人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit4 Adversity and Courage单元限时作业 (有解析)

Unit4 单元限时作业
一、刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：国外教育 词数：319 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[黑龙江哈尔滨六中2021高二期中]“Go ahead，” I told Linda. "Pick up the rock，and see what's under it.”
Her 4-year-old arms struggled with the rock buried in the stream bed. Her eyes got big as she examined the worms after their nest was uncovered. She watched quietly，as they walked past her foot. She gently put the rock back and said，"Are there worms under all the rocks？”
This wasn't school-it was a nature-based summer camp in New York's Hudson Valley that I ran when I was 27.When I turned the kids over to their parents at the end of the day，they were tired，inspired by nature and knowledge.
Finland's “forest kindergartens” use the natural world as a jumping-off point for early academic instruction to make kids enjoy learning. Finland is following in the footsteps of other European countries including Denmark，where outdoor education has been common for many years.
In the Finnish program，kids spend four days of a week，from 8：30 a.m.to 6：30 p.m.，outside with a teacher. What has been built into the program is quite a bit of playtime. Kids get a lot of exercise and lesson plans are freely made so teachers can use what's at hand and in season in their lessons.
While all this sounds less strict than a classroom-based kindergarten program，the results show that these types of programs have better results for overall physical health as well as academic performance and social development. But aren't the kids who do this coming from wealthy, educated communities-so, of course they score better on tests In fact, the greatest gains from spending time outdoors can be found in kids who are coming from less advantageous backgrounds. At a school near Atlanta, where kids spend 30 percent of their day outside, students have improved scores more than students from any other school in their area, and most of the kids there come from poor families.
1. Why did the author ask Linda to pick up the rock
A. To help Linda be independent.
B. To see if Linda had enough courage.
C. To give Linda a chance to study nature.
D. To teach Linda how to protect animals.
2. What's the purpose of Finland's "forest kindergartens"
A. To help kids learn about forests.
B. To popularize outdoor education.
C. To show the importance of play.
D. To develop kids' interest in study.
3. Compared with classroom-based kindergartens, "forest kindergartens" ________.
A. seem to be less tiring
B. have no fixed lesson plans
C. set many strict rules
D. have no teachers around
4. What is an advantage of outdoor programs according to the last paragraph
A. Kids joining them score higher on tests.
B. They help change poor kids' families.
C. They do good to communities.
D. Kids meet people who are different from them.
二、刷七选五
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 词数：304 难度：中 建议用时：8分钟
[浙江杭州杭高钱江校区2021高二期中]
How to Become a Glass Half-Full Person Times are tough and many people are struggling.
But just because we can find lots of reasons for feeling down doesn't mean that we should. We all get to wake up every day and choose whether we are going to be a glass half-full，or a glass half-empty person. 1
Set your intention. Before you step out of bed，take one minute to set your intention for the day by coming up with one word about the attitude or spirit you want to bring to the day. 2 It helps you better focus your time and energy.
Carry yourself like an optimist. Scientists have actually proven that how you present and carry yourself on the outside has a huge impact on how you feel on the inside. 3 Talk with people as though you were the outgoing, confident, optimistic and successful person you wish to be and you will attract all sorts of positive people and opportunities into your life.
4 Often the very thing we need to improve requires courage. That is, closing the gap between where you are now and where you would like to be will require stepping outside your comfort zone and doing something that scares you away.
Turn a problem into an opportunity. You can't solve your problems by complaining about them. 5 Where pessimists（悲观主义者）see problems，optimists find opportunities. If you change the way you look at your problems，your problems will change and be transformed into a rich array of opportunities to grow，so learn and discover inner resources you never knew you had！
Please try one of these strategies today and let me know how it helps! As an optimist, I am sure it will!
A. Perform an act of courage.
B. Expect good things to happen.
C. Stand tall and smile confidently.
D. Being purposeful acts like a compass.
E. Surround yourself with positive people.
F. Below are tips on filling up your cup of optimism.
G. But you can solve them by approaching them from a new angle.
三、刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文题材：个人经历词数：262e难度：中建议用时：13分钟
[江苏苏州2021高二期中]My family lived about a mile from the Bertram Woods Library. Throughout my childhood，my mother drove me there several times a week.
