人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit4 Adversity and Courage词汇-情景破学案（有答案）

Unit4 词汇-情景破
知识点1 turn sb. down拒绝（某人）
However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.（教材P38）然而，当我申请加入探险队的时候，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格。
情景导学
If you must watch TV, please turn the volume down.
如果你必须要看电视，请把音量调低一点。
It turned out that he won first prize, which was beyond his expectation.
结果他得了一等奖，这超出了他的预期。
They finally turned up at midnight.
他们终于在午夜出现了。
It was considerate of you to turn off the light while I was sleeping.
你真体贴，在我睡觉的时候关了灯。
归纳拓展________
turn down拒绝；________
②turn up ________；露面；调高
③ turn off拐弯；________
④turn out ________; ________; 生产
链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1（2019课标全国I，七选五，★★）It turns ________ that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）.
1-2（2018课标全国Ⅲ，完形填空，★★）
He turned ________ at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.
1-3（2017课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★）
She has turned ________ several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
1-4（★）Finally, Dad turned ________ the stove, the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.
1-5（★★）TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning ________ the volume（音量）！
知识点2 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them.（教材P38）但是我如此热衷于和他们同去的想法……
情景导学
Despite their own risks, enthusiastic medical personnel across the country voluntarily rushed to Wuhan-the front-line battlefield against coronavirus.
尽管将自己置身险境，全国各地满腔热忱的医务人员依然自愿奔赴武汉——抗击冠状病毒的前线战场。
He is always enthusiastic to help me whenever I am in trouble.
每当我遇到麻烦，他总是热心帮助我。
归纳拓展
① be enthusiastic________对……充满热情，热衷于
② be enthusiastic ________sth热心做某事，热衷于做某事
③ enthusiasm n.热情，热心
④ enthusiastically adv.热心地；满腔热情地
单句语法填空
2-1（2019北京阅读理解B，★）Moore is enthusiastic ________ the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring.
2-2（2016天津完形填空，★）Cathy has inspired us with her will and ________ (enthusiastic).
2-3（★）The failure was a big blow to him but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as ________ (enthusiasm) as ever.
知识点3 assign vt.分派；布置；分配
He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.（教材P38）他分派我做个服务员，现在我为28个人做饭，一日三餐。
情景导学
You need to assign each action to the relative button view component.
您需要将每一个操作分配给相应的按钮视图组件。
Don’t litter the ground. Look at the sign, “Rubbish into the assigned dustbin”.
不要往地上乱扔垃圾。看牌子：“垃圾放入指定的垃圾箱”。
You will need to complete three written assignments per semester.
你每学期要完成三个书面作业。
归纳拓展
assign sth. ________ sth.分配某人做某事；指派某人做某事
assign sth. ________ sb.分配某物给某人；分派、布置（工作、任务等）给某人
________ n.任务；作业；分配；布置
单句语法填空
3-1（2019天津，阅读理解B，★★）Occasionally, I would read a novel that ________ (assign), but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.
3-2（2016江苏，阅读理解A改编，★★）Students who are successful in an online course are usually able to plan, organize time and complete many ________ (assignment) and activities.
3-3（2016上海，Grammar and Vocabulary Section A（A），★★）Last year, I was assigned ________ (work) office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month.
3-4（★★）Offices and work spaces often are not assigned ________ a given person on a permanent basis.
知识点4 envy n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to！（教材P38）当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方的时候，他们每个人会多么羡慕我啊！
情景导学
The new watch was the envy of his classmates.
那块新的手表成了他的同学们羡慕的东西。
As a Chinese girl, she speaks French with enviable fluency.
作为一个中国姑娘，她说法语流利得令人羡慕。
Glover thought that Smith spoke ill of him, perhaps out of envy.
Glover认为 Smith说他坏话，也许是出于忌妒。
归纳拓展
envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人的某物
be ________ envy________成为羡慕/忌妒的对象；成为羡慕/忌妒的东西
________ adj.令人羡慕的；引起忌妒的
________ 出于忌妒
单句语法填空
4-1（2019课标全国I，阅读理解D，★★★）________ (envy) as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.
4-2（2016江苏，阅读理解D改编，★）She was ________ envy of the whole community.
