2023届高考复习：语法句型转换专项练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考复习：语法句型转换专项练习（含答案） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-14 16:11:15 | ||
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高中英语 2023高考复习 选择性必修二（人教2019版）
语法句型转换试题 专项练习
1．What you do is not consistent with what you said. (根据句意，使用近义词填空)
What you do ________________ what you said.
2．“I’ve seen the play,” Gina said to me. (改为间接引语)
→Gina___________ me that she___________ ___________ the play.
3．All living things are made up of cells. （同义句转换）
=________________
4．Tom came late for the meeting because he was stuck in the traffic jam. (同义句转换)
Tom was stuck in the traffic jam. _________ _________ _________he came late for the meeting.
5．You should participate actively in these discussions. That is my advice. (合并成表语从句)
6．I had a fight with Kim. That was because she cheated! (合并为一个句子)
________ ________ ________I had a fight with Kim________ ________she cheated!
7．Time travel is possible. /There is no scientific proof for the idea.（用同位语从句改写）
→________________________________________
8．We were astonished that the temple was still in its original condition.
______________ ______________ ______________was that the temple was still in its original condition. （用主语从句）
______________ ______________ ______________that the temple was still in its original condition. （用It做形式主语）
9．If we are united, we will make our life better. (同义句转换)
→________, we will make our life better.
10．For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter. （同义句转换）
→For the past three years he has been _________as a firefighter.
11．“What about having a drink ” he asked. (改为间接引语)
→He___________ ___________ a drink.
12．After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. (同义句转换)
→ ______ _________ _______ _________, we are ready for the exam.
13．It’s good for shape if you swim regularly. （用适当的非谓语动词改写句子）
________ for your shape.
14．It rained heavily. The rain caused severe flood in the country. (用现在分词合并句子)
15．Once you lose this chance ，you can’t easily find it back. （同义句转换）
→ _______ _______ ________ _________ you can’t easily find it back.
16．“I met her yesterday,” he said to me. (改为间接引语)
→He told me that he___________ ___________her the day___________.
17．As she was frightened by the noise, Amy turned on all the lights in the house. (非谓语作状语)
_______________________________________________________________________
18．Jack was absent in school yesterday, because he went to see the doctor. (同义句转换)
Jack went to see the doctor. ________ ________ ________he was absent in school yesterday.
19．The cleaner had removed the rubbish when we arrived at the spot. (改写成被动语态）
20．Hey, be careful with your glasses! (强调谓语动词)
21．He is determined to get ahead of others in studies, so he works day and night.(分词作状语)(句型转换)
→__________________ in studies, he works day and night.
22．The atmosphere is made up of more than 70% of nitrogen.
→The atmosphere____________________________ more than 70% of nitrogen.
23．He said, “I have written a novel.” (同义句转换)
→He said that ________ ________ ________ a novel.
24．He didn’t have breakfast, because the electricity had been cut off. (同义句转换)
He didn’t have breakfast, ________ ________ ________the electricity had been cut off.
25．As she felt tired at the end of the journey, she soon fell asleep. (同义句转换)
→ ______ ______at the end of the journey, she soon fell asleep.
26．The meeting having been over, we all left the room and drove home. （同义句转换）
→ ______ ______ _______ ________ , so we all left the room and drove home.
27．The doctor is trying to persuade him to give up smoking because of his poor health. (同义句转换)
→The doctor is trying to persuade him __________________ smoking because of his poor health.
28．Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. （同义句转换）
→No sooner ________ ________ ________ ________ on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
29．Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it. (同义句转换)
→________，we went on with it.
30．To his amazement, we were not amazed at his amazing achievements. →________ ________ ________was that we were not amazed at his amazing achievements.(amaze)（同义句转换）
语法句型转换专练答案解析：
1．is different from, doesn’t consist with/correspond to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：你所做的与你所说的不一致。分析句子, is not consistent with 译为“和……不一致；与……不同”。英语中表示“和……不一致/与……不同”时，“is different from, doesn’t consist with/correspond to”也符合题意。故填is different from, doesn’t consist with/correspond to。
2． told had seen
【解析】考查直接引语与间接引语的转换。直接引语为陈述句时变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。若引述动词用的是say to sb，则通常改为tell sb，故第一空填told；因主句是一般过去时，直接引语是现在完成时，间接引语应变为过去完成时，故间接引语中谓语动词为had seen。故答案为①told②had③seen。
3．All living things are composed of cells.##All living things consist of cells.
