人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit2 Iconic Attractions 单元考点突破学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit2 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. foundation n．创建；基础；地基
【原句再现】
The foundation of Australia (教材原句P14 )
【词块积累】
the foundation of the first university第一所大学的创办
a founding member/father 创办人之一，元勋
founder n创建者; 创始人
foundation n.建立；创办；基础；基本原则；根据；地基; 房基; 基金会
lay the foundation for…..给……打下基础；为……奠定基础
without foundation 无根据的
found vt. 创办，创立，创建
found sth. on / upon…建立在…之上
【精品例句】
Harvard University, founded in 1636, is the oldest university in the United States.
创办于1636年的哈佛大学是美国最古老的大学
The town was founded by English settlers in 1790.
这座城镇是英国 移民于1790年建造的
The house is founded on rock. 那房子建在岩石上
The hospital was founded on a donation fund. 这所医院是用捐赠基金建造的
The foundation of every state is its education of its youth.
对青年人的教育是每个国家的根本
How long will it take to finish digging the foundations 挖好地基需要多久
【高考链接】
__________ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.（福建卷）(Founded)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
His _______ (found) provides money for schools. (foundation)
2. impression. n.印象；感想
【原句再现】
Whatever makes an impression on the heart seems lovely in the eye. (教材P13)
【词块积累】
impress. vt.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象 vi.留下印象；引人注目
have/leave/make a(n)...impression on/upon sb. 给某人留下……的印象
impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人对某事印象深刻
sb. be impressed by/with ...为……所感动；对……有印象
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到某事的重要性
impressive. adj. 给人印象深的；令人赞叹的
【精品例句】
He wishes his book to make a good impression on all the readers.
他希望他的书能给所有读者留下深刻印象
We were so impressed by what he said and what he did.他的言行让我们感动
The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon us
老师让我们意识到英语的重要性
The boy was very impressive in the speech contest. 他在演讲比赛中表现很出色
【高考链接】
My first ____ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.（山东卷）
A. expression B. attention C. satisfaction D. impression （D）
What was so ____ about Jasmine Westland’s Victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed. （湖北卷）
A. awful B. essential C. impressive D. obvious （C）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The teachers were very impressed ______ your performance in the exam. (with/by)
Her words are strongly impressed ______ my memory. (on)
3. base v. 以……为基础; n. 基地，总部
【原句再现】
What is your impression of Australia based on your experience and/or what you have seen in the media (教材P14)
【词块积累】
revolutionary bases革命根据地
basis n. 基础，根据
basic adj. 基础的，基本的
on the basis of 以……为基础；根据……
base ... on/upon… 把……置于/建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据
【精品例句】
He used the house as a base for his printing business.
他把这座房子作为印刷生意的总部
The book is based on/upon a true story. 这本书以一个真实故事为原型
Basing an important decision more on/upon emotion than on/upon reason, you’ll regret it sooner or later. 依据情感而不是理智做出重要决定，你迟早会为此后悔
这部电影是以同名人气小说为基础(改编)的。
On the basis of these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.
以这些事实为基础，我们能得出以下结论。
【高考链接】
You will be able to choose a room based ________ your own personal tastes. ( 全国卷.语法填空) (on/upon)
Plants are the base of the food chain. (四川课改卷.阅读篇
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
You should base your conclusion _______ careful research. (on/upon)
The movie is _______ (base) on/upon the popular novel of the same name. (based)
4. experience n. 经验;实践; 经历; 阅历; vt. 体验(到);感受(到); 经历; 遭受
【原句再现】
I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
experience failure/success 经历失败/成功
experienced adj. 有经验的，经验丰富的
be experienced in sth./doing sth. 在某事/做某事上有经验
【精品例句】
I've got a lot of experience in teaching English.
有丰富的英语教学经验
From my personal experience, I know the traffic in Beijing is terrible.
根据我个人的经历，北京的交通状况很糟糕
Breaking my leg was a very bad experience. 腿骨折对我来说是一次糟糕的经历
I had many wonderful experiences, but I also had a sad one.
我有很多美好的经历，但也有一次糟糕的
Welcome you to come here to experience our Chinese traditional culture.
