . Children. on the other hand, should let their parents know they appreciate what their parents 44 (do) for them. If possible, they can give their parents a gift on a special day or help with housework 45 a regular basis.
No healthy parent-child relationship is without conflict But as long as parents and children make a joint effort, they can settle the conflict and enjoy their time together.
第三部分写作
[共两节, 满分40分]
第一节 (满分15分)
(2020·浙江绍兴高三一模) 假定你是李华, 将在校报上推荐一部经典原版英语文学作品。请你给美国朋友Tom写一封电子邮件, 征求其意见, 内容包括：
1. 询问近况；2. 求助意图；3. 表示感谢。
注意：1. 词数80左右
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2020·浙江绍兴高三一模) When she looked around her house, Betty Margaret saw lots of electronics. Along with the usual things like her laptop and smart phone, there were all of her kids’ electronic devices：cell phones, video game devices and more! There seemed to be more than enough ways for her and her three children to be online all day, every day.
Ms. Margaret worried that her kids were becoming too dependent on the Internet and electronics. Then she began to reread one of her favorite books, Henry Thoreau’s Walden which gave Ms. Margaret an idea. Thoreau spent 2 years in a simple cabin without running water, and having to grow his own food. Maybe she and her family could live without such luxuries as computers and electronic devices for a while.
Ms. Margaret talked with her kids and explained that she wanted the family to try living for 6 months without the Internet, cell phones, TV, and video games. Ms. Margaret writes articles for a newspaper in Australia, and had written several books as well. She told her children that if they agreed, she would write a book about their experience and they could go on a trip abroad with the money from sales of the book. Her three children agreed, and the experiment Ms. Margaret called, began.
Over the course of the experiment, the Margaret children had different reactions to life without electronics. Before the experiment began, Anni, the eldest of the children read books more than her younger brother and sister. She therefore had a relatively easy adjustment to the family’s new lifestyle. Anni could also use the library’s computer for her homework. Bill who loved to play video games before the experiment began had to find a way to spend all of his new free time. He started to spend more time practicing his saxophone (萨克斯管) Susan, the youngest child in the family, had the hardest time adjusting to life without electronics. She felt restless for the first weeks and later, influenced by her elder sister, gradually began to find interest in the novel experiences brought b various books.
注意：续写的词数应为150左右。
The family carried on with the experiment for the 6 months without technology controlling their lives.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ms. Margaret wrote the book she had planned.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
1. B细节理解题。根据题干中的 buy a souvenir可定位到文章第部分。在太平洋科学中心商店 (Pacific Science centers store) 可以买纪念品, 再根据该部分最后一句“The store is located upstairs in Building3. ”可知, 该商店在三号楼, 故选B项。
A、C、D三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品, 排除A项；文章第一部分提到商店紧挨着 Laser Dome, 而不是说在 Laser dome可以买纪念品, 排除C项；根据文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ”可知, 在 Denny Way的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮椅, 而不能买纪念品, 排除D项。
2. D细节理解题。根据文章第四部分中的“Today, Pacific Science Center. brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms. "H知, 太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂, 故选D项。A、B两项无中生有, 文章没有提到“培训科学教师”和“分发科学书籍”。C项曲解文意, 根据文章第四部分中的“…Inspiring a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. ”可知, 太平洋科学中心激励着人们在科学、数学和技术方面有所发现以及终身学习, 而不是激励着人们进行科学研究。
