中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点08 阅读理解之词句猜测
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
中考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。
1. 抓好限时训练
通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种：
（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。
（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
（3）文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，并在原文中划出答案出处，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的中考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
中考英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法
（一）说明文exposition: 说明文用平时的语言客观的解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例（by giving examples）、分类法(by classification)或类比(by analogy生僻)、对比法(by contrast)。给事物下定义(definition)或分析(analysis)事物产生的原因以及后果(cause and effect)。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似；对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物的原因及结果。其实，除了文字说明外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论使用哪种说明方法，作者都是为了说明对象的本质特征。
Key:抓事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
（二）议论文argumentation: 议论文是说理性的文章。由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。阅读时，抓住论题和观点就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间，以及它们和论点之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。Key: 抓论点。
（三）应用文practical writing:措辞简洁明了，直截了当。是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是向读者传递信息。阅读这类文章要注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。Key: 抓信息。
（四）记叙文description:记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情经过，包括人物的故事情节，文章内容涉及何人何时何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等。这是我们在阅读记叙文首先要了解的，接着按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，就能理解这个故事。记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种。文章有时会从最重要、最引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述事情的开端和经过。另外：讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等。在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节要重点关注。Key: 抓住故事情节，理清文中脉络。
A
（2023·天津·统考一模）
My parents seldom encouraged me to ask for help, so I trained myself to become as independent ( 独立的) as possible. I thought if I asked for help, I would be a problem to other people.
A few years ago, I was on a trip. In order to save money, I planned to stay in a stranger’s house as a couchsurfer ( 沙发客). When I arrived at the host family ( 寄宿家庭), it was rainy. It was also very cold.
My host was very friendly. She gave me a warm welcome and offered me a hot meal. After the meal, she invited me to go on a walk with her around her city. At that time, I didn’t even have the right shoes for the bad weather. I wanted to ask her whether she had any shoes for me. But I didn’t want to trouble her. Finally, I said nothing.
It was really cold outside, and the heavy rain made my shoes wet. When we got home three hours later, I had lost all feelings in my feet. That night, I had a bad cold. That was all because I couldn’t ask for help. In fact, it was very easy.
From that day on, I tried hard to get through my fear of asking. It has taken me a long time. From my experience, I have discovered that people are always happy to offer help. And I have realized that asking for help is not a sign of weakness. Asking gives you the chance to discover the kindness of others.
1．In the writer’s opinion, the host was _________.
A．smart B．awful
C．friendly D．interesting
2．What was the weather like when they took a walk around the city
A．Cold and rainy. B．Warm and sunny.
C．Cold and snowy. D．Cool and cloudy.
3．Why did the writer say nothing in the end
A．Because the host didn’t treat her well.
B．Because she didn’t want to trouble the host.
C．Because the host didn’t have any good shoes for her.
D．Because she didn’t want to be independent any more.
4．What does “it” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Having a fever. B．Being independent.
C．Asking for help. D．Offering help to others.
5．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Asking for help may give you a chance to help others.
B．For the writer, asking for help is always a sign of happiness.
C．The writer discovered that people hated offering help to others.
D．Asking for help gives you the chance to discover the kindness of others.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述作者在寄宿家庭的时候，主人邀请他在很冷的下雨天出去散步，作者没有合适的鞋子但是又不想麻烦主人，后来感冒的经历。作者由此觉得向别人寻求帮助不是弱的表现，寻求帮助是一次发现他人的善意的机会。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“My host was very friendly”主人很友好。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“it was rainy. It was also very cold”以及倒数第二段“It was really cold outside, and the heavy rain made my shoes wet”可知天气很冷有大雨。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“I didn’t want to trouble her. Finally, I said nothing”她不想麻烦主人所以什么也没说。故选B。
4．词义猜测题。根据第四段“That was all because I couldn’t ask for help. In fact, it was very easy”可知it指的是ask for help请求帮助是很容易的事。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一句“Asking gives you the chance to discover the kindness of others”向别人寻求帮助是一次发现他人的善意的机会D选项表述正确；A选项的“a chance to help others”表述错误；根据“asking for help is not a sign of weakness”可知B选项表述错误；根据“people are always happy to offer help”可知C选项表述错误。故选D。
B
（2023·江西·统考一模）
As an English, I can speak three languages—English, German and French, so do you think the British people are very good language learners The fact is that they aren’t.
