人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit4 Adversity and Courage五年高考练（有答案解析）

Unit4 五年高考练
I.阅读理解
主题语境：人与自我 难易度：★★ 语篇类型：记叙文 建议用时：8
（2020新高考I，B）
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that’s pretty powerful.
1. What did Jennifer do after high school
A. She helped her dad with his work.
B. She ran the family farm on her own.
C. She supported herself through college.
D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
2. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield
A. To take care of her kids easily.
B. To learn from the best nurses.
C. To save money for her parents.
D. To find a well-paid job there.
3. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal
A. Her health.
B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputation.
D. Her chance of promotion.
4. What can we learn from Jennifer’s story
A. Time is money.
B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off.
D. Education is the key to success.
词汇积累
1. willpower n.意志力，毅力
2. pursue v.追求；继续进行
3. cover v.足以支付
4. degree n.学位
5. attend v.参加；出席
6. set aside省出；抽出
7. support v.养活
8. Inspiration n.鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
9. powerful adj.有影响力的
10. reputation n.名誉；名声
Ⅱ.完形填空
主题语境：人与自我 难易度：★ 语篇类型：记叙文 建议用时：7
（2018天津）
No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own 1 .
I learned this lesson from a(n) 2 many years ago. I took the head 3 job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the 4 team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to 5 the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn’t 6 I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it. I came to 7 that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were 8 me. I had to change my 9 about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 10 . Most important, I began to treat them like 11 . That summer when the other teams enjoyed their 12 , we met every day and 13 passing and kicking the football.
Six months after suffering our 14 on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to 15 . Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a 16 for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn’t what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest 17 of my life!
I From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 18 the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 19 them. I helped them to see themselves 20 , and they built themselves into winners.
Winners are made, not born.
1. A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature
2. A. experiment B. experience C. visit D. show
3. A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching
4. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new
5. A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D. finish with
6. A. believe B. agree C. describe D. regret
7. A. realize B. claim C. permit D. demand
8. A. reacting to B. looking for C. depending on D. caring about
9. A. decision B. attitude C. conclusion D. intention
10. A. pride B. culture C. fortune D. relationship
11. A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners
12. A. rewards B. vacations C. health D. honor
13. A. risked B. missed C. considered D. practiced
14. A. defeat B. decline C. accident D. mistake
15. A. relax B. Improve C. expand D. defend
16. A. shame B. burden C. victory D. favor
17. A. chances B. thrills C. concerns D. offers
18. A. Surprise B. serve C. interest D. affect
19. A. encouraged B. observed C. protected D. impressed