3. A推理判断题。根据文章第四部分中的¨Ⅴisit pacific science center. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center可知, 该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心, 也就是鼓励人们捐款, 故选A项。B、C两项无中生有该部分没有提到“宣传即将举行的活动”和“介绍特殊的展览”。D项曲解文意, 该部分提到了自1962年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情, 但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史, 而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人工智能随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制以及人类应如何应对此类安全问题。
4. A细节理解题。由第一段中的 artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want“人工智能可能会变得极度善于达成某事而不是我们真正想要的那样”可知, 人工智能可能会超出人类控制，故选A项。B项“满足人类的真正渴望”, C项“指挥机器人杀手军队”, D项“比数学家工作更快”, 均与第一段所提到的人工智能无关。
5. A细节理解题。由题干中的 machines with specific purposes可定位到第二段第一句“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things a wish to preserve its own existence. ”, 由此可知, 机器人要保证自己的存在, 即A项“避免它们自己被消灭掉”。B项“独立到它们的初始目标”, C项“按照既有指令成功地完成任何事，D项“在国际象棋比赛中击败人类”, 均答非所问
6. D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. 可知, 一些研究者认为, 我们可以用防火墙让机器人回答难题, 但从不允许它们影响真实世界, 故选D项“避免机器人影
响世界”。A项“帮助超级智能机器更好地工作”, B项“反抗邪恶人类, 保证安全”, C项“保护机器不受损害”, 都不是防火墙的用途, 均可排除。
7. C作者观点题。由最后一段首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy可知, 作者认为, 解决超级智能机器的安全问题是可能的, 但并非易事, 故选C项。A项“随着人工智能的发展, 超级智能机器的安全问题会消失”；B项“随着人类干预, 超级智能机器的安全问题会更严重”；D项“超级智能机器的安全问题会存在十年之久”, 均在文中找不到依据
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了当时只有16岁的Macinley Butson用铜制成了一种可穿戴的防护工具, 使乳腺癌症患者在接受检查时能够减少受到不必要的辐射。现在 Butson正在努力将她的发明投入到临床使用中。
8. D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But she only began researching the harmful side effects of radiation treatment after her father discussed his experience with ineffective cancer treatments in his work. ”可知, 但在她的父亲讲述了自己在工作中治疗癌症无效的经历后, 她开始研究放射治疗的有害副作用。由此判断出Macinley Butson开始她的研究的原因是寻找治疗癌症的有效方法。故选D。
9. A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“She then turned to the Internet find videos that taught how to read scientific journals. An idea hit this Australian teen as she was viewing a film on medieval wars in her 10th grade history class. When she saw the scaled patterns of the mail, she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper:”可知, 她到网上找到可以教如何阅读科学期刊的视频。这位澳大利亚青少年在10年级历史课上观看一部有关中世纪战争的电影时, 心中产生了一个念头。当她看到盔甲的鳞片图案时, 她受到启发, 用铜制成了一种可穿戴的防护工具。因此画线短语所在句子的意思是“随着她的研究的深人, 她偶然发现了一些关键信息：铜被证明可以有效保护皮肤免受辐射”。由此可知, 画线短语的意思是“偶然发现”。故选A。
10. D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“An idea hit this Australian teen as she was viewing a film on medieval wars in her 10th grade history class. When she saw the scaled patterns of the mail, she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper可知, 这位澳大利亚青少年在10年级历史课上观看一部有关中世纪战争的电影时, 心中产生了一个念头。当她看到盔甲的鳞片图案时, 她受到启发, 用铜制成了一种可穿戴的防护工具。因此 Macinley Butson的发明灵感来自士兵的防护盔甲。故选D
11. B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When she saw the scaled patterns of the mail, she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper. ”可知, 文章讲述了当时只有16岁的Macinley Butson用铜制成了一种可穿戴的防护工具, 使癌症
患者在接受检査时能够减少受到不必要的辐射。现在 Butson正在努力将她的发明投入到临床使用中。因此B项 (有创造力的) 最能描述 Macinley Butson。故选B。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带, 它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型, 并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。
12. C细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage that can signal the type of bacterial infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. ”可知, 科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带, 它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型, 并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知, 智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C
13. A细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. "可知, 常用的电阻检测方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。根据第三段第一句“It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. "可知, 很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光可以克服这些限制。由此可知智能绷带的优点是节省很多时间和成本。故选A
14. B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too. 可知, 改进绷带的努力仍在继续, 现在我们有了一种绷带, 不仅能释放抗生素, 还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知, 更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。