Some statistics (数据) from the survey done by the European Commission (欧盟委员会) showed that 62% of the British people only speak English. 38% speak at least one foreign language and 18% speak two or pared with the British people, 56% of the people in other European countries speak at least one foreign language and 28% speak two or more. From this you can see that the British people are famous for not speaking foreign languages and that they are not good language learners in Europe.
And the survey also showed that English is the most widely-spoken foreign language. Many European people can have a conversation in English. That’s why my people don’t think it is necessary to learn a foreign language.
In Britain, students are not required to learn a foreign language. That means learning a foreign language is only an option at school. In UK schools it is common for children to start learning a foreign language at 11 and many of them give it up at 14. So why don’t students continue learning foreign languages at school Because they think it is more difficult to get good marks in languages than in other subjects such as science or history.
To solve this situation, the British government is looking for different ways to improve language learning at school. One way is to start learning it at a much younger age. Another one is to give school children more choices.
Changing the British attitude (态度) to learning foreign languages may be a hard task but the government decides to try!
6．Which country does the writer come from
A．America. . B．China. . C．Britain. . D．Egypt.
7．Which of the following about the British people is true
A．They are good language learners.
B．62% of them speak two or more languages.
C．They are famous for speaking foreign languages.
D．More than half of them only speak English.
8．According to the passage, students in Britain prefer to learn _____.
A．science or German . B．history or German
C．science or history . D．German or French
9．In Paragraph 4, “an option” means _____.
A．a choice . B．a game . C．a mistake . D．a conversation
10．What is the best title of the passage
A．Speaking English . B．Foreign Language Learning in UK
C．Schools in UK . D．Young English Learners
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B
【分析】本文是议论文。文章从一份调查结果的分析开始，介绍了英国的学生并不强制学外语；文章最后指出：改变英国人学外语的态度是一项艰巨的任务，但政府决定去尝试了。
6．句意：作者来自哪个国家？细节理解题。 A. America.美国；B. China.中国；C. Britain.英国；D. Egypt.埃及。由文章第一段第一行“As an English”可知作者是一个英国人。故选C。
7．句意：关于英国人下面哪一个是正确的？细节理解题。A. They are good language learners. 他们是好的语言学习者；B. 62% of them speak two or more languages. 他们中的百分之六十二说两种或更多种语言；C. They are famous for speaking foreign languages. 他们以说外语而著名；
D. More than half of them only speak English.他们中超过半数只说英语。根据文章第二段第二行“62% of the British people only speak English”可知超过一半的人只说英语。故选D。
8．句意：根据短文，英国的学生更喜欢学习______________。推理判断题。A. science or German 科学或德语；B. history or German历史或德语；C. science or history科学或历史；D. German or French德语或法语。根据文章第四段中的“Because they think it is more difficult to get good marks in languages than in other subjects such as science or history.”可知他们认为在语言学科上去的好成绩比像科学和历史这样的学科更难，可判断出他们更喜欢科学和历史。故选C。
9．句意：在第四段中，“an option”是什么意思？猜测词义题。A. a choice 选择；B. a game 比赛，游戏；C. a mistake错误；D. a conversation对话。由文章第四段中的“In Britain, students are not required to learn a foreign language. That means learning a foreign language is only an option at school.”可知在英国，学生并不强制学习外语。这意味着学习外语只是一种选择。故选A。
10．句意：这篇文章最好的题目是什么？主旨大意题。A. Speaking English .说英语；B. Foreign Language Learning in UK英国的外语学习；C. Schools in UK .英国的学校；D. Young English Learners年轻的英语学习者。由文章第一段中的“do you think the British people are very good language learners ”和最后一段中的“Changing the British attitude(态度) to learning foreign languages may be a hard task but the government decides to try!”主要围绕英国人学习外语的介绍和态度展开，且每一段中都出现了foreign language的关键词。故选B。
C
（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）
Eddie Earle is 14 and he loves chocolate very much. He eats a bar(条)a day as well as chocolate biscuits and chocolate cake. He knows it’s not healthy to eat so much chocolate. So he decided to take a challenge: live for seven days without eating chocolate. Eddie made these notes during his challenge:
Day 1
I watched a film today. Usually I have a big bag of Maltesers when I watch a film. I knew I couldn’t because of the challenge, but I didn’t feel so bad. Maybe I will succeed!
