人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册 学案Unit4 Adversity and Courage单元知识梳理学案（有答案）

Unit4 单元知识梳理
一、重点单词
1. qualify vt.使具备 资格→qualified adj.符合资格；具备的知识（或技能、学历等）→qualification n.资格；学历；资历
①具备……的学历/资历 ____________
②具备资历做某事;符合做某事的资格 ____________
③ All the students ____________（qualify） and interested are welcome to participate.
答案：① be qualified for ② be qualified to do sth. ③ qualified
2. enthusiasm n.热情，热忱→enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地
①对（做）某事感兴趣，对（做）某事热心 ____________
②热心的支持者 ____________
③热烈欢迎 ____________
④（非常）热情地 ____________
⑤充满热情 ____________
⑥Simon ____________（对科学感兴趣）and dreams of becoming a scientist all the time.
答案：① be/become enthusiastic about （doing） sth.② an enthusiastic supporter ③ an enthusiastic welcome ④ with （great） enthusiasm ⑤ full of enthusiasm
⑥ is enthusiastic about science
3. aboard adv. & prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
①上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车 ____________
②在飞机/船上 ____________
③欢迎乘坐！ ____________
④请大家上船/火车/公共汽车！ ____________
⑤出国 ____________
⑥国内外 ____________
答案：① go aboard ② be aboard the plane/ship ③ Welcome aboard!④ All aboard!⑤ go abroad ⑥ at home and abroad
4. assign vt分派；布置；分配→assignment n.（分派的）工作， 任务
①给某人分派某任务 ____________
②指派某人做某工作/担任某职务 ____________
③她已被派去担任新职务了。
____________________________________________________________
④ Never will the journalist forget his first ____________（assign）at the office of a popular English newspaper.
答案：① assign sth. to sb./assign sb. sth. ② assign sb. to/as sth.
③ She has been assigned to a new job. ④ assignment
5. envy n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌
①某人羡慕/妒忌的对象 ____________
②出于嫉妒 ____________
③羡慕地，妒忌地 ____________
④羡慕某人某事 ____________
⑤因某事而羡慕某人 ____________
答案：① the envy of sb.② out of envy ③ with envy ④ envy sb. sth.⑤ envy sb. for sth.
6. sink vi.（sank or sunk, sunk）沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉; 使沉没
①沉到……的底部____________
②落到……后面____________
③落日____________
④（一屁股）坐在椅子上____________
⑤沉落____________
⑥陷人贫困中____________
答案：① sink to the bottom of ② sink behind ③ the sinking sun
④ sink into a chair ⑤ sink down sink into poverty
7. abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的， 被抛弃的
①放弃做某事____________
②沉湎于（某种情感）____________
③ The game had ____________（abandon） due to bad weather.
④ He owned a farm，which looked almost ____________（abandon）.
⑤ Some middle school students ________________________（沉溺于电脑），which makes their parents worried.
答案：① abandon doing sth.② abandon oneself to ③ to be abandoned ④ abandoned ⑤ abandon themselves to computers
8. voyage n. & vi. 航海；航行
①环球航行____________
②出航途中/归航途中____________
③航天____________
④去航海（强调动作）____________
⑤在航海（强调状态）____________
⑥航海到……____________
答案：① an around-the-world voyage ② on the voyage out/home
③ a voyage in space ④ go on/make/take a voyage
⑤ be on a voyage ⑥ make/take a voyage to...
9. selfish adj.自私的→selfishly adv.自私地→selfless adj.无私的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地
①自私的行为____________
②某人做某事是自私的。____________
③ She was a wonderful companion and her generosity to me was entirely ____________（self）.
答案：① selfish behavior ② It is selfish of sb. to do sth. ③ selfless
10. persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求—perseverance n.毅力；韧性; 不屈不挠的精神
①坚持（做）某事____________
②孜孜不倦地做某事____________
③她以极大的决心和毅力全身心地帮助盲童。
________________________________________________, she devoted herself to
helping blind children.
答案：① persevere in （doing） sth.② persevere with sth.
③ With great determination and perseverance
11. resolve vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决心；坚定的信念→resolution n.决议；解决；坚定
①解决争端____________
②解决冲突____________
③解决问题____________
④他决定不告诉她真相。
____________________________________________________________
答案：① resolve a dispute ② resolve a conflict ③ resolve a problem ④ He resolved not to tell her the truth.
12. furniture n.家具→furnish vt.为……配备家具；提供→furnished adj.配备家具的
①一件家具____________
②配备着……____________
③配备齐全的房间____________
④向某人/某物提供……____________
答案：① a piece of/an item of furniture ② be furnished with...