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：所有的生物都是由细胞组成的。原题干中be made up of 表示“由……组成”，可用同义词组be composed of 或者consist of 代替；consist of无被动式，故填All living things are composed of cells或者All living things consist of cells。
4． That was why
【解析】考查时态和表语从句。句意：汤姆开会迟到了，因为交通阻塞。分析句子，一般过去时，句中“汤姆被困在交通堵塞中”是他迟到的原因，故可以使用代词that来指代该事实，同时运用why引导的表语从句解释他为什么迟到。第一空位于句首，首字母应该大写，故填①That ②was ③why。
5．My advice is that you should participate actively in these discussions.
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：我的建议是你应该积极参与这些讨论。本处用句子 you should participate actively in these discussions作为表语，来说明主语my advice是什么，从句成分和意义都完整，应用that引导；故填My advice is that you should participate actively in these discussions.
6． The reason why was that
【解析】考查名词，定语从句，时态和表语从句。句意：我与Kim打架的原因是她作弊！合并两个简单句“我与Kim打架”和“那是因为她作弊”，为“我与Kim打架的原因是她作弊”，故空①②为the reason，表示特指加定冠词the，空③用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰reason，在从句中作原因状语，主语the reason是单数，句子用一般过去时，空④为was，“she cheated”是was后的表语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填①The；②reason；③ why；④was；⑤that。
7．There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：没有科学证据证明时间旅行是可能的。根据句意以及用同位语从句改写要求可知，原句可改写为用that引导的同位语从句，对先行词idea进行补充解释说明。故可改写为：There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible。
8． What astonished us It astonished us
【解析】考查主语从句和it形式主语。句意：我们很惊讶，这座寺庙仍然处于原来的状态。第一句主语从句，使我们惊讶的是后面的事情，所以用what引导，谓语使惊讶，英文“astonish”，根据主句可知从句一般过去时，宾语我们，英文“us”，表达为What astonished us；第二句用it作形式主语代替后面的that从句，谓语使惊讶，英文“astonish”，根据从句可知主句一般过去时，宾语我们，英文“us”，表达为It astonished us；故填What；astonished；us；It；astonished；us。
9．If united
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果我们团结起来，我们将使我们的生活更美好。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句If we are united可省略we are。故填If united。
10．engaged
【解析】考查动词。句意：在过去的三年里，他一直被聘为一名消防员。句中employ为动词，意为“雇佣”，has been employed为现在完成时的被动语态，意为“已经被聘为”，可以转换为同义词has been engaged。故填engaged。
11． suggested having
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他建议喝一杯。此处可用suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，且为一般过去时。故填①suggested；②having。
12． Having made full preparations
【解析】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：我们做好充分的准备之后，就可以准备考试了。分析空格所在句可知，句中有谓语动词“are ready for”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词形式，句子主语we与“make full preparations”之间为逻辑上的主谓冠词，且“make full preparations”的动作先于“are ready for”的动作发生，故应用现在分词的完成式“having done”，make的过去分词为made，句首单词首字母大写。故填①Having；②made；③full；④preparations。
13．Swimming regularly is good
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：经常游泳对你的身材有好处。句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意，故填Swimming regularly is good。
14．It rained heavily, causing severe flood in the country.
【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：雨下得很大，在这个国家引起了严重的洪水。根据提示要求用现在分词合并句子可知，该句可转换为非谓语动词作状语。因caused和逻辑主语it为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式作结果状语。故答案是It rained heavily, causing severe flood in the country。
15． Once losing this chance
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦你失去了这个机会，你就很难找回它。在状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。主语you和谓语lose this job是主动关系，所以完整的句子为Once you are losing this chance, you can’t easily find it back. 省去主语和be动词后，为Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it back.故填①Once；②losing；③this；④chance。
16． had met before
【解析】考查时态。句意：他告诉我他前一天见过她。主句为一般过去时，宾语从句中应用过去相对应的时态，此处应用过去完成时。故填①had；②met；③before。
17．Frightened by the noise, Amy turned on all the lights in the house.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被噪音吓到了，艾米把屋里所有的灯都打开了。在状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，用非谓语动词作状语。故答案是Frightened by the noise, Amy turned on all the lights in the house.