欢迎来这里体验我们中国的传统文化
Children need to experience things for themselves in order to learn from them.
儿童需要亲身经历事情以便从中学习
New companies often experience a loss in their first few years.
新公司在它们的最初几年中往往会遭受亏损
【高考链接】
If you come to visit China, you will a culture of amazing depth and variety. (安徽卷)
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Jumping out of ______ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting experience.
(an; an)
5. refer to提到，谈到；查阅，参考；指的是
【原句再现】
Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it’s often informally referred to as “down under”. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
reference n.提及,涉及; 参考; 推荐信;推荐人
in / with reference to关于;根据.而论
refer … to …把…委托给…
refer to...as...把……看作/称为……
【精品例句】
The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.那位科学家在演讲中至少3次提到了全球气候变暖。
My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would refer the matter to his editor.我同事说由于情况非同寻常,他会把这个问题交给他的编辑处理。
In reference to your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 50 yuan each.
关于你询问的价格，那部电影的票价是每张50元。
【高考链接】
1. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes. (山东卷)
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on (B)
2. You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . (江西卷)
A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory (B)
3. Here is a memo for your _____ (refer) when you answer the phones. (福建卷) (reference)
4. The word “ business ” also refers _____ an organization that provides goods and services. (全国卷.) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Tom is going to refer the matter _____ the meeting. (to)
Qiao Feng is referred to ______ a big hero. (as)
6. lead to 导致；通向
【原句再现】
The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese- inspired dim sim. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
lead sb. to＋someplace　带领某人到某地
lead sb. to do sth. 使/带领某人做某事
lead to sb. doing sth. 促使/致使某人做某事
lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活
lead the way 引路，带路
【精品例句】
Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous results.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马
Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间已经致使人们寻找新的解决方案
The long hot summer has led to serious water shortages.
漫长而炎热的夏季已经导致了严重的水源短缺
【高考链接】
Our English teacher has a strange way of leading us ________ (study) English actively. (福建卷) (to study)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This street leads you _____ the station and you can find the supermarket nearby. (to)
7. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
【原句再现】
I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument! (教材P15)
【词块积累】
convince sb. of sth.使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb. that... 使某人相信……
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convincing adj. 令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的
be convinced of ….. 相信……
be convinced (that)... (某人)相信……
【精品例句】
We've been trying to convince him to give up the plan．
我们一直在试图说服他放弃那个计划。
What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.
她说的话让我相信我错了。
I'm not going to believe it myself, never mind convince anyone else
我自己都不会相信，更别提说服别人了。
Robert's expression had obviously convinced her of his innocence.
罗伯特的表情显然使她相信他是清白的。
She needed to find a way to convince Michel he was wrong.
她需要想办法使米歇尔相信他错了。
【高考链接】
I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to _____ me. (江西卷)
A. convince B. inform C. guarantee D. refuse (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I am quite convinced ______ her experience in it. (of)
I'm not completely _______ (that)he knew the importance of practice. (convinced)
His speech was so _______ (convince) that everyone present believed what he said. (convincing)
8. contribute vt. & vi. 捐助; 捐献; 贡献; 造成/促使(某事发生); 投(稿); 撰(稿)
【原句再现】
Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
contributor n 捐款人; 撰稿人; 起作用的因素
contribution n. 捐款; 捐献物; 贡献; 稿件; 作品
contribute (sth) to sth 对….奉献…；投稿
contribute (money) to the Red Cross向红十字会捐钱
contribute to …对…做出贡献，对….起作用
【精品例句】
It was generous of her to con tribute such a large sum of money.
她很大方，捐了这么一大笔钱
He never contributes (ideas) to the discussion. 他在讨论时从不发表意见
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
在美国，酒精每年造成10万人死亡
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.