Day 3
Help! I need a snack! There’s nothing in the cupboards(橱柜). What's in the fridge Ah, strawberries! We don’t normally eat strawberries, but Mom has bought some for me because of the challenge.
Day 5
Today I went to football training. I always have chocolate cake after training, but today I had fruit instead. I’m proud of myself!
Day 6
Disaster(灾难)! My cousin gave me a sweet. It was in my mouth before I realized it was chocolate! I had to spit it out(吐出来).
11．Eddie decided to challenge himself to eat ________ .
A．only one fruit a day B．no snacks for a week
C．no chocolate for a week D．no strawberries for a week
12．The underline word Maltesers in the part of Day 1 may be ________ .
A．a film B．a snack C．a football D．a bag
13．The strawberries were ________ .
A．bought by Eddie himself B．put in the cupboard
C．bought by his cousin D．put in the fridge
14．How did Eddie feel on Day 5
A．Sad. B．Relaxed. C．Proud. D．angry.
15．What happened on Day 6
A．Eddie and his cousin fought. B．Eddie got hurt in the football training.
C．Eddie was happy to eat chocolate. D．Eddie ate chocolate by accident.
【答案】11．C 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Eddie Earle对自己进行的为期七天不吃巧克力的挑战。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“So he decided to take a challenge: live for seven days without eating chocolate”可知，Eddie的挑战是七天不吃巧克力，故选C。
12．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“Usually I have a big bag of Maltesers when I watch a film”“当我看电影时，我通常吃一大包Maltesers”可推知，Maltesers是“零食”的意思，故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“What's in the fridge Ah, strawberries!”可知，草莓在冰箱里，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“I always have chocolate cake after training, but today I had fruit instead. I'm proud of myself!”可知，第五天因为没有吃巧克力而骄傲，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“My cousin gave me a sweet. It was in my mouth before I realized it was chocolate”可知，Eddie偶然吃到了巧克力，故选D。
D
（2022·福建泉州·统考模拟预测）
Get ready! Six, five, four, three, two, one, blast off（发射）! With the last words, five rockets flew up into the sky.
These were not real rockets taking off, though. They were model rockets made by students from Beijing No. 65 Middle School. Using the science knowledge they had learned in class, the students built the rockets all by themselves.
Last week, students from different schools in Beijing came to No. 65 Middle School to show off their good work at the opening of “Love Science Month”. It runs from the middle of October to mid-November.
Besides rockets, students also showed off robots, model cars and other machines they had made.
“Love Science Month” is very popular, for students can learn and have fun at the same time.
On Monday, students from No. 35 Middle School saw some real airplanes at Beijing Avi-ation Museum（北京航空博物馆）. They were very excited.
“I have seen the biggest plane here and the one that flies highest,” said junior student Zhong Zhenping. “I have learned a lot about planes here. I will study hard and become a pilot when I grow up,” he said. There will be many other interesting science activities this month. Students will study space and the history of spaceflight, and also take part in competitions.
These will include making models of buildings, cars and planes.
Tu Yuanhua, a teacher from Dongcheng Student Science and Technology Center said, “The spaceship has made students more interested in science. Through ‘Love Science Month’, they are learning a lot about it.”
16．How many rockets flew up into the sky
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
17．The students from Beijing No. 65 Middle School made ______.
A．ground-to-air rockets B．Houston Rockets
C．real rockets D．model rockets
18．What does the underlined “runs” mean in Chinese in the passage
A．跑步 B．持续 C．流动 D．驾驶
19．Zhong Zhenping wants to be ______ in the future.