15. B推理判断题。根据第一段中¨ Scientists have developed new type of smart bandage that can signal the type of bacterial infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. "可知, 科学家们已经开发出种新型的智能绷带, 它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型, 并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知, 文章的重点是变色绷带。故选B。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了在选修网络课程时如何与授课老师建立健康有益的互动交流。这篇文章视角独特, 倡导积极和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。
16. E关联逻辑法解题。空格前说, 在网络课堂上, 与授课老师建立健康的沟通模式是非常重要的, 空格后说, 虽然“我”每个只列出了两条, 但显然还有许多其他情况可能发生。下面的段落紧接着介绍了沟通的注意事项——两“做”和两“不做”, 因此E项“下面是在线学习者应该做和不应该做的一些常见事情”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
17. G设题位置法解题。空格后说, 与主题内容相关的问题通常会受欢迎。在询问有关课程设计的问题之前, 阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息, 以确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底下。由此可推知, 此段表达要提出好的有水平的问题, 故选G项“问问题, 但要确保这些问题是好的、深思熟虑的问题”。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。
18. A关联逻辑法解题。空格前说, 参加论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛来进行对话, 空格后为参加论坛等的一些注意事项, A项“那就是它们的作用”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
19. C关联逻辑法解题。空格前交代, 如果你需要延长最后期限, 只需向授课老师解释一下情况, 故选C项“如果需要更多的信息, 他们会询问”。本设空类型属于细节理解类
20. F关联逻辑法解题。空格前说, 不要公开表达对授课老师或课程的不满, 空格后提及, 如果授课老师的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧, 一定要使用在线课程评价来冷静地发表你的意见, 因此F项“每个人都曾经有过不太好的上课经历”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍弗兰克对狗的训练策略, 他将这些策略运用到生活中, 对生活有很多的帮助。首先, 弗兰克以爱和尊重对待他的狗；其次, 弗兰克将教狗自己捡起毯子, 并把它带到它们想去的任何地方。如果这一策略在狗身上如此奏效, 那对人类也同样起作用。
21. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那个教我训练狗的人那里, 我“学到了” (learn) 很多关于培养爱和欣赏的积极认同感的知识。accumulate积累；Improve改善；distinguish区别。
22. B结合语境可知, 此处表示“以爱和尊重对待狗”, 故选B项treat“对待”。please使高兴；surround包围；chase追。
23. C结合常识可知, 训练狗需要耐心 (patience) , 故选C项。sympathy同情；comfort安慰；honor尊重。
24. C根据上文的 First可知此处用“接下来” (next) 符合语境。first首先的；last最后的；least最少的。故选C项
25. D根据下文的 sit the dog on the carpet可知此处用“毯子” (carpet) 符合文意。cloth布料；meat肉；area区域。
26. A结合上下文可知, 此处是指让狗躺在毯子上睡觉, 故选lie on“躺在……上"hide in隐藏在……里；stand beside站在…旁；play with和起玩。
27. D根据上文的 for him to each night可知狗晚上睡在毯子上, 故推测白天 (day) 他会把毯子放在不同的地方, 故选D项。morning早上；afternoon下午；evening傍晚。
28. C根据下文的 for being good可知此处用“表扬” (praise) 符合语境, 故选C项。blame责备；encourage鼓励；accompany陪伴。
29. D根据下文的 and carry it to they were going可知, 要先捡起 (pick up) 毯子才能把它带到其他地方去, 故选D项。carry with带着；care for关心；cut up切碎。
30. A根据下文的 and no matter where he goes可知此处用“任何地方” (wherever) 符合语境, 故选A项。whenever任何时间；however无论如何；whatever任何东西。
31. B根据上文 set the carpet down可推测这是在狗停下 (stop) 时发生的动作, 故选B项。run跑；stand站；turn转身。
32. C结合句意可知, 此处是指在弗兰克的表扬下狗有了归属感, belong属于, 符合此处的语境。participate参与；break打破；correspond符合, 一致。
33. A结合句意可知, 此处是指狗在任何地方都可以被弗兰克表扬收到 (receive) 他的爱和欣赏, 故选A项。expect期待；ignore忽略；take拿走
34. A根据下文的 would it not work just with human beings可知此处用“奏效”符合语境, work是原词复现, 故选A项。句意：如果这一策略在狗身上如此奏效, 那难道不会对人类也同样起作用吗 go去；agree同意；apply申请。
35. B此处是指狗通过主人对它的表扬可以找到归属感, 那么人可能也会如此, 用“也” (as well) 符合语境, 故选B项。as possible尽可能；better than比……更好；still less更不用说。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了如何维持健康的亲子关系36. beneficial be beneficial to是固定短语, 意为“对……有益”, 故填37. growth形容词修饰名词, 故填 growth
38. neds考查主谓一致。keeping a healthy parent-child bond是动名词短语作主语, 谓语动词用单数, 故填neds。
39. to improve此处不定式作定语, 故填 to improve。
40. however此处是 however引导的让步状语从句, 故填 however。
41. meals meal是可数名词, 故填 meals。
42. which此处是一个非限制性定语从句, 从句缺少主语, 因此用关系代词 which, 故填 which。
43. loved此处过去分词作表语, 故填 loved。
44. have done根据句意可知, 谓语动词用现在完成时, 故填have
45. on a regular basis是固定短语, 意为“经常, 例行的, 有规律的”, 故填on。
第一节 One possible version
Dear Tom,
Time flies! It’s been half a year since you returned to America. How is everything going on with your life and study now
I intend to recommend an original English classic to help students in our school broaden their vision and enrich their minds. Classic books provide profound ideas, showing us the right attitude toward life. To be frank, I find it challenging to select a suitable one. Would you please give me your advice Hopefully, you will list some works with respective features.