20. A. honestly B. individually C. calmly D. differently
词汇积累
1. coach n.教练
2. react to对……有反应
3. thrill v.（使）兴奋n.兴奋；令人兴奋的经历
4. to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
5. practice doing sth.练习做某事
6. react to...对……做出反应
7. impress v.给……留下深刻印象
参考答案：
Ⅰ.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主题语境是人与自我，主题语境内容为终身学习。文章讲述了作为三个孩子的母亲珍妮弗·莫尔凭借顽强的意志力坚持学习最终获得护理学学士学位的事情。本文旨在通过珍妮弗·莫尔的故事激励学生培养顽强的意志力。
1.C【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：珍妮弗高中毕业后做什么？根据第二段中“After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition（高中毕业后，珍妮弗上了一所当地的技术学院，通过工作支付她的学费）”可知C项（她供她自己上大学）正确。A：她帮助她父亲工作；B：她独自经营家庭农场；D：她在家教她的弟弟妹妹。
2.A【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：为什么珍妮弗选择在马什菲尔德圣约瑟夫医院的课程？根据第三段中第四句“She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.（她可以开车去上课，晚上回家帮助她的孩子。）”可知答案为A项（方便照看她的孩子）。B：向最优秀的护士学习；C：为给她的父母省钱；D：在那里找一份高薪的工作。
3.B【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：珍妮弗为了实现她的目标牺牲了什么？根据最后一段中第二句“Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal，giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.（珍妮弗为了实现她的目标而做出了牺牲，放弃了和她的孩子在一起的许多夜晚，为了学习错过了一些重要活动。）”可知B项（和家人在一起的时间）正确。A：她的健康；C：她的名声；D：她的升迁机会。
4.C【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们能从珍妮弗的故事中学到什么？通读全文不难看出这篇文章讲述了作为三个孩子的母亲，珍妮弗·莫尔凭借顽强的意志力坚持学习，最终获得护理学学士学位的事情。故答案为C项（付出终有回报）。A：时间就是金钱；B：爱能打破；D：教育是成功的关键。
Ⅱ.语篇解读 本文为记叙文。作者带领的学校足球队输给了一支没有教练、毫无准备的队伍，反思之后作者决定改变态度，最终带领队伍取得了一场又一场胜利。由此得出结论：胜者不是天生的，而是通过努力创造出来的。
1.C【解析】根据下文叙述的故事可以得知，作者和队员们通过努力取得了一场又一场胜利，由此可知，没有人天生就是胜者，都是通过“努力”成为胜者的。luck运气；test测验；effort努力nature天性，自然。
2.B【解析】文章讲述了作者多年前的一段经历，因此他是从自己的经历（experience）中得知这个道理的。experiment实验；visit拜访，参观；show表演。根据倒数第二段第一句 From the experience I learned a lot.也可得知答案。
3.D【解析】根据第三段中的 Being the coach of the new team可知，作者从事了一份教练的工作。故选D。
4.D【解析】根据第三段首句里的 old team和 against可知，是“old team和 new team对阵”。根据下文中的 Being the coach of the new team也可得出答案。
5.B【解析】空后句提到，作为教练，作者原本以为自己的队伍会取胜，所以感到非常高兴，设空处所在句指出了作者有这种想法的原因，即老队伍不仅没有教练，甚至都没有为这次比赛做准备。cheer for为…喝彩；prepare for为……做准备；help wih帮助；finish with以……结束。
6.A【解析】作者本以为自己的队伍能够取胜，但是令人失望的是最终失败了，所以作者无法相信（believe）自己会陷入这种境地。agree同意；describe描述；regret后悔，遗憾。
7.A【解析】句意：我认真考虑了一下，开始意识到我的队伍也许不是佐治亚州排名第一的队伍，但是他们在依靠着我。realize意识到；clam要求，声称；permit允许；demand要求。
8.C【解析】根据下文内容可知，这支队伍能否取胜要依靠作者，故depending on正确。react to对……做出反应；look for寻找；care about关心，担心。
9.B【解析】根据文章内容可知，作者开始认为他的队伍取胜是理所当然的，失败之后经过反思，采取了帮助队员建立自尊、把他们当作胜者、刻苦训练等措施，由此可推断此处为“我必须要改变对他们能力和潜力的态度”。由倒数第二段第一句中的the attitude of the leader也可知答案。
10.A【解析】 pride自豪，骄傲，自尊心；culture文化；fortune运气relationship关系。作者开始尽自己所能，帮助队员们建立自尊，故A项正确。
11.C【解析】作者要带领一支曾经失败过的队伍走出困境，最重要的是帮他们找回自信心，所以作者开始把他们当作胜者，故winners正确。根据倒数第二段第二句中的 Instead of seeing my boys as losers也可得知答案。
12.B【解析】作者将其他队伍和自己的队伍进行了对比，根据 we met every day..可知，其他队伍都在享受假期（vacations）时，作者的队伍却每天都集合训练。
13.D【解析】队伍集合进行训练，由此可知此处表示“练习（practiced）传球、踢球”。
14.A【解析】根据上文内容可知，作者的队伍曾经被打败过，由此可知选A。defeat失败；decline下降，衰退；accident事故；mistake错误。
15.B【解析】作者的队伍取得了两次胜利后继续提高（Improve），最终有了与州排名第一的队伍比赛的机会。relax放松；expand扩张；defend防卫，防御。
16.C【解析】上文提到作者将队员们当作胜者对待，并且队员们一直在获胜、提高，而且面对的是州排名第一的队伍，由此可推断此处表示“我认为即便我们输掉比赛，对我们而言也是一场胜利（victory）”
17.B【解析】队员们战胜了州排名第一的队伍，所以这是作者人生中最激动的事情之一。chance机会；thrill令人激动的事；concern关心；offer出价。
18.D【解析】根据上文内容可知，作者作为教练改变了态度，带领队伍获胜，由此可知，作者从这段经历中得知了教练的态度对队员的影响。Surprise使惊讶；serve服务；Interest使感兴趣；affect影响。
19.A【解析】结合语境可知，作者作为教练并没有把队员当作失败者对待，而是一直在鼓励（encouraged）他们。observe遵守，观察；protect保护；impress给……留下深刻印象。
20.D【解析】根据文章内容可知，作者帮助队员们改变了他们对自己的看法，虽然他们曾经输掉过比赛，但是没有把自己当作失败者，由此可知 differently（不同地）正确。honestly诚实地individually各自地；calmly冷静地。
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