压力是诸多疾病的致病因素
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章
I gave a contribution of $100 to / toward the church. 我给教堂捐了1 00美元
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的杂志。
【高考链接】
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution ________ the world. (湖南卷)
(to/toward)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Immigrants have contributed ________the British culture in many ways. (to/toward)
9. reflect vt. 反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达　vi. 深思
【原句再现】
What is the main theme reflected in Aboriginal music and why (教材P15)
【词块积累】
reflection n. 反映；映像；反射；深思
the reflection of the trees in the lake湖面上树的倒影
the reflection of a sound wave声波的反射
reflective adj. 反射的，反映的；沉思的；深思的；(指物体表面)反光的
reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考……
【精品例句】
Her face was reflected in the mirror: 镜子中映出她的脸
Mid-Autumn celebrations reflect Chinese cultural traditions.
中秋节庆祝活动反映了中国的文化 传统
On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well.
在回家的路上，他想这次面试进行得很顺利
On some level, a student’s grades are a reflection on the teacher.
在某种程度上，学生的成绩是老师水平的反映
Her facial expression reflected how she really felt.
她的面部表情反映出了她的真实感受
Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
我们的报纸力求表达当地人民的心声
Before I decide, I need time to reflect.
在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑
The manager needed more time to reflect on/upon what to do.
经理需要更多的时间来思考做什么
【高考链接】
1. Without the forest cover, these areas would _____more heat into t he atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. (安徽卷) (reflect)
2. The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end , all the young people in our group began to reflect ___ what it had meant. (浙江卷) ( on/upon )
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
1. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats，the friends with whom he spends his time and his house _____ his personality. (湖北卷)
resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes ( C )
2. Usually a child's behavior is a ______ of his family environment. (山西卷)
A. recognition B. reflection C. return D. record ( B )
10. straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的
【原句再现】
They have a straightforward and free and easy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went. (教材原句P15)
【词块积累】
a straightforward person 坦率的人
a straightforward explanation 率直的解释
be straightforward with sb. about sth. 关于……对某人坦率
【精品例句】
She gave me a straightforward answer.
她坦率地回答了我。
Getting funding for the project was far from straightforward.
为这一项目寻找资金绝非易事。
I think you'll find it all quite straightforward.
我想你会发现这些都相当简单。
【高考链接】
He was quite straightforward ____ us about the difficulties involved. (江西卷) (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Would someone be able to give _____ straightforward explanation (a)
11. variety n. 多样性; 变化; 种类
【原句再现】
Finding the islands is not complicated, and there are a variety of islands to suit all tastes. (教材P16)
【词块积累】
variety n. 多样性; 变化; 种类
a variety of＝varieties of….. 许多的；各种各样的
a new variety of rose玫瑰的新品种
various adj.不同的; 各种各样的
various kinds of theme parks各种各样的主题公园
variously adv各种各样地
variation n.变化; 差别
the seasonal variation季节性变化
vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with sth. 随……而变化
vary between...and...＝vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
【精品例句】
Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.中餐以菜系多样而闻名(重庆)
Variety is the spice of life.变化是生活的调味品
After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
毕竟，两个国家各自内部的口音差别可能 跟两国之间的口音差别一样大
Opinions vary on that point. 在那一点上意见各不相同
The weather here varies from hour to hour. 这儿的天气时刻都在变化
【高考链接】
More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great____ of goods.
(湖北卷) (A)
variety B. mixture C. extension D. combination
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The club offers a wide _____ (vary) of games to the local teenagers. (variety)
As a child, Chamberlain had _____ (variety) various health problems. (various)
12. approach vt. & vi. (距离上) 靠近; (时间上) 临近; (数量上) 接近; 与...打交道; 与..接洽; 处理; n.靠近; 接近; 通道;入口; (处理-的) 方法;(达到--的) 途径
【原句再现】
So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn’t approach it to pick it up or even touch it. (教材P20)
【词块积累】
the approach of autumn秋天的来临
a approach to a problem 解决问题的方法
【精品例句】
As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.
我走近那幢房子时，注意到楼上有灯光
The population of our province is now approaching 74 million.