Our visits were never 1 enough for me. I loved wandering around the shelves， 2 the spines（书脊）of the books until something happened to 3 my eye.
I might have spent the rest of my life 4 libraries the way I viewed them，say，the amusement park I went to as a kid. But then the 5 feeling came back into my life unexpectedly.
One day after we moved to Los Angeles in 2011，my son wanted to interview a 6 for his school assignment. So we went to the closest library.
As we drove over to meet the librarian，I experienced the 7 of this similar journey in my past-a parent and a child on their way to the library. The 8 didn't look anything like the Bertram Woods, but when we 9 inside, a shock of recognition 10 me. Decades had passed, but I really felt as if I had 11 to that time and place, walking into the library with my mother. 12 had changed. There was the same soft sound of pencil on paper, and the 13 of people at the tables in the centre of the room. The wooden checkout counters, the librarians' desks, the bulletin board, were all the same.
It wasn't that time 14 in the library. It was as if it had been captured here, or collected. A library, for me, is a gathering pool of 15 and of the people who come to find them.
1. A. long B. easy C. boring D. interesting
2. A. staring B. reading C. watching D. scanning
3. A. fill B. catch C. open D. block
4. A. wandering around B .thinking about C. talking about D. looking for
5. A. familiar B. exciting C. funny D. warm
6. A. professor B. teacher C. bookseller D. librarian
7. A. memory B. adventure C. hardship D. excitement
8. A. school B. building C. desks D. books
9. A. looked B. drove C. stepped D. read
10. A. stuck B. disappointed C. defeated D. struck
11. A. fallen B. returned C. gone D. devoted
12. A. Everybody B. Everything C. Nobody D. Nothing
13. A. talking B. laughing C. whispering D. chatting
14. A. travelled B. flew C. stopped D. changed
15. A. books B. contents C. stories D. achievements
四、刷语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：科考研究 词数：224 难度：中 建议用时：7分钟
[首都师范大学附属中学2021高二月考]China's research icebreaker Xuelong，1 126 crew members aboard on the 35th Antarctic research mission，on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on 2 （it）way back to China.
Snow Eagle 601，China's first fixed-wing aircraft for polar flight，on Thursday night also departed from the Antarctic after 3 （complete）all assignments.
Xuelong， 4 arrived near Zhongshan on Feb 9，supplied the station with fuel oil，and then picked up the summer expedition team members at the Kunlun，Taishan and Zhongshan stations，as well as 5 （member）of the fixed-wing aircraft project.
Sixteen members of the Kunlun team 6 （success）completed all scientific expeditions at Dome Argus，the South Pole's highest ice cap. They，together with 21 members of the Taishan team， 7 （return）to Zhongshan on Feb 8.
The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR，drilling of ice bedrock，atmospheric sounding 8 （observe），surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.
As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left，19 members would stay for winter expeditions.
Also known as the Snow Dragon，the icebreaker 9 （carry）a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov 2 last year，beginning the country's 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected 10 （arrive）in Shanghai in mid-March.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
五、刷读后续写
难度：中 建议用时：20分钟
[江苏如泉2021高三月考]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jim and Andy walked along the beach，looking for an adventure. They joked that some day they would find a talking fish or a mermaid or a bottle with a treasure map inside. So far they had only found shells and rocks and seaweed. Today though was different. The boys felt excited.
Sea crabs scampered on the rocks，up one side and down the other. They were quick and lively. The tide didn't seem to ever wash them away. Then Jim saw a fish. It was stranded（搁浅的）on the beach，just flopping（笨拙地移动）around.
“Can it talk？”Andy asked.
“It looks like any other fish，"Jim said. He picked it up gently and carried it to the water.
“Do you think it will grant us any wishes？"Andy laughed.
The boys watched as the silver fish sped off through the water."No. Maybe next time." Jim grinned.
