人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit2 Iconic Attractions 结构-情景破（含解析）

Unit2 Iconic Attractions 结构-情景破
知识点1 “疑问代词/副词+动词不定式”结构
I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument!（教材P15）
我努力学习如何演奏它，但经过几个小时的努力，我确信我永远无法用这个乐器发出悦耳的声音！
情景导学
How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
如何防止他们在这条河里游泳是一个难题。
Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.
选择吃什么不再像以前那么简单了。
My question is where to find the answer.
我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。
I am not sure how to behave at the dinner table.=I am not sure how I should behave at the dinner table.
我不确定在餐桌上如何表现。
归纳拓展
“疑问代词/副词+动词不定式”在句中可作________语、________语或________ 语。
在该结构中，疑问代词后通常跟及物动词或相当于及物动词短语的不定式；疑问副词后通常跟不及物动词的不定式，或带有宾语的及物动词的不定式。
“疑问代词/副词+动词不定式”结构可以写成相应的________改为从句时只要在疑问词后面加一个适当的主语并将不定式动词改为适当形式的谓语既可。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1（2020课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解C，★★☆）
When you were trying to figure out ________ to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross our mind.
1-2（2020浙江，七选五，★★☆）
I learned a lot about how ________ (extend) the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.
1-3（2019天津，阅读理解C，★★☆）
Ideally, the system would tell us when ________ (adapt) human activities that an pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.
1-4（2018课标全国I，七选五，★★☆）
A grasp of ________ to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.
1-5（2017江苏，阅读理解C，★★☆）
When considering a merger（兼并）, for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when ________ (step) in.
1-6（2016课标全国Ⅱ，短文改错，★★☆）
My classmates and I are talking about what ________ (do) during the holiday.
知识点2 “疑问代词/副词+ever”引导的从句
They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.（教材P15）
他们对生活有一种直率、洒脱的态度，无论我走到哪里，他们的友好和温暖都让我感到舒适。
情景导学
They were always there by you, whenever you needed them.
无论何时你需要他们，他们总是在你身边。
Whoever you ask, the answer is always the same.
不管你问谁，答案都一样。
I’ll just say whatever comes into my head.
我想到什么就说什么。
Whatever/No matter what you do, don’t touch this switch.
无论你做什么，都别碰这个开关。
归纳拓展
疑问代词+ever如 whatever、whoever、whomever、whichever可引导两种类型的从句，即 ________ 从句和 ________ 从句（如主语从句、宾语从句等）。
“疑问代词/副词+ever”引导让步状语从句时可换成“ ________ +疑问代词/副词”的形式。
“疑问代词+ever”引导 ________ 从句时，不能换成“no matter+疑问代词”的形式。
链接高考
单句语法填空
2-1（2019天津，阅读理解D，★☆☆）
We learn that ________ much we try to please some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
2-2（2019北京，语法填空B，★★☆）
No matter ________ you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
句型转换
2-3（2017北京，23，★☆☆）
Every year whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
→Every year, ________ ________ ________ makes the most beautiful kite he/she will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
2-4（2017天津，阅读表达，★☆☆）
Whenever she is in trouble he is there for her trouble.he is there for her.
→________ ________ ________ she is in trouble, he is there for her.
知识点3 what引导的名词性从句
Three speakers are talking about what they believe to best represent New Zealand.（教材Pl8）
三个说话的人正在谈论他们认为最能代表新西兰的东西。
情景导学
What dominate her videos are scenes of picking seasonal ingredients from her own garden and sometimes in the mountains and turning them into tasty dishes in her wood-burning pot.
在她的视频中，最具特色的是从她自己花园里、有时是在山里采摘时令食材，然后在她的烧柴的锅里把它们做成美味的菜肴的片段。
China is no longer what it used to be.
中国不再是过去的样子了。
归纳拓展
what 用作连接代词，可以引导________从句、________从句和________从句。
what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
链接高考
单句语法填空
3-1（2019江苏，阅读理解B，★★☆）
It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature-that’s
________ accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.
3-2（2019课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解A改编，★★☆）
It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise ________ is going on is horribly enjoyable.
3-3（2019北京，语法填空C，★☆☆）
________ students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.
3-4（2018北京，15，★★☆）
This is ________ my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
3-5（2017江苏，26，★★☆）
We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to s 20, half of it used to charge.
参考答案：
知识点1
①主；表；宾 ③从句
1-1 what考查疑问代词。句意：当你在努力想出为你的假期清单上的环保主义者买什么时，你可能不会想到皮草。由动词buy可以判断此处填疑问代词what，what to buy作前面动词短语 figure out的宾语。
1-2 to extend考查动词不定式。句意：我学到了很多关于如何延长物体的寿命并把它们变成新的有用的东西（的知识）。how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful为“疑问词+不定式”结构，在句中作 about的宾语。
1-3 to adapt考查动词不定式。句意：理想情况下，这个系统会告诉我们什么时候调整正在将一个生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们把一个生态系统从（崩溃的）边缘拉回来的人类活动。when to adapt human activities在句中作tel的直接宾语。
1-4 how考查疑问副词。句意：掌握如何在你的空间中管理颜色是创造你喜欢居住的房间的首要步骤之一。how to manage color in your spaces在句中作介词of的宾语。
1-5 to step考查动词不定式。句意：例如，当考虑兼并时，他们传统上使用规模来决定何时介入。when to step in作动词 determine的宾语。
1-6 to do考查动词不定式。句意：我和我的同学们正在讨论在假期做些什么。what to do作 talking about的宾语。
知识点2
①让步状语；名词性 ② no matter ③名词性
2-1 however考查让步状语从句。句意：我们认识到无论我们多么努力取悦，有些人永远不会爱上我们这个想法一开始会让人烦恼，但最终会让人放松。空格后面的much是副词，可以判断此处填however。
2-2 what考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，总有一个方法可以参与地球日的各种活动。根据句意及空格后的动词do可以判断此处应该填疑问代词what。
2-3 no matter who
2-4 No matter when
知识点3
主语；宾语；表语
3-1 what考查名词性从句。句意：很长时间以来人们都知道黄石公园本质上是火山引起的—那就是它所有的温泉和其他蒸汽特征的原因。设空处在句中引导表语从句，同时在从句中作主语。故填what。
3-2 what考查名词性从句。句意：这是一部真正的侦探小说，当你意识到正在发生的事情时，那种沮丧令人非常享受。设空处在句中引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作主语，表示“……的事情”，故填what。
3-3 What考查名词性从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里重要得多。设空处在句中引导主语从句，同时在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事情”，故填What。
3-4 what考查名词性从句。句意：这就是我父亲教给我的——总是面对困难，抱最好的希望。设空处在句中引导表语从句，同时在从句中作宾语，表示“
的事情”，故填what。
3-5 what考查名词性从句。句意：我们选择这家酒店是因为在这里住一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是之前要价的一半。half of it used to charge是s20的同位语，设空处引导宾语从句，从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，故填what。
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