人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册 Unit1Science Fiction 词汇精讲课堂课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新人教 单元：选择性必修四 Unit 1
重难点词
精
讲
declare
一词多义
dismiss
一词多义
英语释义
turn out
division
appointment
urge
explode
suspend
一词多义
calculate
词源
一词多义
隐喻
一词多义
一词多义
搭配义
词源
fetch
辨析义
appoint vt
指定；约定：
We appointed a day in June for celebration.
Everyone was assembled in the hall at the appointed time.
任命；委派：
① appoint sb (as) sth:
Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George. 2012 重庆
② appoint sb to sth:
He has been appointed to the committee.
③ appoint sb to do sth:
A nurse was appointed to guard her. 2014 浙江改
a- (to 到) + point (指，点) → 指定时间、指定人到某岗位 → 约定；任命
appoint
(必修三 Unit 2)
【温故】
appointment n (appoint + -ment )
[C] 约会；约定；预约：
make / keep an appointment
I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30.
She had an appointment to paint her nails.
[C] & [U] 任命；任职；职位：
He holds an appointment in the English Department at present.
They congratulated him on his appointment as president.
suspend
悬索桥，又名吊桥（suspension bridge）指的是用缆索做桥梁主要承重结构的桥。将缆索悬挂在桥两端塔架上，桥身用细索或吊杆吊在缆索上。
2020年12月11日上午，世界首座高速铁路悬索桥——连接江苏扬州和镇江的五峰山长江大桥通车啦！大桥全长6.4公里，创七项世界之最。
推特安全账户2021年1月8日晚发文称：“在仔细审查特朗普账户最近发布的推文以及这些推文的背景后, 我们已永久停封（suspend）该帐户。”
暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）to officially stop sth for a time：
The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems.
Talks between the two countries have now been suspended.
suspend vt
[正式用语] 悬；挂；吊 to hang sth from sth else：
The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building.
It was very uncomfortable lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air.
sus- (up from under 从下往上) + pend (to hang 挂；悬挂) → 悬、挂
基本义：悬挂
suspend
悬、挂物体
悬、挂事情
使暂时停职（或停学等）：
He was suspended from school for fighting.
【词汇拓展】
suspension n
[U]［单数］暂停；中止：
the suspension of business / a meeting
The school allows a partial suspension of its rules on the last day of term.
[U] & [C] 暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）：
suspension from office / school
suspension bridge
悬、挂人的职业、学业
suspend 语义网络图
悬、挂物体
悬；挂；吊
使暂时停职（或停学等）
暂停；中止
悬、挂人的职业、学业
悬、挂事情
暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）
暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）
悬、挂suspend
（基本义）
suspension
dismiss
猜猜句中画线部分的汉语释义。
At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed.
下课
dismiss vt
［正式用语］让……离开；解散：
dismiss sb with a wave of the hand
The class was dismissed early today.
［常用于被动语态］解雇；开除：
He was dismissed from his job for incompetence.
消除（顾虑等）；拒绝考虑：
dismiss fears / doubts from one’s mind
He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.
dismiss: dis- (away 离开) + miss (to send 送走) → 将……送走 → 让……离开
dismiss
让人离开某地
让人离开岗位
让顾虑、建议等离开
同义异构：fire
让……离开dismiss
（基本义）
dismiss 语义网络图
让人离开某地
让人离开岗位
让……离开；解散
让顾虑、建议等离开
消除（顾虑等）；拒绝考虑
解雇；开除
declare vt
宣布；声明 to say sth officially or publicly：
In September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
① declare + that 从句:
The court declared that strike action was illegal.
② declare sth / sb (to be) sth:
The area has been declared a national park.
③ declare sth + adj:
The chairman declared the ceremony open; all of us present cheered.
de- (表示强调) + clare (to clarify 澄清；阐明) → 说清楚；讲明白 → 宣布；声称
declare
声称；宣称 to state sth firmly and clearly：
He declared that he would put humans on Mars in less than a decade.
Ella declared herself (to be) happy and satisfied.
申报（纳税品等）：
If you have nothing to declare, go through the Green Channel.
declaration n [C] & [U] 声明；宣 告；宣言：
The Declaration of Independence
《独立宣言》（The Declaration of Independence）是一份于1776年7月4日由托马斯·杰斐逊起草，并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明美国从英国独立的文件。
calculate
两千多年前，罗马商人用calculus (小圆石)来计算损益。古罗马时代的算盘也以calculus(小圆石)作为算珠。古希腊人与古罗马人还以投calculus(小圆石)的简单办法来进行选举，只要计算一下投入瓮中的calculus的数目即可统计出人数有多少。英语单词calculate (计算) 正是源于calculus(小圆石) 。英语还直接借用该词来指“微积分”和“结石”。
词源故事
calculate
vt & vi 计算；核算 (work out) ：
The teacher calculated the average mark of the class.