18． That is why
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：杰克去看医生了。 那就是他昨天没来上学的原因。根据句意可知，“杰克去看医生了”为原因，“他昨天没来上学”为结果，前因后果，用固定句型that is why...“那就是……的原因”，此句型中why引导的为表语从句。故填That is why。
19．The rubbish had been removed by the cleaner when we arrived at the spot.
【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：我们达到现场时，清洁工已经把垃圾清理掉了。题目要求将句子改写成为被动语态，将原句宾语the rubbish变为句子主语，谓语动词使用被动语态had been removed，主语变为由介词by引出作宾语。故答案为The rubbish had been removed by the cleaner when we arrived at the spot.
20．Hey, do be careful with your glasses!
【解析】考查“do强调句型”的用法和祈使句。句意：嘿，小心你的眼镜！分析句子可知，句子为祈使句，题目要求强调谓语动词，需要用“do强调句型”，即在动词前面用助动词do表示对该动词的强调，句中动词为“be”且为祈使句，故在“be”前加助动词“do”。故答案是Hey, do be careful with your glasses!。
21．Determined to get ahead of others
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他决心要在学习上超过别人，所以他夜以继日地工作。短语be determined to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，此处省略主语和be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Determined to get ahead of others。
22．consists of
【解析】考查动词。句意：大气中氮的含量超过70%。分析句子，设空处应该填写动词作谓语，同时表示的是客观事实，应该使用一般现在时。原句中be made up of为固定搭配，意为“由...组成”，其同义词短语是consist of。句子主语是atmosphere为第三人称单数。故填consists of。
23． he had written
【解析】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：他说：“我写了一本小说。”分析句子可知，句子要求我们进行同义句转换，即将直接引语变间接引语，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句，原句为陈述句，首先变主语，第一人称“I”变为第三人称“he”，其次变时态，现在完成时变为过去完成时，谓语动词为“had done”，故空格处应填“he had written”。故填①he② had ③written。
24． which is because
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句，表语从句。句意：他没有吃早饭，因为停电了。原句为because引导的原因状语从句，同义句转换后，可用which引导非限制性定语从句指代主句“没有吃早饭”这件事，并在定语从句中充当主语；此时because引导的原因状语从句转换为表语从句，在定语从句中充当表语；定语从句的时态应为一般现在时，表示对情况的客观分析。故填which is because。
25． Feeling tired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅途结束时她感到疲倦，很快就睡着了。此句中，as引导的状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中主语she和动词felt之间是主动关系，并且表示主语正在处于的感受，所以可以直接用现在分词作状语，即是feeling tired at the end of the journey。故填①Feeling；②tired。
26． The meeting was over
【解析】考查独立主格结构和从句的转换。句意：会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车回家了。分析句子可知，The meeting having been over为独立主格结构作状语，相当于一个从句，根据空格后的连词so可知，将其非谓语动词部分改为谓语，而成为一个句子，根据后文“left”可知，应为一般过去时，主语the meeting为第三人称单数，系动词用was，句子首字母大写，故转换为The meeting was over。故填①The；②meeting；③was；④over。
27．into giving up
【解析】考查句型转换。句意：由于身体不好，医生正在劝他戒烟。短语：persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth.“说服某人做某事”，原句中使用了不定式作宾补的形式，因而转换句中可以使用persuade sb. into doing sth.，根据句中英语提示，所以空处使用into giving up，故填into giving up。
28． had Mo Yan stepped
【解析】考查倒装句、固定句型。句意：莫言一上台，台下就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。此处考查倒装句No sooner...than...，主句部分用过去完成时。根据句意和句子结构，否定副词No sooner 在句首，主句部分应用部分倒装，故将助动词had置于主语Mo Yan之前，故填：①had；②Mo；③Yan；④stepped。
29．Exhausted by the hard work
【解析】考查同义句转换。句意：尽管我们被艰苦的工作累得筋疲力尽，但是我们继续坚持着。Although we were exhausted by the hard work，这是Although 引导的让步状语从句，可以转换为过去分词作状语。故填Exhausted by the hard work。
30． What amazed him
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：令他吃惊的是，我们对他的惊人成就并不感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，表示“令他惊讶的是”，可以写成主语从句，句子描述过去的事，用一般过去时，“使……惊讶”用动词amaze，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事”，应用what来引导，所以写成what amazed him，与to his amazement同义，单词what位于句首，首字母大写。故填①What②amazed③him。
语法句型转换试题 专项练习
1．What you do is not consistent with what you said. (根据句意，使用近义词填空)
What you do ________________ what you said.