我省人口现已接近七千四百万
Our approach frightened the birds. 我们的接近吓着了那些鸟。
All approaches to the town were blocked. 所有去城里的路都被堵住了
Chinese medicine has amazed many people around the world with its different approach to health.中医以其不同寻常的治疗方法使全世界的许多人感到吃惊
【高考链接】
At the meeting they discussed three different ____ to the study of mathematics. ( 陕西卷)
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The job market has changed and our approach to work must change as well. ( finding)
Three approaches _____ the problem has been found. (to)
13. occur v．发生，出现；想起
【原句再现】
After the system was finished, no more floods occurred. (教材P23)
【词块积累】
occurrence n. 发生的事儿；发生；出现
everyday occurrences 日常发生的事儿
sth. occurs to sb.　某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……;被想起
It occurs to sb. that...某人想到……
It occurs to sb. to do sth...某人想到……
【精品例句】
It occurred to her to phone the police. 她想到了报警
It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想到第二天早上要出席一个重要会议
Almost all of tornadoes occur in the US，in the area from Texas to South Dakota.
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国德克萨斯州到南达科塔州一带地区
The serious traffic accident occurred yesterday morning and three people were confirmed to be dead.
那场严重的交通事故发生在昨天上午，三人被确认死亡
We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance.
我们都应该记住一些伟大的科学发现都是偶然发生的
【高考链接】
It never occurred to him ________ (ask) anyone for helping him with English. (江西卷) (to ask)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A perfect idea occurred _____ us that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for Teachers' Day. (to)
14. recognise/ recognize vt. (不用于进行时) 认出; 辨认出; 承认; 认识到
【原句再现】
Recognized as a UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while preventing floods for over 2,000 years. (教材P23)
【词块积累】
recognition n. 认出；认识
beyond (all) recognition 认不出来
be recognized to be/as...　被认为是……
It is recognized that... 人们公认……
温馨提示：表示“认为，把……看作”的词组还有：
regard...as/to be...
consider...as/to be...
think of...as...
look on/upon…as…
take…as…
【精品例句】
The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping with out being recognized.这位影星戴着太阳镜,这样他就可以去购物而不被认出来
The British recognized America as an independent state.
英国承认美国为一个独立的国家
I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made.
我对她的话感到惊讶, 那些话让我意识到自己犯了多么愚蠢的错误
The town has changed beyond all recognition since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里，这座小城已变得让人认不出来了
It was recognized that the meeting shouldn’t be held. 大家都承认这次会议不该召开
Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被充分地认可
It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems.
人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一
He recognized that he had made mistakes.
他承认自己犯了错误
【高考链接】
I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ____.(安徽卷)
A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There is general ____ that the study techniques of many students are weak. (recognition)
Lisa, I didn't _____ (认出) you because you've had your hair cut! (全国卷) (recognize/recognize)
●本单元其它重要词组
15. a handful of… 少数人（或物）；一把（的量）
There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that！ (教材P21)
City kids can probably see only a handful of stars.
He published nothing except a handful of short stories.
There were only a handful of people present at yesterday’s meeting.
●句型点拨
1. 非谓语动词：过去分词短语作状语
【原句再现】
Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe，it's often informally referred to as “down under”． (教材原句P14)
句式分析：句中Located to the south of the equator在句中作原因状语。
【能力拓展】
过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
【精品例句】
Lost in thought，she nearly ran into a tree.
陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。
Left at home，John didn't feel afraid at all.
被留在家里，约翰一点也不觉得害怕。
Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。
【高考链接】
______ (use) with care，one tin will last for six weeks. (陕西卷) (Used)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Given(give) a lot of money，he lived a better life. (Given)
The teacher came in，_______ (follow) by a group of students． (followed)
2. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事
【原句再现】
I can't wait to see all of them! (教材原句P14)
句式分析：句中can't wait to do sth. 表示“迫不及待地想做某事”。
【能力拓展】
can hardly wait to do sth.= can hardly wait for sth.= cannot wait to do sth.= cannot wait for sth. 迫不及待地想做某事
【精品例句】
I can't wait to get out of these wet clothes.
我迫不及待地要脱下这些湿衣服。
We can hardly wait to see them!
我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！
I can't wait to meet my old classmates.
我急切地想见到我的老同学们。
【高考链接】
I can hardly wait ______ (see) that movie. (湖北卷) (to see)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I can hardly wait _____ your answer. (for)
●过去分词作状语（详见语法课件）
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