I am grateful and looking forward to your early reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 One possible version:
The family carried on with the experiment for the 6 months wither technology controlling their lives. Ms. Margaret believes they all came out better for the experience. The children had a lot more interaction with each other and with their mother. Now that they could not text others, they had to actually see each other and talk. Meanwhile, the family played board games together, cooked meals together and read newspapers together. Bill ended up developing a serious interest music, and in Susan’s case, she improved her grades in school.
Ms Margaret wrote the book she had planned. The book became an immediate hit and aroused great interest among many parents. In her book and in interviews about the book, Ms. Margaret describes the pleasant changes that happened in her family and the progress her children have made. She encourages families to set aside special “screen-free days” where families unplug themselves and spend time together, which is exactly what her family have agreed to do after returning from an enjoyable family trip abroad.
20 / 20
第一部分阅读
[共两节, 满分50分]
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项
A
(2017·全国I卷)
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆ Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆ Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body Our cafe offers a complete menu of lunch and options, in addition to seasonal specials. The cafe is located upstairs in Building I and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆ Rental information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building I near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1. 3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacific science center. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
( )1. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center
A. In Building 1
B. In building 3
C. At the laser dome
D. At the Denny way entrance
( )2. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools
A. Train science teachers.
B. Distribute science books.
C. Inspire scientific research.
D. Take science to the classroom.
( )3. What is the purpose of the last part of the text
A. To encourage donations.
B. To advertise coming events.
C. To introduce special exhibits.
D. To tell about the Centers history.
B
(2017·北京卷) Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just illy. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论) , put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预) , we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality one that we usually associate with living things a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just switch them off as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine. However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced (中子诱导) nuclear hain reaction.
( )4. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may ________.
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy humans real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
( )5. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ________.
A. prevent themselves from being destroyed.
B. achieve their original goals independently.
C. do anything successfully with given orders.
D. beat humans in international chess matches.
( )6. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ________.
A help super intelligent machines work better.
B be secure against evil human beings.
C keep machines from being harmed.
D avoid robots affecting the world.
( )7. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines
A. It will disappear with the development of AI
B. It will get worse with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay for a decade.
C
(2020·河北石家庄高三二模) Macinley buts on was just 16 years old when she first had the idea to try and protect women from more-than---necessary radiation during breast cancer treatment sand now, her invention could be a game changer in the medical field.
Butson, whose father works in medical physics has always been interested in science. but she only began researching the harmful side effects of radiation treatment after her father discussed his experience with ineffective cancer treatments in his work. Since Butson had also recently lost a relative to breast cancer, she felt inspired to conduct her own research on the subject. She tried to begin her medical research by consulting scientific journals, but she found their academic terms almost impossible to understand.
She then turned to the Internet to find videos that taught how to read scientific journals. As she went deeper in her research, she stumbled upon a key bit of information：copper (铜) has been shown to be effective at protecting skin from radiation. An idea hit this Australian teen as she was viewing a film on medieval wars in her 10th grade history class. When she saw the scaled (鳞片) patterns of the mail (盔甲), she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper She then headed back online and watched videos on how to put together tiny scales. She made her own flexible scale mail which she now calls Smart：Scale Mail for Radiation Therapy.
When her invention was tested in a laboratory setting it reduced surface exposure to unnecessary radiation by 75%. And now Butson is working on getting her SMART into clinical settings for use.
( )8. Why did Macinley Butson start her research
A. To assist her father with his work.
B. To save her relative from cancer.
C. To publish some articles in journals.
D. To find effective ways to treat cancer.
( )9. What does the underlined phrase “stumbled upon” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Came across
B. Missed
C. Passed on
D. Required
( )10. Where did Macinley Butson get inspiration for her invention
A. Videos online
B. Scientific journals
C. History textbooks
D. Soldiers defensive clothes
( )11. Which of the following best describes Macinley Butson
A. Stubborn
B. Creative
C. Selfless
D. Considerate
D
(2020·河北衡水中学高三一模) Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (Ds) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time
feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDt.
We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science--like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.