4-3（★★）The passengers stared at him enviously for six months out of the year. He enjoyed ________ (envy).
4-4（★★）The adobe dwellings（土坯房）built by the Pueblo Indians ________ (envy) by those outsiders nowadays.
知识点5 abandon v.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together.（教材P38）在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿镇定地把我们召集在一起……
情景导学
The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.
研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。
We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem too weak or out of control.
我们不敢放纵自己的情感，以免我们看起来太懦弱或没规矩。
He posts photos of abandoned cats and dogs onto the Internet in order to arouse people's concern.
他在网上发布被遗弃的猫和狗的照片以引起人们的关心。
归纳拓展
abandon sb./sth. ________ sb./sth.把……丢弃给……; 把……丢到……
abandon oneself ________ sth.使某人沉湎于（某种情感）
________ adj.被离弃的；被抛弃的
单句语法填空
5-1（2019北京，阅读理解C改编，★★）That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or ________ (abandon) phone calls altogether.
5-2（2018课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解C，★★）Wang collected more than 7 million ________ (abandon) bricks of different ages.
5-3（★★）I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, nuisances to be corrected，problems so severe that they were abandoned ________ the forest.
知识点6 belongings n.[pl.]财物；动产
We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.（教材P38）我们的大多数私人物品都不允许携带，沙克尔顿他自己扔掉了他所有的黄金。
情景导学
Setting foot on the homeland, he felt a strong sense of belonging.
踏上祖国的土地，他感到了一种强烈的归属感。
I realized that he and I belonged to different worlds.
我意识到我和他不是一路人。
归纳拓展
① belong________属于（无被动语态）
② a sense of________一种归属感
单句语法填空
6-1（2019浙江，语法填空，★）First of all, uniforms help the school look smart The students feel that they belong ________ a particular group.
6-2（2018课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D，★）Carducci believes developing such a sense of ________ (belong) starts with small talk.
单句改错
6-3（2017课标全国I，阅读理解A，★）Lockers are available to store any belonging during your visit.
知识点7 application n.申请；请求；应用
Unfortunately, his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.（教材P40）不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，不够合格。
情景导学
He made an application to the committee for the post on second thoughts.
经再次思考，他向委员会申请了这一职位。
The new technology, if applied to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
这项新技术，若应用于水稻种植，将有助于增加粮食产量。
归纳拓展
apply…________...把……应用到……；把……涂\敷到……上；把……施用在…上
make ________ to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物/事
单句语法填空
7-1（2019天津，阅读理解A，★）However, technology is also the ________ (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
7-2（2019课标全国I，阅读理解C，★★）This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply ________ each key.
7-3（2016天津，阅读理解D，★★）________ (apply) my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order（按字母顺序），never letting myself leave out a tough idea.
知识点8 guidance n.指导；引导；导航
He finally finished the research paper under his tutor’s guidance.（教材P41）在导师的指导下，他终于完成了研究报告。
情景导学
Every household in the village has four dustbins to classify their rubbish, and they are also given a brochure about guidance on garbage sorting.
这个村子每家有四个垃圾箱来把他们的垃圾进行分类，并且也给了他们一本关于垃圾分类的指导手册。
Under the guidance of modern science and rational spirit, the human society makes continuous progress.
在现代科学和理性精神的指导下，人类社会不断进步。
A knowledgeable guide will ensure you an enjoyable and instructive experience around the museum.
一个知识渊博的导游会确保您参观博物馆成为一次既有趣又增长知识的经历。
Thankfully, a helpful local guided us through the busy streets to the nearest bus stop.
谢天谢地，一个乐于助人的当地人带领我们穿过繁忙的街道去最近的公交车站。
归纳拓展
________ the ________ of…在……的指导下
② guidance ________关于某方面的指导
③ guide sb. ________...引导某人去…
________ n.导游
单句语法填空
8-1（2019天津，阅读理解D改编，★★）The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to provide guidance ________ leading a meaningful adult life.
8-2（2018课标全国I，阅读理解A，★）Knowledgeable ________ (guide) will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.
8-3（2016北京，阅读理解D，★）What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental ________ (guide) to college students
8-4（★）The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them ________ the product’s location in the store.