2．“I’ve seen the play,” Gina said to me. (改为间接引语)
→Gina___________ me that she___________ ___________ the play.
3．All living things are made up of cells. （同义句转换）
=________________
4．Tom came late for the meeting because he was stuck in the traffic jam. (同义句转换)
Tom was stuck in the traffic jam. _________ _________ _________he came late for the meeting.
5．You should participate actively in these discussions. That is my advice. (合并成表语从句)
6．I had a fight with Kim. That was because she cheated! (合并为一个句子)
________ ________ ________I had a fight with Kim________ ________she cheated!
7．Time travel is possible. /There is no scientific proof for the idea.（用同位语从句改写）
→________________________________________
8．We were astonished that the temple was still in its original condition.
______________ ______________ ______________was that the temple was still in its original condition. （用主语从句）
______________ ______________ ______________that the temple was still in its original condition. （用It做形式主语）
9．If we are united, we will make our life better. (同义句转换)
→________, we will make our life better.
10．For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter. （同义句转换）
→For the past three years he has been _________as a firefighter.
11．“What about having a drink ” he asked. (改为间接引语)
→He___________ ___________ a drink.
12．After we have made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. (同义句转换)
→ ______ _________ _______ _________, we are ready for the exam.
13．It’s good for shape if you swim regularly. （用适当的非谓语动词改写句子）
________ for your shape.
14．It rained heavily. The rain caused severe flood in the country. (用现在分词合并句子)
15．Once you lose this chance ，you can’t easily find it back. （同义句转换）
→ _______ _______ ________ _________ you can’t easily find it back.
16．“I met her yesterday,” he said to me. (改为间接引语)
→He told me that he___________ ___________her the day___________.
17．As she was frightened by the noise, Amy turned on all the lights in the house. (非谓语作状语)
_______________________________________________________________________
18．Jack was absent in school yesterday, because he went to see the doctor. (同义句转换)
Jack went to see the doctor. ________ ________ ________he was absent in school yesterday.
19．The cleaner had removed the rubbish when we arrived at the spot. (改写成被动语态）
20．Hey, be careful with your glasses! (强调谓语动词)
21．He is determined to get ahead of others in studies, so he works day and night.(分词作状语)(句型转换)
→__________________ in studies, he works day and night.
22．The atmosphere is made up of more than 70% of nitrogen.
→The atmosphere____________________________ more than 70% of nitrogen.
23．He said, “I have written a novel.” (同义句转换)
→He said that ________ ________ ________ a novel.
24．He didn’t have breakfast, because the electricity had been cut off. (同义句转换)
He didn’t have breakfast, ________ ________ ________the electricity had been cut off.
25．As she felt tired at the end of the journey, she soon fell asleep. (同义句转换)
→ ______ ______at the end of the journey, she soon fell asleep.
26．The meeting having been over, we all left the room and drove home. （同义句转换）
→ ______ ______ _______ ________ , so we all left the room and drove home.
27．The doctor is trying to persuade him to give up smoking because of his poor health. (同义句转换)
→The doctor is trying to persuade him __________________ smoking because of his poor health.
28．Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. （同义句转换）
→No sooner ________ ________ ________ ________ on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
29．Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it. (同义句转换)
→________，we went on with it.
30．To his amazement, we were not amazed at his amazing achievements. →________ ________ ________was that we were not amazed at his amazing achievements.(amaze)（同义句转换）
语法句型转换专练答案解析：
1．is different from, doesn’t consist with/correspond to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：你所做的与你所说的不一致。分析句子, is not consistent with 译为“和……不一致；与……不同”。英语中表示“和……不一致/与……不同”时，“is different from, doesn’t consist with/correspond to”也符合题意。故填is different from, doesn’t consist with/correspond to。
2． told had seen
【解析】考查直接引语与间接引语的转换。直接引语为陈述句时变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。若引述动词用的是say to sb，则通常改为tell sb，故第一空填told；因主句是一般过去时，直接引语是现在完成时，间接引语应变为过去完成时，故间接引语中谓语动词为had seen。故答案为①told②had③seen。
3．All living things are composed of cells.##All living things consist of cells.