③ a fully furnished room ④ furnish sb./sth. with...
13. unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的
①对某人来说不幸的是（作状语）____________
②做某事很不幸____________
③很遗憾____________
④幸运地做某____________
⑤在做某事方面很幸运____________
⑥（对某人来说）……是幸运的。____________
⑦海风极其有益，所以应当推荐那些住在海边的幸运儿沿着海滨散步。
The sea breezes are highly beneficial，so a walk along the seashore is recommendable to those ________________________ by the sea.
答案：① unfortunately for sb.② be unfortunate to do sth.
③ It is unfortunate that...④ be fortunate to do sth.
⑤ be/feel fortunate in doing sth. ⑥ It is fortunate （for sb.） that...⑦ who are so fortunate as to live
14. guide vt. 指导，影响n.旅游指南；导游→guidance n.指导; 引导；导航
①在……的指导下____________
②寻求指导____________
③在包括她丈夫在内的几位著名教练的指导下，她进步迅速。
________________________________________________, including her husband，she has been making achievements rapidly.
答案： ① under one’s guidance/under the guidance of ② look for guidance ③ Under the guidance of some famous coaches
15. loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的
①忠实的朋友/支持者____________
②对某人忠诚____________
③她总是信守自己的政治原则。____________
She has always ____________________________________.
答案：① a loyal friend/supporter ② be loyal to sb. ③ remained loyal to her political principles
mit v.犯（罪或错等）;承诺，保证→commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献
①对……作出承诺____________
②犯错____________
③如果你想投身新闻行业，你一定会成为一名成功的记者。
________________________________________________, you are bound to become a successful journalist.
答案：① make a commitment to sb.② commit an error
③ If you are to be committed to the journalism field
二、重点短语
1. turn down sb.拒绝某人
①We ______________________________________（已经拒绝了四位申请者）.
②无论什么时候有困难，你都可以向我们求助。
Whenever you are in trouble, you can ___________________ us.
③不用担心，我相信你丢失的眼镜早晚会出现的。
Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will ___________________ sooner or later.
答案：① have already turned down four applicants ② turn to ③ turn up
2. make fire 生火
①放火烧___________________
②着火（表示动作）___________________
③着火（表示状态）___________________
④纵火/点火烧某物___________________
⑤他扫视了一下对面的房子，发现它着火了。
He glanced through the opposite house and ___________________.
答案：① set fire to ② catch fire ③ be on fire ④ set sth. on fire ⑤ found it was on fire
3. give off放出（热、光、气味或气体）
①泄露;暴露;捐赠___________________
②归还，送回___________________
③（向……）投降，屈服，让步___________________
④放弃（做）___________________
⑤发出（光、热、信号等）；分发;耗尽，用光___________________
⑥许多花朵都会散发出香味。
_____________________________________________________________________
答案：① give away ② give back ③ give in （to）④ give up （doing） ⑤ give out ⑥ Many flowers give off a nice smell.
三、重点句式
1. 完全倒装
教材原句
①以下是布莱克博罗日记中的一部分。
___________________ of Blackborow’s diary entries.
②“坚持住，珀西。你可不要变成另一个汤姆。”有人答道。 “Hold on now, Perce. Don’t you go turning into another Tom” ____________________________________.
句式仿写
③在这些书中我最喜爱的是故事书。
___________________ my favourite storybook.
④传来了他当选州长的消息。
___________________ he was elected as governor.
答案：①Below are some ② came the reply
③ Among the books is ④ Then came the news that
2. as long as引导条件状语从句
教材原句
①只要坚持不懈，你最终会走向成功。
_________________________________________________________
句式仿写
②只要你坚持练习，你会发现剪纸没有那么难。
_________________________________________________________
答案：① It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.② You won’t find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.
3. What if... 如果……会怎么样呢？
教材原句
①如果他们被耽搁了，那怎么办？
_________________________________________________________
句式仿写
②要是老师发现你没完成家庭作业会怎么样呢
_________________________________________________________
答案：① What if they were delayed ② What if the teacher finds out that you haven’t finished your homework
4. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
教材原句
①要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。
_________________________________________________________
句式仿写
②如果牛顿生活在现在，他会吃惊于科技领域的发现。
If Newton ___________________, he ___________________ what has been discovered in science and technology.
答案：① If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
② lived today, would be surprised by
5. such...that引导结果状语从句
教材原句
①最终获救时，我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水。
When we were finally rescued, we ______________________________________.
句式仿写
②中秋节是一个非常重要而又有吸引力的节日，大家每年都盼望着它的到来。
Mid-Autumn Festival is _______________________________________________.
答案：① felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears ② such an important and appealing festival that everyone looks forward to it every year
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