知识点9 give off放出（热、光、气味或气体）
This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.（教材P44）这样做放出油腻的黑烟，但是它甚至在强风中也一直燃烧。
情景导学
I tried my best to treat my boy kindly, but my patience gave out.
我尽最大努力好好对待我儿子，但是我的耐心已经耗尽。
The video of Chinese international students giving away face masks in Tokyo in order to protect people from COVID-19 touched the heart of billions of people.
中国留学生在东京发放口罩以保护人们免受新型冠状病毒肺炎的视频触动了亿万人的心。
We must carry the experiment through to the end, instead of giving up halfway.
我们一定要把这项实验进行到底，而不是中途放弃。
With the development of science and technology, old equipment has to give way to new inventions.
随着科学技术的发展，旧设备不得不被新发明取代。
归纳拓展
give ________放弃
② give ________赠送；分发；颁发；错失；泄露
give ________对…让步/屈服；被……替代
④ give ________发出、放出（热、光等）；用完；耗尽；公布；分发
⑤ give in屈服；让步；投降
单项选择
9-1（2019北京，阅读理解D，★★）Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while ________ oxygen.
A. giving away B. giving up C. giving off D. giving in
9-2（★）Body language can ________ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
give away B. give off C. give out D. give up
9-3（★★）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and ________ that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house.
A. give up B. give out C. give away D. give back
单句改错
9-4（2019浙江，完形填空，★★★）For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving off food waste. “Some people have even risked their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said.
参考答案：
知识点1
把……调低 ②出现 ③关掉 ④结果（是）；原来（是）
1-1out【解析】句意：结果是只要看看绿色的、正在生长的东西，就能减轻压力，降低血压，使人心情更好。turn out结果（是）；原来（是）。
1-2 up【解析】句意：他带着给新晋妈妈 Lindsey和她的男婴的礼物出现在了医院。turn up在此处意为“出现，露面”。
1-3 down【解析】句意：为了集中精力学习，她拒绝了几次演出的邀请。此处 turn down意为“拒绝”。
1-4 of【解析】句意：最后，爸爸关掉了炉子，锅开始冷却，压力阀喷出一团蒸汽。turn off关掉。
1-5 up【解析】句意：TV Ears已经帮助成千上万各种程度的失聪人土不需要调高音量就能清晰地听见电视的声音！turn up调高（音量）。
知识点2
about ②to do
2-1 about【解析】句意：Moore对她创造的糖果充满热情，对于未来可能会带来的东西也很乐观。be enthusiastic about对…充满热情。
2-2 enthusiasm【解析】句意：Cathy用她的意愿和热情鼓舞了我们。设空处和and前面的名词will并列，均为with的宾语。故设空处应填名词 enthusiasm，意为“热情”。
2-3 enthusiastic【解析】句意：这次失败对他来说是个巨大的打击，但他并没有泄气，很快又变得像以前一样充满热情。as…as中间需要用形容词或副词的原级，空前的got在此处为系动词，意为“变得”，后接形容词。故填 enthusiastic，意为“热情的”。
知识点3
to do ②to ③assignment
3-1 was assigned【解析】句意：偶尔我会读指定的小说，但是我并不喜欢这种类型的阅读。assign在此处意为“布置、指定”，设空处前的that引导定语从句，先行词为 novel，assign与先行词 novel是被动关系，依据would和didn’t可知应该用一般过去时态。故填was。
3-2 assignments【解析】assignment在此处意为“作业”，设空处前的many修饰可数名词的复数形式，由此可知应该用复数形式 assignments。
3-3 to work【解析】句意：去年，我被分配在离我妈妈家很近的一个办事处工作，所以我和她在一起住了一个月。此处包含固定搭配 assign sb.to do sth.的被动形式。故填 to work。