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：所有的生物都是由细胞组成的。原题干中be made up of 表示“由……组成”，可用同义词组be composed of 或者consist of 代替；consist of无被动式，故填All living things are composed of cells或者All living things consist of cells。
4． That was why
【解析】考查时态和表语从句。句意：汤姆开会迟到了，因为交通阻塞。分析句子，一般过去时，句中“汤姆被困在交通堵塞中”是他迟到的原因，故可以使用代词that来指代该事实，同时运用why引导的表语从句解释他为什么迟到。第一空位于句首，首字母应该大写，故填①That ②was ③why。
5．My advice is that you should participate actively in these discussions.
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：我的建议是你应该积极参与这些讨论。本处用句子 you should participate actively in these discussions作为表语，来说明主语my advice是什么，从句成分和意义都完整，应用that引导；故填My advice is that you should participate actively in these discussions.
6． The reason why was that
【解析】考查名词，定语从句，时态和表语从句。句意：我与Kim打架的原因是她作弊！合并两个简单句“我与Kim打架”和“那是因为她作弊”，为“我与Kim打架的原因是她作弊”，故空①②为the reason，表示特指加定冠词the，空③用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰reason，在从句中作原因状语，主语the reason是单数，句子用一般过去时，空④为was，“she cheated”是was后的表语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填①The；②reason；③ why；④was；⑤that。
7．There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：没有科学证据证明时间旅行是可能的。根据句意以及用同位语从句改写要求可知，原句可改写为用that引导的同位语从句，对先行词idea进行补充解释说明。故可改写为：There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible。
8． What astonished us It astonished us
【解析】考查主语从句和it形式主语。句意：我们很惊讶，这座寺庙仍然处于原来的状态。第一句主语从句，使我们惊讶的是后面的事情，所以用what引导，谓语使惊讶，英文“astonish”，根据主句可知从句一般过去时，宾语我们，英文“us”，表达为What astonished us；第二句用it作形式主语代替后面的that从句，谓语使惊讶，英文“astonish”，根据从句可知主句一般过去时，宾语我们，英文“us”，表达为It astonished us；故填What；astonished；us；It；astonished；us。
9．If united
【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果我们团结起来，我们将使我们的生活更美好。在if引导的条件状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句If we are united可省略we are。故填If united。
10．engaged
【解析】考查动词。句意：在过去的三年里，他一直被聘为一名消防员。句中employ为动词，意为“雇佣”，has been employed为现在完成时的被动语态，意为“已经被聘为”，可以转换为同义词has been engaged。故填engaged。
11． suggested having
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他建议喝一杯。此处可用suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，且为一般过去时。故填①suggested；②having。
12． Having made full preparations
【解析】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：我们做好充分的准备之后，就可以准备考试了。分析空格所在句可知，句中有谓语动词“are ready for”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词形式，句子主语we与“make full preparations”之间为逻辑上的主谓冠词，且“make full preparations”的动作先于“are ready for”的动作发生，故应用现在分词的完成式“having done”，make的过去分词为made，句首单词首字母大写。故填①Having；②made；③full；④preparations。
13．Swimming regularly is good
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：经常游泳对你的身材有好处。句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意，故填Swimming regularly is good。
14．It rained heavily, causing severe flood in the country.
【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：雨下得很大，在这个国家引起了严重的洪水。根据提示要求用现在分词合并句子可知，该句可转换为非谓语动词作状语。因caused和逻辑主语it为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式作结果状语。故答案是It rained heavily, causing severe flood in the country。
15． Once losing this chance
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦你失去了这个机会，你就很难找回它。在状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。主语you和谓语lose this job是主动关系，所以完整的句子为Once you are losing this chance, you can’t easily find it back. 省去主语和be动词后，为Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it back.故填①Once；②losing；③this；④chance。
16． had met before
【解析】考查时态。句意：他告诉我他前一天见过她。主句为一般过去时，宾语从句中应用过去相对应的时态，此处应用过去完成时。故填①had；②met；③before。
17．Frightened by the noise, Amy turned on all the lights in the house.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被噪音吓到了，艾米把屋里所有的灯都打开了。在状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，用非谓语动词作状语。故答案是Frightened by the noise, Amy turned on all the lights in the house.