( )12. What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do
A. Avoid the use of antibiotics.
B. Clear out harmful bacteria.
C. Detect bacterial infections.
D. Increase treatment options.
( )13. What is the advantage of the smart bandage
A. It saves much time and cost.
B. It removes the risk of infection.
C. It prevents the bacterial resistance.
D. It improves doctor-patient relationship.
( )14. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A. Traditional bandages are out of use now.
B More smart bandages will be developed.
C. Progress in science calls for more research.
D. People are urged to study medical science.
( )15. what does the text focus on
A. A successful test on mice.
B A colour-changing bandage.
C. Sensing drug-resistant bacteria.
D. Preventing abuse of antibiotics.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·全国Ⅲ卷) In an online class, developing health patterns of communication with professors is very important 16 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.
Do’s
17 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.
Participate in discussion forums (论坛) , blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 18 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don’ ts
Don’ t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 19
Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class 20 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That’s what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common dos and don’ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
第二部分语言运用
[共两节, 满分30分]
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2020·山东高考模拟) Have you ever noticed how the way you feel about yourself sometimes depends on whether or not you get confirmation of your value from others
I have 21 a lot about nurturing a positive identity of love and appreciation from the man who taught me to train ogs First, he started out by 22 his dogs with love and respect, and by showing them an infinite amount of 23 as they were learning.
Then, the 24 thing he did was a true stroke of genius He would cut a small piece of 25 for each dog. He would place it in the dogs sleeping area, for him to 26 each night. He would also take this carpet during the 27 and set it down in various locations, and sit the dog on the carpet, as he 28 the dog for being good.
Next, Frank would teach the dog to 29 the carpet himself, and carry it to 30 they were going. The dog would then set the carpet down when they 31 with Frank all of the time praising him. Now Frank said, The dog begins to feel that he truly 32 in every place he travels to, and no matter where he goes, he 33 my love and appreciation.
If this strategy 34 so brilliantly with dogs, would it not work just 35 with human beings
( )21. A. learned B. accumulated C. Improve D. distinguished
( )22. A. pleasing B. treating C. surrounding D. chasing
( )23. A. sympathy B. comfort C. patience D. honor
( )24. A. first B. last C. next D. least
( )25. A. cloth B. meat C. area D. carpet
( )26. A. lie on B. hide in C. stand beside D. play with
( )27. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. day
( )28. A. blamed B. encouraged C. praised D. accompanied
( )29. A. carry with B. care for C. cut up D. pick
( )30. A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
( )31. A. ran B. stop C. stood D. turned
( )32. A. participates B. breaks
C. belongs D. corresponds
( )33. A. receives B. expects C. ignores D. takes
( )34. A. works B. goes C. agrees D. applies
( )35. A. as possible B. as well
C. better than D. still less
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020·山东青岛重点高中高三期末) As is known to all, a positive parent-child relationship is 36 (benefit) to the physical and mental 37 (grow) of children but keeping a healthy parent-child bond 38 (need) the efforts of both parties.
Parents should take the responsibility 39 improve their relationship with the children. What matters is spending quality time with their children, 40 tight their schedule is. For instance, they can eat 41 (meal) together, go to sporting events together or watch their children’s favorite TV shows together, 42 can contribute greatly to making their children feel safe and 43 (love) . Children. on the other hand, should let their parents know they appreciate what their parents 44 (do) for them. If possible, they can give their parents a gift on a special day or help with housework 45 a regular basis.
No healthy parent-child relationship is without conflict But as long as parents and children make a joint effort, they can settle the conflict and enjoy their time together.
第三部分写作
[共两节, 满分40分]
第一节 (满分15分)
(2020·浙江绍兴高三一模) 假定你是李华, 将在校报上推荐一部经典原版英语文学作品。请你给美国朋友Tom写一封电子邮件, 征求其意见, 内容包括：
1. 询问近况；2. 求助意图；3. 表示感谢。
注意：1. 词数80左右
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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第二节 (满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2020·浙江绍兴高三一模) When she looked around her house, Betty Margaret saw lots of electronics. Along with the usual things like her laptop and smart phone, there were all of her kids’ electronic devices：cell phones, video game devices and more! There seemed to be more than enough ways for her and her three children to be online all day, every day.
Ms. Margaret worried that her kids were becoming too dependent on the Internet and electronics. Then she began to reread one of her favorite books, Henry Thoreau’s Walden which gave Ms. Margaret an idea. Thoreau spent 2 years in a simple cabin without running water, and having to grow his own food. Maybe she and her family could live without such luxuries as computers and electronic devices for a while.