3-4 to【解析】句意：办公室和工作场所通常不会长期分配给某个特定的人。此处包含固定搭配 assign sth.to sb.的被动形式。故填to。
知识点4
②the；of③ enviable④ out of envy
4-1 Enviable【解析】句意：尽管这些酷酷的孩子似乎令人羡慕，但是 Prinstein博士的研究显示出了令人不愉快的结果。逗号前面是as引导的让步状语从句的倒装形式，分析从句结构可知，这里应该是把形容词放在了句首。故填 Enviable。
4-2 the【解析】句意：她是整个社区羡慕的对象。此处包含固定短语 be the envy of，意为“成为羡慕/忌妒的对象”。
4-3 being envied【解析】句意：乘客们一年中有六个月羡慕地盯着他看。他喜欢被人羡慕。enjoyed后接动名词作宾语，He和envy之间为被动关系，因此应该使用动名词的被动形式。
4-4 are envied【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：由普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房如今被那些外来人羡慕。由句中的 nowadays可知此处用一般现在时，envy与The adobe dwellings之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填 are envied。
知识点5
to②to③ abandoned
5-1 abandoning【解析】句意：那也许意味着要么开发一种统一的方法来标记视频和图像，显示出什么时候、谁打的电话，要么彻底放弃打电话。此处包含由either...or连接的并列结构，依据 either developing可知or后应该使用动词-ing形式，作mean的并列宾语。
5-3 to【解析】此处包含固定搭配 abandon sb./sth.to..“把丢弃到……”的被动形式
5-2 abandoned【解析】句意：王（先生）收集了七百多万块被丢弃的不同年代的砖。此处应用形容词 abandoned作定语，意为“被丢弃的”。
知识点6
to ②belonging
6-1 to【解析】句意：首先，校服有助于使学校看起来整洁。学生们感觉他们属于一个特定的群体。此处包含短语 belong to“属于”。故填to。
6-2 belonging【解析】句意：Carducci认为培养这种归属感从闲聊开始。此处包含短语 a sense of belonging“一种归属感”。故填 belonging。
6-3 belonging改为 belongings【解析】句意：在您参观期间有寄存柜可以储存任何个人所有物。根据句意可知，此处应将 belonging改为 belongings，意为“个人所有物“。
知识点7
to ② an application
7-1 application【解析】句意：然而，技术也是应用科学知识来解决问题，触及生活的方方面面。由设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知应用名词，此处 application意为“应用”，作不可数名词。
7-2 to【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这款智能键盘精准地测量一个人打字的节奏以及手指按压在每个键上的力度。句中 fingers apply ________ each key为定语从句，先行词为 the pressure，先行词在从句中作apply的宾语，apply the pressure to each key把力施用在每个键上。故填to。
7-3 applying【解析】句意：运用自己的一贯做法，我决心按照字母顺序把它们写下来，从不让我自己漏掉一个难点。apply在此处意为“应用”，与句子主语I是主动关系，作状语，所以应该用动词 apply的现在分词形式。
知识点8
under；guidance ②on ③to ④guide
8-1 on【解析】句意：作者写这篇文章的目的是提供关于过有意义的成年人生活的指导。guidance on.关于某方面的指导。On在此处意为“关于，在……方面”。
8-2 guides【解析】句意：学识渊博的导游会用关于总统、议会、纪念碑、公园的最有趣的故事使您（旅途）愉快。
guide在此处意为“导游”，由语境及句子结构可知此处应该用复数名词。
8-3 guidance【解析】句意：作者对家长连续不断地指导大学生的态度是怎样的？空前的 parental是形容词，意为“家长的”，故后面用名词 guidance，意为“指导”。
8-4 to【解析】句意：这个公司的“Shoot”机器人为协助商店的顾客而制造，它能帮助顾客在商店中找到商品并且帮助引导他们到商品的位置。此处包含短语 guide sb.to...引导某人到…。
知识点9
up ②away ③way to ④out
9-1 C【解析】句意：浮游植物生活在海洋表面，它们在那里将二氧化碳吸入海洋，同时释放出氧气。give off放出（气体）。
9-2 A【解析】句意：肢体语言可以泄露你很多的情绪信息所以抱着胳膊站着可能传达一种信息——你的戒备心很强。give away泄露。
9-3 B【解析】句意：黏土坯做的墙在炎热的白天吸收来自太阳的热量，在凉爽的夜晚慢慢释放出那些热量，这样使得房子保暖。give out放出（热）。
9-4 off改为away【解析】句意：出于法律方面的原因，大多数餐馆都有一个反对赠送餐厨垃圾的政策。Dubanchet说：“有些人甚至冒着失去工作的风险给我食物。”结合整体句意可知，此处应将off改为away, give away意为“赠送”。
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