A．a teacher B．a scientist C．a pilot D．a spaceman
20．What is the best title for the passage
A．Love Science Month B．The Students and Their Rockets
C．Beijing Aviation Museum D．Chang’e 5
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．A
【分析】文章介绍了“热爱科学月”北京各个学校举行的不同的科技活动。
16．细节理解题。根据“Get ready! Six, five, four, three, two, one, blast off（发射）! With the last words, five rockets flew up into the sky.”可知，是五艘火箭发射到天空，故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据“These were not real rockets taking off, though. They were model rockets made by students from Beijing No. 65 Middle School.”可知，这些是北京第65中学的学生们制作的火箭模型，故选D。
18．词义猜测题。根据“It runs from the middle of October to mid-November.”可知，热爱科学月从10月中旬到11月中旬，所以runs指的是“持续”，故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据“said junior student Zhong Zhenping. “I have learned a lot about planes here. I will study hard and become a pilot when I grow up,” he said.”可知，钟镇平长大想成为飞行员，故选C。
20．最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍在热爱科学月，北京几所学校举行的不同的科技活动，主要是围绕科学月展开的，故A选项做标题合适，故选A。
E
（2022·江苏盐城·校考三模）
Mr. and Mrs. March lived together with their four daughters. Amy was very shy. Beth loved being at home. Meg looked very pretty. Jo was tall and thin and she was a tomboy. Their home was always busy and full of noise and people. Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. They lived in a very large and comfortable house. But it was a house without life.
One day, Joe saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house and looking down at their garden. Jo’s sisters were playing in the snow there. They were throwing snowballs and having a lot of fun. But Laurie’s face was very sad.
“Poor boy!” Jo thought. “He’s all alone. He needs some friends.” She couldn’t stop thinking about him. She wanted to go and see him, but how could she go to the house without an invitation
Then one snowy afternoon, she saw Laurie’s grandpa go out. This gave her an idea. She took a broom from the kitchen.
“What are you going to do, Jo ” asked her sister Meg.
“To clear the garden path.” Answered Jo.
When Laurie saw Jo from the window, a big smile changed his pale, sad face.
Jo laughed and shouted, ”How are you Are you ill ”
Laurie opened the window and said,” I’m better now, thank you. I had a bad cold and had to stay inside for a week”.
“I’m sorry,” said Jo. “Are you bored ”
“Yes, very.” he replied.
“Don’t your friends come to visit you ”
“No. But I don’t want to see anybody. Boys are noisy and they give me a headache.”
“Girls are quiet.”
“I don’t know any girls.”
“You know us.”
“That’s true! Can you come and visit me ” cried Laurie.
“ I’m not quiet, but I’d like to come,” replied Jo. “I must ask Mother first.” She ran back into her house.
A few minutes later, she returned and rang the bell on the door of laurie’s house. A servane took her upstairs.
“Here I am!” she said brightly. “Mother sends her love and my sisters gave me this blancmange (牛奶冻) for you.”
“That looks delicious,” Laurie said. He was very happy to see Jo.
Jo looked around. There were lots of books on the shelves.
“A nice room!” she said. “I can read to you if you like.”
“No, let’s talk,” replied Laurie.
“All right,” said Jo, “I can talk for hours. My sisters say I never know when to stop.”
“You have three sisters-Amy, Beth and Meg.” Laurie continued.
“How do you know this ” Jo was surprised.
“You call each other’s names when you are in the garden. Sometimes I can see you all around the table with your mother. She has a very kind face. I like looking at her. I haven’t got a mother.”
Jo felt sad when she heard this.
“Why don’t you come and visit us ” she said, “It isn’t good for you to stay in this house all the time.”
“Thank you. I’d like to come very much.” Said Laurie.
“We know all our neighbours except you.” Jo said, “ I’m glad we’re friends now.”
She told him about all the interesting things in her life. She said, “Besides (除了……之外) plays, I also love books.” Laurie loved books too, and offered to show her the library in the house. The library was a wonderful room. Jo loved it.