Ms. Margaret talked with her kids and explained that she wanted the family to try living for 6 months without the Internet, cell phones, TV, and video games. Ms. Margaret writes articles for a newspaper in Australia, and had written several books as well. She told her children that if they agreed, she would write a book about their experience and they could go on a trip abroad with the money from sales of the book. Her three children agreed, and the experiment Ms. Margaret called, began.
Over the course of the experiment, the Margaret children had different reactions to life without electronics. Before the experiment began, Anni, the eldest of the children read books more than her younger brother and sister. She therefore had a relatively easy adjustment to the family’s new lifestyle. Anni could also use the library’s computer for her homework. Bill who loved to play video games before the experiment began had to find a way to spend all of his new free time. He started to spend more time practicing his saxophone (萨克斯管) Susan, the youngest child in the family, had the hardest time adjusting to life without electronics. She felt restless for the first weeks and later, influenced by her elder sister, gradually began to find interest in the novel experiences brought b various books.
注意：续写的词数应为150左右。
The family carried on with the experiment for the 6 months without technology controlling their lives.
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Ms. Margaret wrote the book she had planned.
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答案
1. B细节理解题。根据题干中的 buy a souvenir可定位到文章第部分。在太平洋科学中心商店 (Pacific Science centers store) 可以买纪念品, 再根据该部分最后一句“The store is located upstairs in Building3. ”可知, 该商店在三号楼, 故选B项。
A、C、D三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品, 排除A项；文章第一部分提到商店紧挨着 Laser Dome, 而不是说在 Laser dome可以买纪念品, 排除C项；根据文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ”可知, 在 Denny Way的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮椅, 而不能买纪念品, 排除D项。
2. D细节理解题。根据文章第四部分中的“Today, Pacific Science Center. brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms. "H知, 太平洋科学中心把基于探究的科学教育带入课堂, 故选D项。A、B两项无中生有, 文章没有提到“培训科学教师”和“分发科学书籍”。C项曲解文意, 根据文章第四部分中的“…Inspiring a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. ”可知, 太平洋科学中心激励着人们在科学、数学和技术方面有所发现以及终身学习, 而不是激励着人们进行科学研究。
3. A推理判断题。根据文章第四部分中的¨Ⅴisit pacific science center. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center可知, 该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心, 也就是鼓励人们捐款, 故选A项。B、C两项无中生有该部分没有提到“宣传即将举行的活动”和“介绍特殊的展览”。D项曲解文意, 该部分提到了自1962年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情, 但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史, 而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人工智能随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制以及人类应如何应对此类安全问题。
4. A细节理解题。由第一段中的 artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want“人工智能可能会变得极度善于达成某事而不是我们真正想要的那样”可知, 人工智能可能会超出人类控制，故选A项。B项“满足人类的真正渴望”, C项“指挥机器人杀手军队”, D项“比数学家工作更快”, 均与第一段所提到的人工智能无关。
5. A细节理解题。由题干中的 machines with specific purposes可定位到第二段第一句“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things a wish to preserve its own existence. ”, 由此可知, 机器人要保证自己的存在, 即A项“避免它们自己被消灭掉”。B项“独立到它们的初始目标”, C项“按照既有指令成功地完成任何事，D项“在国际象棋比赛中击败人类”, 均答非所问
6. D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. 可知, 一些研究者认为, 我们可以用防火墙让机器人回答难题, 但从不允许它们影响真实世界, 故选D项“避免机器人影
响世界”。A项“帮助超级智能机器更好地工作”, B项“反抗邪恶人类, 保证安全”, C项“保护机器不受损害”, 都不是防火墙的用途, 均可排除。
7. C作者观点题。由最后一段首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy可知, 作者认为, 解决超级智能机器的安全问题是可能的, 但并非易事, 故选C项。A项“随着人工智能的发展, 超级智能机器的安全问题会消失”；B项“随着人类干预, 超级智能机器的安全问题会更严重”；D项“超级智能机器的安全问题会存在十年之久”, 均在文中找不到依据
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了当时只有16岁的Macinley Butson用铜制成了一种可穿戴的防护工具, 使乳腺癌症患者在接受检查时能够减少受到不必要的辐射。现在 Butson正在努力将她的发明投入到临床使用中。
