自然拼读元音字母字母组合发音规则总结（PDF版）

m
Digraph Corresponding Example Words Comments The symbols between
forward slashes / / are
Phonemes used in the UK
ae /ai/ (e ) Gaelic, Israel, reggae, vertebrae Uncommon. Government’s Letters and
/e/ (e) haemorrhage, haemorrhoids UK spelling. Rare.
Sounds phonics
programme. The green
/ee/ (i:) Aeon, algae, haemophilia, paediatrician Mostly UK spellings. symbols in round brackets
are used in the
/igh/ (a ) maestro, taekwondo, curriculum vitae Rare correspondence. International Phonetic
a-e /ai/ (e ) ape, bake, cave, snake, tale Split digraph, sometimes called Alphabet.
‘magic e’.
/i/ ( ) baggage, cabbage, damage, language Less common than the /ai/
sound.
/a/ ( ) have Rare.
ai /ai/ (e ) aim, brain, faint, snail, waist Most common sound for this
digraph.
/i/ ( ) or / / ( ) bargain, captain, mountain, fountain / / represents the schwa sound.
Similar to ‘uh’. The actual
sound spoken depends on
individual accents.
/e/ (e) again, said Rare sound for this digraph.
/a/ ( ) plaid, plait Rare sound for this digraph.
al /or/ ( :) talk, walk, chalk, stalk
/ar/ (ɑ:) half, calm, calve, palm Less common.
/a/ ( ) salmon Very rare.
ar /ar/ (ɑ:) arm, car, dark, farm Most common sound for this
digraph
/or/ ( :) dwarf, war, wardrobe, wart Uncommon – usually after ‘w’.
/air/ (e ) area, Mary, parent, vary Uncommon.
/ / ( ) cellar, dollar, nectar, vinegar Schwa sound. Similar to ‘uh’.
au /or/ ( :) August, caught, haunt, pause
/o/ ( ) Australia, because, fault, vault Uncommon.
/ar/ (ɑ:) aunt, draught, laugh Rare - can be pronounced as /a/
for ant in the north of England.
aw /or/ ( :) awful, crawl, draw, saw
ay /ai/ (e ) day, play, say, tray
ea /ee/ (i:) beach, clean, eat, meal Most common sound for ‘ea’.
/e/ (e) bread, dead, feather, head
/ai/ (e ) break, great, steak, Reagan Rare correspondence.
ee /ee/ (i:) bee, cheese, geese, sheep
e-e /ee/ (i:) athlete, compete, phoneme, these Split digraph, also known as
‘magic e’.
ei /ee/ (i:) ceiling, protein, receive, seize Rare correspondence.
/ai/ (e ) beige, feint, reindeer, veil Rare correspondence.
/e/ (e) heifer, leisure UK accents. Very rare
correspondence.
er /ur/ ( : Br. or US) fern, germ, her, person
/ear/ ( ) cafeteria, cereal, hero, zero
/ / ( ) or ( ) US after, butter, corner, sister Schwa sound. Similar to ‘uh’.
/r/ (r) different, every ‘Silent e.’
eu /oo/ ( ) sleuth, leukaemia, rheumatism Rare correspondence.
/y/ (j) + /oo/ ( ) Europe, feud, neuron, pneumonia Arguable whether acting as a
digraph in these words as it
represents 2 sounds.
ew /oo/ ( ) blew, chew, flew, grew
/y/ (j) + /oo/ ( ) dew, few, new, nephew, skewer The /y/ sound isn’t spoken in all
these words in some accents.
/oa/ ( or o ) sew Very rare correspondence.
ey /ee/ (i:) abbey, donkey, honey, monkey
/ai/ (e ) hey, prey, they, obey Less common correspondence
than /ee/ sound for ‘ey’.
ie /ee/ (i:) achieve, belief, chief, field
/igh/ (a ) cried, flies, pie, satisfied Less common.
/e/ (e) friend Very rare correspondence.
i-e /igh/ (a ) bike, dice, hide, kite
/i/ ( ) give, lived, engine, evasive
/ee/ (i:) elite, machine, police, sardine
ir /ur/ ( : Br. or US) bird, chirp, dirt, girl
oa /oa/ ( or o ) cloak, goat, loaf, soap
/or/ ( :) abroad, broad Rare correspondence.
oe /oa/ ( or o ) doe, goes, Joe, tomatoes
/oo/ ( ) canoe, shoe Rare correspondence.
o-e /oa/ ( or o ) alone, choke, home, nose Split digraph, sometimes called
‘magic e’.
/u/ ( ) come, done, love, some
/oo/ ( ) lose, move, prove Rare correspondence.
oi /oi/ ( ) avoid, boil, coin, oink
oo /oo/ ( ) balloon, food, room, too
/oo/ ( ) book, foot, good, look
/u/ ( ) blood, flood Rare correspondence.
or /or/ ( :) born, cork, for, horse Most common correspondence
for ‘or’.
/ur/ ( : Br. or US) attorney, word, work, world Uncommon.
/ / ( ) or ( ) US doctor, mirror, sailor, tractor Schwa sound. Similar to ‘uh’.
ou /ow/ (a ) bounce, cloud, fountain, house Most common correspondence
for ‘ou’.
/u/ ( ) cousin, touch, rough, young Less common.
/oa/ ( or o ) boulder, mould (UK), shoulder, soul Rare correspondence.
/oo/ ( ) group, soup, you, toucan Rare correspondence.
/ / ( ) anxious, enormous, hideous, serious Schwa sound. Similar to ‘uh’.
ow /ow/ (a ) allow, cow, flower, how Both sound correspondences
for ‘ow’ have a similar frequency
in words.
/oa/ ( or o ) arrow, blow, grow, thrown
oy /oi/ ( ) annoy, boy, enjoy, toy
re / / ( ) (or in acre, centre (UK), mediocre, ogre Schwa sound. Similar to ‘uh’.
some words with US
accent)
ue /oo/ ( ) blue, clue, glue, true
/y/ (j) + /oo/ ( ) argue, cue, rescue, venue Arguable whether this is acting
as a digraph in these words as it
represents 2 sounds.
u-e /oo/ ( ) fluke, June, rude, salute Split digraph, sometimes called
‘magic e’.
/y/ (j) + /oo/ ( ) amuse, costume, cute, mule *Arguable whether this is acting
as a digraph in these words as it
represents 2 sounds.
ui /i/ ( ) build, biscuit, circuit Rare correspondence.
/oo/ ( ) bruise, cruise, fruit, juice Rare correspondence.
ur /ur/ ( : Br. or US) burn, fur, hurt, nurse
/ / ( ) or ( ) US Arthur, lemur, murmur, sulfur Schwa sound. Similar to
‘uh’.
uy /igh/ (a ) buy, guy Rare correspondence.
ye /igh/ (a ) dye, goodbye, rye Rare correspondence.
y-e /igh/ (a ) analyse, style, type, tyre Split digraph. Rare
correspondence.
Vowel Digraph Examples