“Wow!” she said, “All those books!”
Laurie said, “A person needs more than books.”
21．From the first paragraph, we know _________.
A．Jo’s family had five members B．Jo ad Laurie were neighbours
C．Laurie and his grandpa were busy D．the four sisters had the same hobby
22．Jo wanted to visit Laurie because __________.
A．she wanted to visit his large house
B．Laurie invited her to play with snowballs
C．she felt he was lonely and needed friends
D．Laurie was seriously ill and needed her care
23．What might be the correct order of what happened in the story
a. Jo saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house.
b. Jo and Laurie were having a talk happily at Laurie’s home.
c. Jo want to Laurie’s home after telling her mother.
d. Jo couldn’t stop thinking about Laurie.
A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-c-d C．b-d-a-c D．a-d-c-b
24．Which words can best describe Jo and her sisters
A．Kind and friendly. B．Generous but rude.
C．Quiet and smart. D．Funny but carless.
25．What does Laurie mean by saying “A person needs more than books.”
A．People need to stay in their own houses.
B．People should learn much more from the books.
C．People need love and friendship besides books.
D．People should relax themselves besides reading
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．C
【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲了Jo和家人生活在一个幸福的家庭，家里有三个姐姐，而她邻居家的男孩Laurie和爷爷生活在一起，有一天Jo看到Laurie，觉得他很孤单，于是想办法去他家做客并和他成为朋友的故事。
21．细节理解题。根据“Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie.”可知，Jo和Laurie是邻居，故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据““Poor boy!” Jo thought. “He’s all alone. He needs some friends.” She couldn’t stop thinking about him.”可知，她觉得Laurie很孤独，需要朋友，故选C。
23．理解排序题。根据“One day, Joe saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house and looking down at their garden.”一天，乔看到Laurie站在楼上的窗户上，俯视着他们的花园。“She couldn’t stop thinking about him.”她不停地想着他。““I must ask Mother first.” She ran back into her house.A few minutes later, she returned and rang the bell on the door of laurie’s house.”我必须先问问妈妈。她跑回自己的房子。几分钟后，她回来了，按了按Laurie家门口的门铃。“I’m glad we’re friends now.”我很高兴我们现在是朋友了。可知顺序是a-d-c-b，故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据““Poor boy!” Jo thought. “He’s all alone. He needs some friends.””以及““Here I am!” she said brightly. “Mother sends her love and my sisters gave me this blancmange (牛奶冻) for you.””可以判断出她们非常友好而且很友善，故选A。
25．词句猜测题。根据“Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. They lived in a very large and comfortable house. But it was a house without life.”和““Poor boy!” Jo thought. “He’s all alone. He needs some friends.””以及““Thank you. I’d like to come very much.” Said Laurie.”可判断他这句话的意思是除了书籍还需要爱和友谊，故选C。
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热点08 阅读理解之词句猜测
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
中考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。
1. 抓好限时训练
通过限时训练可以有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。
2. 养成良好的阅读习惯
在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。
3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧
常见的阅读方法有三种：
（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。
（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。
（3）文——题——文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，并在原文中划出答案出处，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文——题——文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。
4. 积累文化背景知识
英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。
5. 注重长难句的理解
近几年的中考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。
英语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。
中考英语不同体裁文章的阅读方法
（一）说明文exposition: 说明文用平时的语言客观的解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例（by giving examples）、分类法(by classification)或类比(by analogy生僻)、对比法(by contrast)。给事物下定义(definition)或分析(analysis)事物产生的原因以及后果(cause and effect)。举例说明使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；分解展开法着重于事物的区别、差异；分类展开法强调事物的相似之处；类比说明事物如何相似；对比说明事物如何不同；因果说明文表明事物的原因及结果。其实，除了文字说明外，说明文中常常使用数据、图片等资料。无论使用哪种说明方法，作者都是为了说明对象的本质特征。
Key:抓事物特点，即抓住说明对象的本质特征。
（二）议论文argumentation: 议论文是说理性的文章。由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。阅读时，抓住论题和观点就把握了中心，再结合诸多事例和理由之间，以及它们和论点之间的内在联系，我们就能理解文章的结构。Key: 抓论点。
（三）应用文practical writing:措辞简洁明了，直截了当。是一种使用范围比较广泛的文体，目的是向读者传递信息。阅读这类文章要注意细节信息，做题时根据所提问题用寻读，跳读的方法更有效。Key: 抓信息。
（四）记叙文description:记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来的事情经过，包括人物的故事情节，文章内容涉及何人何时何地、为什么、怎么样、干了何事等。这是我们在阅读记叙文首先要了解的，接着按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉，就能理解这个故事。记叙文的叙事顺序有顺序和倒叙两种。文章有时会从最重要、最引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追述事情的开端和经过。另外：讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等。在阅读时要通过作者对重要细节的描写，联系故事情节去领会作者意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节要重点关注。Key: 抓住故事情节，理清文中脉络。
A
（2023·天津·统考一模）
My parents seldom encouraged me to ask for help, so I trained myself to become as independent ( 独立的) as possible. I thought if I asked for help, I would be a problem to other people.