① calculate + that / wh- 从句：
Sally calculated that she would have about $100 left.
At some stage we need to calculate when the project will be finished.
② it is calculated + that 从句：
It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone, about 2.3 million people died of HIV.
vt 预测；估计 (estimate) ：
calculate + that / wh- 从句：
I calculated that we would arrive at 6:00 pm.
This painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate what its price is.
calculation n [C] & [U] 计算
calculator n [C] 计算器
计算数字
计算即将发生的事
vt（去）拿来；（去）取来；（去）请来：
Run and fetch the doctor.
Fetch me my umbrella. / Fetch my umbrella for me.
fetch
fetch, bring 辨析
二者都含有“拿来” 的意思。
bring 意为“拿来”“带来”，指将人或物拿到说话人所在地
或即将要去的地方，强调一个方向的动作。
It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. 2020 全国
fetch 通常意为“去拿来”，指去取了某物或带上某人，
再返回原处，强调动作的一往一返，相当于go and bring。
John threw a ball away and then asked his dog to fetch it for him.
turn out
turn out 由 turn + out 组成：
turn → 转动
out → 向外
借助小品词out去理解turn out的各义项。
turn out
制造；生产：
The factory turns out 900 cars a week.
原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）：
Unexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice that day.
It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack. 2011 全国
The book Don Quixote turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. 2019 天津改
出席；参加 to be present in an event：
A lot of people turned out for the party.
关掉；熄灭：
Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed.
工厂使产品向外转
人向外转去参加活动
事情向外转
灯或热源向外转直至关闭
turn out 语义网络图
turn out
向外转
基本义
事情“向外转”
人“向外转”去参加活动
工厂把产品“向外转”
出席；参加
制造；生产；培养出
原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）
灯或热源“向外转” 直至关闭
关掉；熄灭
divide v
vi & vt 划分；分割；分配；分开：
Household waste can be roughly divided into food waste, non-recyclable waste and recyclable waste.
As the work can be divided among several people, it can be done efficiently. 2008 浙江
vi & vt（被）除（尽）；把……作除数：
Ten divided by two equals five.
vt 使产生分歧：
We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than divide us. 2016 浙江
division
division 是 divide 的名词形式。
divide：di- (apart 分开地) + vide (to separate 分开) → 分开
divide 基本义：（使）分开
（使）事物分开
（使）数字分开
使意见、想法等分开
division n
[U] & [C] ［单数］分；分开；分配：
In groups discuss what the possible work division was between men and women.
[U] 分界线；部分；部门：
the company’s sales division
[U] 除（法）：
30 divided by 5 is a simple division.
[C] & [U] 分裂；分歧；差异：
Division of opinion among themselves contributed to their defeat.
（使）事物分开
（使）数字分开
划分；分割； 分配；分开
（被）除（尽）； 把……作除数
divide
（使）分开
（基本义）
除（法）
分界线；部分； 部门
分；分开；分配
divide
division
divide & division 语义网络图
使产生分歧
分裂；分歧；差异
使意见、想法等分开
urge
我们每天都需要去卫生间，那么“急需去卫生间”怎么表达呢？可借用urge的名词来帮忙：the urge to pee (尿急)。
urge vt
[正式用语] 驱策；驱赶：
I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. 2014 重庆
催促；力劝 to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth：
① urge sb to do sth:
They urged me to eat the strange food.
② urge + that ... (should) do sth:
He urged that we (should) take such steps.
urge 词源义：“推、驱动”(to press hard, drive)，基本义为“驱赶”
大力推荐；极力主张 to recommend sth strongly：
The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution.
n [C] 强烈的欲望；迫切的需要 (desire)：
urge to do sth:
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals. 2017 全国
【词汇拓展】
urgent adj 急迫的；迫切的；紧急的：
I was in urgent need of money.
Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.
urge 语义网络图
驱赶
urge v
基本义
“驱赶”动物等
“驱赶”某人做某事
极力把某事物“驱赶”给别人
驱策；驱赶
催促；力劝
大力推荐；极力主张
程度递进
强烈的欲望； 迫切的需要
n
v
explode
古希腊人和古罗马人在观看戏剧时，喜欢毫不掩饰地当场表达自己的喜爱或反感情绪。他们通过掌声和喝彩声表达喜爱和赞赏，而在不喜欢演员的表演时，他们也会通过嘘声、倒彩声以及其他各种噪声来表达反感，直到将演员轰下台为止。英语单词 explode 的本意就是“通过噪声把演员轰下台”。
到了18世纪后期，词义慢慢演变为“突然而又大声地爆发、爆炸”。
词源故事
explode v
vt & vi（使）爆炸 (blow up) ：
explode a bomb
The firework exploded in his hand.
vi（感情、暴力事件）爆发；激增：
explode with anger
Florida’s population exploded after World War Ⅱ.