8. D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But she only began researching the harmful side effects of radiation treatment after her father discussed his experience with ineffective cancer treatments in his work. ”可知, 但在她的父亲讲述了自己在工作中治疗癌症无效的经历后, 她开始研究放射治疗的有害副作用。由此判断出Macinley Butson开始她的研究的原因是寻找治疗癌症的有效方法。故选D。
9. A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“She then turned to the Internet find videos that taught how to read scientific journals. An idea hit this Australian teen as she was viewing a film on medieval wars in her 10th grade history class. When she saw the scaled patterns of the mail, she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper:”可知, 她到网上找到可以教如何阅读科学期刊的视频。这位澳大利亚青少年在10年级历史课上观看一部有关中世纪战争的电影时, 心中产生了一个念头。当她看到盔甲的鳞片图案时, 她受到启发, 用铜制成了一种可穿戴的防护工具。因此画线短语所在句子的意思是“随着她的研究的深人, 她偶然发现了一些关键信息：铜被证明可以有效保护皮肤免受辐射”。由此可知, 画线短语的意思是“偶然发现”。故选A。
10. D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“An idea hit this Australian teen as she was viewing a film on medieval wars in her 10th grade history class. When she saw the scaled patterns of the mail, she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper可知, 这位澳大利亚青少年在10年级历史课上观看一部有关中世纪战争的电影时, 心中产生了一个念头。当她看到盔甲的鳞片图案时, 她受到启发, 用铜制成了一种可穿戴的防护工具。因此 Macinley Butson的发明灵感来自士兵的防护盔甲。故选D
11. B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When she saw the scaled patterns of the mail, she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper. ”可知, 文章讲述了当时只有16岁的Macinley Butson用铜制成了一种可穿戴的防护工具, 使癌症
患者在接受检査时能够减少受到不必要的辐射。现在 Butson正在努力将她的发明投入到临床使用中。因此B项 (有创造力的) 最能描述 Macinley Butson。故选B。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带, 它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型, 并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。
12. C细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage that can signal the type of bacterial infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. ”可知, 科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带, 它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型, 并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知, 智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C
13. A细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. "可知, 常用的电阻检测方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。根据第三段第一句“It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. "可知, 很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光可以克服这些限制。由此可知智能绷带的优点是节省很多时间和成本。故选A
14. B推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too. 可知, 改进绷带的努力仍在继续, 现在我们有了一种绷带, 不仅能释放抗生素, 还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知, 更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。
15. B推理判断题。根据第一段中¨ Scientists have developed new type of smart bandage that can signal the type of bacterial infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. "可知, 科学家们已经开发出种新型的智能绷带, 它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型, 并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知, 文章的重点是变色绷带。故选B。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了在选修网络课程时如何与授课老师建立健康有益的互动交流。这篇文章视角独特, 倡导积极和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。
16. E关联逻辑法解题。空格前说, 在网络课堂上, 与授课老师建立健康的沟通模式是非常重要的, 空格后说, 虽然“我”每个只列出了两条, 但显然还有许多其他情况可能发生。下面的段落紧接着介绍了沟通的注意事项——两“做”和两“不做”, 因此E项“下面是在线学习者应该做和不应该做的一些常见事情”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
17. G设题位置法解题。空格后说, 与主题内容相关的问题通常会受欢迎。在询问有关课程设计的问题之前, 阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息, 以确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底下。由此可推知, 此段表达要提出好的有水平的问题, 故选G项“问问题, 但要确保这些问题是好的、深思熟虑的问题”。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。
18. A关联逻辑法解题。空格前说, 参加论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛来进行对话, 空格后为参加论坛等的一些注意事项, A项“那就是它们的作用”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
19. C关联逻辑法解题。空格前交代, 如果你需要延长最后期限, 只需向授课老师解释一下情况, 故选C项“如果需要更多的信息, 他们会询问”。本设空类型属于细节理解类