A few years ago, I was on a trip. In order to save money, I planned to stay in a stranger’s house as a couchsurfer ( 沙发客). When I arrived at the host family ( 寄宿家庭), it was rainy. It was also very cold.
My host was very friendly. She gave me a warm welcome and offered me a hot meal. After the meal, she invited me to go on a walk with her around her city. At that time, I didn’t even have the right shoes for the bad weather. I wanted to ask her whether she had any shoes for me. But I didn’t want to trouble her. Finally, I said nothing.
It was really cold outside, and the heavy rain made my shoes wet. When we got home three hours later, I had lost all feelings in my feet. That night, I had a bad cold. That was all because I couldn’t ask for help. In fact, it was very easy.
From that day on, I tried hard to get through my fear of asking. It has taken me a long time. From my experience, I have discovered that people are always happy to offer help. And I have realized that asking for help is not a sign of weakness. Asking gives you the chance to discover the kindness of others.
1．In the writer’s opinion, the host was _________.
A．smart B．awful
C．friendly D．interesting
2．What was the weather like when they took a walk around the city
A．Cold and rainy. B．Warm and sunny.
C．Cold and snowy. D．Cool and cloudy.
3．Why did the writer say nothing in the end
A．Because the host didn’t treat her well.
B．Because she didn’t want to trouble the host.
C．Because the host didn’t have any good shoes for her.
D．Because she didn’t want to be independent any more.
4．What does “it” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Having a fever. B．Being independent.
C．Asking for help. D．Offering help to others.
5．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Asking for help may give you a chance to help others.
B．For the writer, asking for help is always a sign of happiness.
C．The writer discovered that people hated offering help to others.
D．Asking for help gives you the chance to discover the kindness of others.
B
（2023·江西·统考一模）
As an English, I can speak three languages—English, German and French, so do you think the British people are very good language learners The fact is that they aren’t.
Some statistics (数据) from the survey done by the European Commission (欧盟委员会) showed that 62% of the British people only speak English. 38% speak at least one foreign language and 18% speak two or pared with the British people, 56% of the people in other European countries speak at least one foreign language and 28% speak two or more. From this you can see that the British people are famous for not speaking foreign languages and that they are not good language learners in Europe.
And the survey also showed that English is the most widely-spoken foreign language. Many European people can have a conversation in English. That’s why my people don’t think it is necessary to learn a foreign language.
In Britain, students are not required to learn a foreign language. That means learning a foreign language is only an option at school. In UK schools it is common for children to start learning a foreign language at 11 and many of them give it up at 14. So why don’t students continue learning foreign languages at school Because they think it is more difficult to get good marks in languages than in other subjects such as science or history.
To solve this situation, the British government is looking for different ways to improve language learning at school. One way is to start learning it at a much younger age. Another one is to give school children more choices.
Changing the British attitude (态度) to learning foreign languages may be a hard task but the government decides to try!