As the two friends walked farther down the beach they came upon a bottle. It was green with a cork in the mouth.
“Our luck will change. Does it have a map or a genie（精灵）inside？"joked Andy. Andy reached down and picked up the bottle. He rubbed it. Nothing happened. He pulled out cork. Nothing happened. He shook it.
Nothing happened.
“Try the cork again. I bet the genie is waiting for us to release him. Or we'll find a treasure map and have a real adventure，"Jim exclaimed.
Andy tugged（用力拉）again on the cork. He wiggled it back and forth. He twisted it around and around.
Finally，it popped out without breaking. Andy shook the bottle. Nothing came out. Looking inside he couldn't see anything. Jim looked too and shook his head. It was empty.
“It's just an old wine bottle，"Jim complained. He grabbed the bottle and tossed（扔）it back onto the sand.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
The bottle hit a rock and shattered（破碎）into many pieces. __________________
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The two boys ran after it._____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。作者介绍了芬兰的“森林幼儿园”采用户外教育模式的目的、优势和效果。
1.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的Her eyes got big as she examined the worms after their nest was uncovered. She watched quietly，as they walked past her foot.和第三段中的When I turned the kids over to their parents at the end of the day，they were tired，inspired by nature and knowledge.可知，作者让琳达这样做是为了给她研究自然的机会，故选C项。
2.D推理判断题。根据第四段中的Finland's “forest kindergartens” use the natural world as a jumping-off point for early academic instruction to make kids enjoy learning.可知，这个项目是为了培养孩子的学习兴趣，故选D项。
3.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的What has been built into the program is quite a bit of playtime. Kids get a lot of exercise and lesson plans are freely made so teachers can use what's at hand and in season in their lessons.可知，“森林幼儿园”没有固定的教学计划，故选B项。
4.A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句以及后面的例子At a school near Atlanta...可知，参加户外教育项目的学生成绩更好。故选A项。
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个让你变得乐观的小窍门。
1.F根据后文各段落小标题可知，设空句应是起到引出后文的作用，即引出后文各段落关于如何保持乐观的方法或建议。故选F项。
2.D根据本段小标题Set your intention.可知，本段的核心词汇为intention，且结合后文It helps you better focus your time and energy.可知，设空句应是在讲述“设定目标”的积极作用。故选D项。
3.C根据本段小标题可知，本段在讲述如何保持乐观的心态，且后文提到了保持乐观心态的行为方式，由此可推知，设空句应也会提及一些行为方式，且C项与本段小标题Carry yourself like an optimist.相呼应。故选C项。
4.A设空句为本段小标题。根据空后的进一步解释可知，本段内容的核心词汇应是courage，故选A项。
5.G根据本段小标题可知，本段在讲述如何把问题变成机会。结合后文可知，作者强调的是乐观主义者会改变看待问题的方式，即换个角度思考问题。选项G中的approaching them from a new angle与后文的change the way you look at your problems相呼应，且与前文形成转折关系，故选G项。
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和图书馆的故事，在很多年以后，作者又来到了一个充满着小时候回忆的图书馆。
1.A根据语境及下文描述的作者对图书馆的热爱可知，此处指作者从来都不觉得待在图书馆的时间长。故选A项。
2.D这里表示作者会用眼睛扫过书脊，寻找自己喜欢的书。根据常识可知，找书时浏览速度应该是比较快的，所以选择scanning（快速浏览）。故选D项。
3.B这里指作者扫过书脊，直到某一本书引起他的注意。catch sb's eye为固定搭配，意为“引起某人的注意”。故选B项。