【词汇拓展】
explosion n
[C] & [U] 爆炸（声）：
The explosion was caused by a burst gas pipe.
[C]（感情）爆发； 激增：
a population explosion
an explosion in oil price
（使）炸弹、爆竹等“爆炸”
感情、暴力事件“爆炸”
数字“爆炸”
explode 语义网络图
数字“爆炸”
（使）炸弹、爆竹等“爆炸”
感情、暴力事件“爆炸”
（使）爆炸
（感情、暴力事件）爆发
激增
explosion
explode
爆炸（声）
（感情）爆发
激增
（使）爆炸
explode
基本义
本单元的隐喻
单词 基本义 比喻义（衍生义）
suspend 悬挂
dismiss 消除
division 分开
fall away 向下倾斜 （逐渐）减少；
暂停 / 中止
（逐渐）消失
让……离开
根据所给提示填空。
分歧
1. I have an appointment with my dentist at 11:30.
2. She had an appointment to paint her nails.
3. The class was dismissed early today.
4. The chairman declared the ceremony open; all of us present cheered.
5. Unexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice that day.
6. It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack. 2011 全国
7. Division of opinion among themselves contributed to their defeat.
8. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals. 2017 全国
本单元金句汇总
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She had failed to keep her appointment for third times.___________
2. They congratulated him on his appointment as chairman.
___________
3. He has taken up an appointment as Professor of Chemistry.
___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. I have an __________ (appoint) at the doctor’s.
2. She has an appointment __________ her friend, but she have to change it.
三、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。
我约好了这周末去做美甲。(appointment, paint)
____________________________________________________________
失约
任命
职位
appointment
appointment
with
I have an appointment to paint my nails this weekend.
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. ___________
2. Production has been suspended while safety checks are carried out. ___________
3. Dave was suspended from school for a week. ___________
4. Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.
___________
悬；挂；吊
暂停 / 中止
被停学
被停职
suspend
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The court declared that Brown’s case should be reviewed.
___________
2. Edward declared himself angry and upset. ___________
3. You must declare all your income on this form. ___________
4. Who’s the first man to subscribe to the Declaration of Independence ___________
宣布
声称
申报
独立宣言
declare
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I’m going to calculate how much paint we need. _________
2. It is roughly calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year.
_________
3. It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her.
_________
4. Dee looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations. _________
计算
据粗略计算
估计
快速计算
calculate
一、选出适当的单词， 并用其正确形式填空。
Yesterday she __________ her boyfriend to the party.
2. Would you mind going to _________ the kids from school
二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。
你去帮我把眼镜拿过来好吗？(fetch)
__________________________________________________
brought
fetch
Could you fetch me my glasses / fetch my glasses for me, please
bring, fetch
fetch
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The company turns out a lot of computer games every week.
_________
2. About 70% of the population turned out for the election. _________
3. Don’t forget to turn out the lights when you go. _________
二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。
让我吃惊的是，最后竟是我错了。(turn out)
__________________________________________________________
制作
关灯
turn out
参加
To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong.
1. The current division of labour between workers and management skills will change. __________
2. He’s just been appointed as director of the publishing division.
__________
3. My father taught me how to do division when I was six. __________
4. There are deep divisions in the party over the proposal. __________
劳动分工
部门
除法
分歧
division
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She began urging him towards the front door.
__________
2. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately.
__________
3. We urge effective action to be taken immediately.
__________
4. He could no longer resist the urge to go and see Amanda. __________
驱赶
催促
主张
抑制冲动
urge
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Make sure you resist the urge __________ (answer) every message you receive.（2011 山东）
2. The Somali robbers’ frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations __________ (call) on all nations to take immediate action.（2009 福建）
3. I’m terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your phone It’s rather ________ (urge).（2012 辽宁）
4. He urged that a conference ________________ (hold) by December.
5. I got a note from Moira _______________ (urge) me to get in touch.
to answer
to call
二、用所给词的正确形式填空。
urgent
(should) be held
urging
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A bomb exploded at one of London’s busiest railway stations this morning. ___________
2. The population has exploded in the last ten years. ___________
3. He told a joke which made Hank explode with laughter.
___________
爆炸
激增
大笑起来
explode
谢
谢
观
赏