18． That is why
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：杰克去看医生了。 那就是他昨天没来上学的原因。根据句意可知，“杰克去看医生了”为原因，“他昨天没来上学”为结果，前因后果，用固定句型that is why...“那就是……的原因”，此句型中why引导的为表语从句。故填That is why。
19．The rubbish had been removed by the cleaner when we arrived at the spot.
【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：我们达到现场时，清洁工已经把垃圾清理掉了。题目要求将句子改写成为被动语态，将原句宾语the rubbish变为句子主语，谓语动词使用被动语态had been removed，主语变为由介词by引出作宾语。故答案为The rubbish had been removed by the cleaner when we arrived at the spot.
20．Hey, do be careful with your glasses!
【解析】考查“do强调句型”的用法和祈使句。句意：嘿，小心你的眼镜！分析句子可知，句子为祈使句，题目要求强调谓语动词，需要用“do强调句型”，即在动词前面用助动词do表示对该动词的强调，句中动词为“be”且为祈使句，故在“be”前加助动词“do”。故答案是Hey, do be careful with your glasses!。
21．Determined to get ahead of others
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他决心要在学习上超过别人，所以他夜以继日地工作。短语be determined to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，此处省略主语和be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Determined to get ahead of others。
22．consists of
【解析】考查动词。句意：大气中氮的含量超过70%。分析句子，设空处应该填写动词作谓语，同时表示的是客观事实，应该使用一般现在时。原句中be made up of为固定搭配，意为“由...组成”，其同义词短语是consist of。句子主语是atmosphere为第三人称单数。故填consists of。
23． he had written
【解析】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：他说：“我写了一本小说。”分析句子可知，句子要求我们进行同义句转换，即将直接引语变间接引语，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句，原句为陈述句，首先变主语，第一人称“I”变为第三人称“he”，其次变时态，现在完成时变为过去完成时，谓语动词为“had done”，故空格处应填“he had written”。故填①he② had ③written。
24． which is because
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句，表语从句。句意：他没有吃早饭，因为停电了。原句为because引导的原因状语从句，同义句转换后，可用which引导非限制性定语从句指代主句“没有吃早饭”这件事，并在定语从句中充当主语；此时because引导的原因状语从句转换为表语从句，在定语从句中充当表语；定语从句的时态应为一般现在时，表示对情况的客观分析。故填which is because。
25． Feeling tired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：旅途结束时她感到疲倦，很快就睡着了。此句中，as引导的状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中主语she和动词felt之间是主动关系，并且表示主语正在处于的感受，所以可以直接用现在分词作状语，即是feeling tired at the end of the journey。故填①Feeling；②tired。
26． The meeting was over
【解析】考查独立主格结构和从句的转换。句意：会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车回家了。分析句子可知，The meeting having been over为独立主格结构作状语，相当于一个从句，根据空格后的连词so可知，将其非谓语动词部分改为谓语，而成为一个句子，根据后文“left”可知，应为一般过去时，主语the meeting为第三人称单数，系动词用was，句子首字母大写，故转换为The meeting was over。故填①The；②meeting；③was；④over。
27．into giving up
【解析】考查句型转换。句意：由于身体不好，医生正在劝他戒烟。短语：persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth.“说服某人做某事”，原句中使用了不定式作宾补的形式，因而转换句中可以使用persuade sb. into doing sth.，根据句中英语提示，所以空处使用into giving up，故填into giving up。
28． had Mo Yan stepped
【解析】考查倒装句、固定句型。句意：莫言一上台，台下就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。此处考查倒装句No sooner...than...，主句部分用过去完成时。根据句意和句子结构，否定副词No sooner 在句首，主句部分应用部分倒装，故将助动词had置于主语Mo Yan之前，故填：①had；②Mo；③Yan；④stepped。
29．Exhausted by the hard work
【解析】考查同义句转换。句意：尽管我们被艰苦的工作累得筋疲力尽，但是我们继续坚持着。Although we were exhausted by the hard work，这是Although 引导的让步状语从句，可以转换为过去分词作状语。故填Exhausted by the hard work。
30． What amazed him
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：令他吃惊的是，我们对他的惊人成就并不感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，表示“令他惊讶的是”，可以写成主语从句，句子描述过去的事，用一般过去时，“使……惊讶”用动词amaze，主语从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事”，应用what来引导，所以写成what amazed him，与to his amazement同义，单词what位于句首，首字母大写。故填①What②amazed③him。