6．Which country does the writer come from
A．America. . B．China. . C．Britain. . D．Egypt.
7．Which of the following about the British people is true
A．They are good language learners.
B．62% of them speak two or more languages.
C．They are famous for speaking foreign languages.
D．More than half of them only speak English.
8．According to the passage, students in Britain prefer to learn _____.
A．science or German . B．history or German
C．science or history . D．German or French
9．In Paragraph 4, “an option” means _____.
A．a choice . B．a game . C．a mistake . D．a conversation
10．What is the best title of the passage
A．Speaking English . B．Foreign Language Learning in UK
C．Schools in UK . D．Young English Learners
C
（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）
Eddie Earle is 14 and he loves chocolate very much. He eats a bar(条)a day as well as chocolate biscuits and chocolate cake. He knows it’s not healthy to eat so much chocolate. So he decided to take a challenge: live for seven days without eating chocolate. Eddie made these notes during his challenge:
Day 1
I watched a film today. Usually I have a big bag of Maltesers when I watch a film. I knew I couldn’t because of the challenge, but I didn’t feel so bad. Maybe I will succeed!
Day 3
Help! I need a snack! There’s nothing in the cupboards(橱柜). What's in the fridge Ah, strawberries! We don’t normally eat strawberries, but Mom has bought some for me because of the challenge.
Day 5
Today I went to football training. I always have chocolate cake after training, but today I had fruit instead. I’m proud of myself!
Day 6
Disaster(灾难)! My cousin gave me a sweet. It was in my mouth before I realized it was chocolate! I had to spit it out(吐出来).
11．Eddie decided to challenge himself to eat ________ .
A．only one fruit a day B．no snacks for a week
C．no chocolate for a week D．no strawberries for a week
12．The underline word Maltesers in the part of Day 1 may be ________ .
A．a film B．a snack C．a football D．a bag
13．The strawberries were ________ .
A．bought by Eddie himself B．put in the cupboard
C．bought by his cousin D．put in the fridge
14．How did Eddie feel on Day 5
A．Sad. B．Relaxed. C．Proud. D．angry.
15．What happened on Day 6
A．Eddie and his cousin fought. B．Eddie got hurt in the football training.
C．Eddie was happy to eat chocolate. D．Eddie ate chocolate by accident.
D
（2022·福建泉州·统考模拟预测）
Get ready! Six, five, four, three, two, one, blast off（发射）! With the last words, five rockets flew up into the sky.
These were not real rockets taking off, though. They were model rockets made by students from Beijing No. 65 Middle School. Using the science knowledge they had learned in class, the students built the rockets all by themselves.
Last week, students from different schools in Beijing came to No. 65 Middle School to show off their good work at the opening of “Love Science Month”. It runs from the middle of October to mid-November.
Besides rockets, students also showed off robots, model cars and other machines they had made.
“Love Science Month” is very popular, for students can learn and have fun at the same time.
On Monday, students from No. 35 Middle School saw some real airplanes at Beijing Avi-ation Museum（北京航空博物馆）. They were very excited.
“I have seen the biggest plane here and the one that flies highest,” said junior student Zhong Zhenping. “I have learned a lot about planes here. I will study hard and become a pilot when I grow up,” he said. There will be many other interesting science activities this month. Students will study space and the history of spaceflight, and also take part in competitions.
These will include making models of buildings, cars and planes.
Tu Yuanhua, a teacher from Dongcheng Student Science and Technology Center said, “The spaceship has made students more interested in science. Through ‘Love Science Month’, they are learning a lot about it.”
16．How many rockets flew up into the sky
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
17．The students from Beijing No. 65 Middle School made ______.
A．ground-to-air rockets B．Houston Rockets
C．real rockets D．model rockets
18．What does the underlined “runs” mean in Chinese in the passage
A．跑步 B．持续 C．流动 D．驾驶
19．Zhong Zhenping wants to be ______ in the future.