4.B这里表示作者余生也许一直会觉得图书馆和游乐场差不多，故选B项。
5.A根据下文的描述可知，此处指那种和小时候去图书馆一样的熟悉感突然出现了。故选A项。
6.D根据语境及下文可知，他们要访问的是一个图书管理员，故选D项。
7.A根据语境，此处指作者再次经历了儿时关于图书馆的回忆，应该用experienced the memory，故选A项。
8.B此处指这个图书馆的建筑和小时候常去的那座图书馆的建筑一点也不一样，故选B项。
9.C此处指但是当作者走进图书馆的时候，内心感到触动和震惊，step inside 意为“走进去，踏进”。故选C项。
10.D作者走进图书馆的时候感到了震惊，应该是内心被触动了，故选D项。
11.B根据a shock of recognition可知，此处指作者感觉回到了小时候的那座图书馆，故选B项。
12.D结合下一句中的the same可知，作者觉得这里和小时候的那座图书馆没有什么不同，故选D项。
13.C根据语境可知，因为是在图书馆，所以人们应是在桌边低声耳语，而不是大声说笑，故选C项。
14.C根据语境，对照后文中的“时光在这里被捕获、被收集”可知，此处指“不是儿时的时光在这里停止了”，故选C项。
15.C纵观全文，图书馆是故事和人的汇集之地，故选C项。
刷语法填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了是“雪龙”号载着完成科考研究的队伍成功返航和中国首架极地固定翼飞机“雪鹰601”也成功返航的消息。
1.with分析句子结构并结合语境可知，设空前后内容存在伴随关系。介词with意为“协同；带有”，符合语境。故填with。
2.its way 是名词，应用形容词性物主代词its修饰。故填its。
3.completing 介词after后接名词性结构，因此使用complete的动名词形式completing。故填completing。
4.which 此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Xuelong，关系词在从句中作主语，因此使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5.members根据常识可知，该项目的成员肯定不止一个，前文的summer expedition team members也是提示，此处要使用member的复数形式。故填members。
6.successfully 谓语动词是completed，应使用success的副词形式修饰。故填 successfully。
7.returned 结合全文时态可知，此处应用一般过去时，因此使用return的过去式。故填 returned。
8.observation 此处作including的宾语，且前有atmospheric sounding修饰，因此使用observe的名词形式observation。故填observation。
9.carrying 句中已有谓语动词set，故此处应用非谓语，且icebreaker 与carry 之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此使用carrying作后置定语。
10.to arrive be expected to do是固定搭配，意为“预计……”。故填to arrive。
刷应用文写作
【写作提示】
1.材料导读
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了吉姆和安迪想在海边寻宝，他们先挽救了一条搁浅的鱼，又看到了一个空瓶子的故事。
2.续写分析
（1）由第一段首句内容“瓶子撞到一块石头上，摔得粉碎”，结合故事开头二人想要遇到一条会说话的鱼或是一条美人鱼又或是一个装着藏宝图的瓶子，可将文章虚构成一个探险传奇故事。由第二段首句“两个男孩追着它跑出去”可知瓶子原本成了碎片，这里却用到了“它”，说明瓶子复原了。因而可将本段细节构思为瓶子碎了，但突然又完好如初，而后顺着海浪飘走。
（2）由第二段首句内容“两个男孩追着它跑出去”，可构思本段中瓶子把他们带到一个地方，那儿有很多财宝——原来是那条搁浅的鱼来报恩的。
续写线索：瓶子摔得粉碎——瓶子完好如初——男孩们追着瓶子——发现了财宝——原来是之前放生的鱼在报恩。
3.提分词句
bend over；astonishingly，as much as possible；as they saw a long，silver key（时间状语从句）；where there was lots of treasure...（定语从句）等。
【参考范文】
The bottle hit a rock and shattered into many pieces. Both Andy and Jim gasped as they saw a long, silver key on the ground among the glass pieces. Then they looked at each other. Why didn't it make any noise when they shook the bottle Why didn't they see it Andy bent over to pick up the key. Suddenly the glass pieces came together to form a bottle again. The key was mysteriously back inside! And the bottle began rolling slowly towards the sea.
The two boys ran after it. When they entered the sea, astonishingly they didn't sink into the water but floated on the surface of it. They felt excited. They followed the bottle and then it stopped near an island where there was lots of treasure like diamonds and stones." You can take as much as possible," a voice came from the coast where a talking fish was swimming. It was the stranded fish that Jim saved and put back into the water.
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