20. F关联逻辑法解题。空格前说, 不要公开表达对授课老师或课程的不满, 空格后提及, 如果授课老师的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧, 一定要使用在线课程评价来冷静地发表你的意见, 因此F项“每个人都曾经有过不太好的上课经历”符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍弗兰克对狗的训练策略, 他将这些策略运用到生活中, 对生活有很多的帮助。首先, 弗兰克以爱和尊重对待他的狗；其次, 弗兰克将教狗自己捡起毯子, 并把它带到它们想去的任何地方。如果这一策略在狗身上如此奏效, 那对人类也同样起作用。
21. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那个教我训练狗的人那里, 我“学到了” (learn) 很多关于培养爱和欣赏的积极认同感的知识。accumulate积累；Improve改善；distinguish区别。
22. B结合语境可知, 此处表示“以爱和尊重对待狗”, 故选B项treat“对待”。please使高兴；surround包围；chase追。
23. C结合常识可知, 训练狗需要耐心 (patience) , 故选C项。sympathy同情；comfort安慰；honor尊重。
24. C根据上文的 First可知此处用“接下来” (next) 符合语境。first首先的；last最后的；least最少的。故选C项
25. D根据下文的 sit the dog on the carpet可知此处用“毯子” (carpet) 符合文意。cloth布料；meat肉；area区域。
26. A结合上下文可知, 此处是指让狗躺在毯子上睡觉, 故选lie on“躺在……上"hide in隐藏在……里；stand beside站在…旁；play with和起玩。
27. D根据上文的 for him to each night可知狗晚上睡在毯子上, 故推测白天 (day) 他会把毯子放在不同的地方, 故选D项。morning早上；afternoon下午；evening傍晚。
28. C根据下文的 for being good可知此处用“表扬” (praise) 符合语境, 故选C项。blame责备；encourage鼓励；accompany陪伴。
29. D根据下文的 and carry it to they were going可知, 要先捡起 (pick up) 毯子才能把它带到其他地方去, 故选D项。carry with带着；care for关心；cut up切碎。
30. A根据下文的 and no matter where he goes可知此处用“任何地方” (wherever) 符合语境, 故选A项。whenever任何时间；however无论如何；whatever任何东西。
31. B根据上文 set the carpet down可推测这是在狗停下 (stop) 时发生的动作, 故选B项。run跑；stand站；turn转身。
32. C结合句意可知, 此处是指在弗兰克的表扬下狗有了归属感, belong属于, 符合此处的语境。participate参与；break打破；correspond符合, 一致。
33. A结合句意可知, 此处是指狗在任何地方都可以被弗兰克表扬收到 (receive) 他的爱和欣赏, 故选A项。expect期待；ignore忽略；take拿走
34. A根据下文的 would it not work just with human beings可知此处用“奏效”符合语境, work是原词复现, 故选A项。句意：如果这一策略在狗身上如此奏效, 那难道不会对人类也同样起作用吗 go去；agree同意；apply申请。
35. B此处是指狗通过主人对它的表扬可以找到归属感, 那么人可能也会如此, 用“也” (as well) 符合语境, 故选B项。as possible尽可能；better than比……更好；still less更不用说。
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了如何维持健康的亲子关系36. beneficial be beneficial to是固定短语, 意为“对……有益”, 故填37. growth形容词修饰名词, 故填 growth
38. neds考查主谓一致。keeping a healthy parent-child bond是动名词短语作主语, 谓语动词用单数, 故填neds。
39. to improve此处不定式作定语, 故填 to improve。
40. however此处是 however引导的让步状语从句, 故填 however。
41. meals meal是可数名词, 故填 meals。
42. which此处是一个非限制性定语从句, 从句缺少主语, 因此用关系代词 which, 故填 which。
43. loved此处过去分词作表语, 故填 loved。
44. have done根据句意可知, 谓语动词用现在完成时, 故填have
45. on a regular basis是固定短语, 意为“经常, 例行的, 有规律的”, 故填on。
第一节 One possible version
Dear Tom,
Time flies! It’s been half a year since you returned to America. How is everything going on with your life and study now
I intend to recommend an original English classic to help students in our school broaden their vision and enrich their minds. Classic books provide profound ideas, showing us the right attitude toward life. To be frank, I find it challenging to select a suitable one. Would you please give me your advice Hopefully, you will list some works with respective features.
I am grateful and looking forward to your early reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 One possible version:
The family carried on with the experiment for the 6 months wither technology controlling their lives. Ms. Margaret believes they all came out better for the experience. The children had a lot more interaction with each other and with their mother. Now that they could not text others, they had to actually see each other and talk. Meanwhile, the family played board games together, cooked meals together and read newspapers together. Bill ended up developing a serious interest music, and in Susan’s case, she improved her grades in school.
Ms Margaret wrote the book she had planned. The book became an immediate hit and aroused great interest among many parents. In her book and in interviews about the book, Ms. Margaret describes the pleasant changes that happened in her family and the progress her children have made. She encourages families to set aside special “screen-free days” where families unplug themselves and spend time together, which is exactly what her family have agreed to do after returning from an enjoyable family trip abroad.
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