A．a teacher B．a scientist C．a pilot D．a spaceman
20．What is the best title for the passage
A．Love Science Month B．The Students and Their Rockets
C．Beijing Aviation Museum D．Chang’e 5
E
（2022·江苏盐城·校考三模）
Mr. and Mrs. March lived together with their four daughters. Amy was very shy. Beth loved being at home. Meg looked very pretty. Jo was tall and thin and she was a tomboy. Their home was always busy and full of noise and people. Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. They lived in a very large and comfortable house. But it was a house without life.
One day, Joe saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house and looking down at their garden. Jo’s sisters were playing in the snow there. They were throwing snowballs and having a lot of fun. But Laurie’s face was very sad.
“Poor boy!” Jo thought. “He’s all alone. He needs some friends.” She couldn’t stop thinking about him. She wanted to go and see him, but how could she go to the house without an invitation
Then one snowy afternoon, she saw Laurie’s grandpa go out. This gave her an idea. She took a broom from the kitchen.
“What are you going to do, Jo ” asked her sister Meg.
“To clear the garden path.” Answered Jo.
When Laurie saw Jo from the window, a big smile changed his pale, sad face.
Jo laughed and shouted, ”How are you Are you ill ”
Laurie opened the window and said,” I’m better now, thank you. I had a bad cold and had to stay inside for a week”.
“I’m sorry,” said Jo. “Are you bored ”
“Yes, very.” he replied.
“Don’t your friends come to visit you ”
“No. But I don’t want to see anybody. Boys are noisy and they give me a headache.”
“Girls are quiet.”
“I don’t know any girls.”
“You know us.”
“That’s true! Can you come and visit me ” cried Laurie.
“ I’m not quiet, but I’d like to come,” replied Jo. “I must ask Mother first.” She ran back into her house.
A few minutes later, she returned and rang the bell on the door of laurie’s house. A servane took her upstairs.
“Here I am!” she said brightly. “Mother sends her love and my sisters gave me this blancmange (牛奶冻) for you.”
“That looks delicious,” Laurie said. He was very happy to see Jo.
Jo looked around. There were lots of books on the shelves.
“A nice room!” she said. “I can read to you if you like.”
“No, let’s talk,” replied Laurie.
“All right,” said Jo, “I can talk for hours. My sisters say I never know when to stop.”
“You have three sisters-Amy, Beth and Meg.” Laurie continued.
“How do you know this ” Jo was surprised.
“You call each other’s names when you are in the garden. Sometimes I can see you all around the table with your mother. She has a very kind face. I like looking at her. I haven’t got a mother.”
Jo felt sad when she heard this.
“Why don’t you come and visit us ” she said, “It isn’t good for you to stay in this house all the time.”
“Thank you. I’d like to come very much.” Said Laurie.
“We know all our neighbours except you.” Jo said, “ I’m glad we’re friends now.”
She told him about all the interesting things in her life. She said, “Besides (除了……之外) plays, I also love books.” Laurie loved books too, and offered to show her the library in the house. The library was a wonderful room. Jo loved it.
“Wow!” she said, “All those books!”
Laurie said, “A person needs more than books.”
21．From the first paragraph, we know _________.
A．Jo’s family had five members B．Jo ad Laurie were neighbours
C．Laurie and his grandpa were busy D．the four sisters had the same hobby
22．Jo wanted to visit Laurie because __________.
A．she wanted to visit his large house
B．Laurie invited her to play with snowballs
C．she felt he was lonely and needed friends
D．Laurie was seriously ill and needed her care
23．What might be the correct order of what happened in the story
a. Jo saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house.
b. Jo and Laurie were having a talk happily at Laurie’s home.
c. Jo want to Laurie’s home after telling her mother.
d. Jo couldn’t stop thinking about Laurie.
A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-c-d C．b-d-a-c D．a-d-c-b
24．Which words can best describe Jo and her sisters
A．Kind and friendly. B．Generous but rude.
C．Quiet and smart. D．Funny but carless.
25．What does Laurie mean by saying “A person needs more than books.”
A．People need to stay in their own houses.
B．People should learn much more from the books.
C．People need love and friendship besides books.
D．People should relax themselves besides reading
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