人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册 学案Unit3Sea Exploration 单元考点突破（有答案）

名师原创：Unit3 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. set sail 起航；开航
【原句再现】
However，merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did. (教材原句P26)
【词块积累】
set sail for ….开船往，动身往
at full sail(s) 开足马力，张起所有的帆，高速前进
go for a sail 乘船游览
【精品例句】
We set sail at high tide.
我们在涨潮时启航。
The ship set sail for Europe.
这艘船启航去欧洲。
Two hours later the ship set sail for China.
两个钟头之后，这艘船就启航来中国了。
【高考链接】
Christopher Columbus set sail _____ the New World in the Santa Maria. （福建卷）(for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A big ship ploughed the sea ______ full sail. (at)
Let's go for ______ sail this afternoon. (a)
2. extend vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长
【原句再现】
A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centered around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)．(教材原句P26)
【词块积累】
extend from ...to ...　从……延伸到……
extend out 伸出
extend through... 贯穿……；达到整个……的长度
extension n. 延伸，扩展
【精品例句】
The car park has been extended.
那个停车场已被扩建了。
They asked the government to extend its period of deliberation.
他们要求政府延长审议的时间。
The branches of the fruit trees extended out over the fences.
果树枝伸出墙外。
【高考链接】
I mean to be talking about a single thing that was extended ______ time.（山东卷）（through）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The tourist season extends ______ May to October. (from)
The girls competed for it，their hands extended _____ into the air. (out)
3. negotiate vt. 商定；达成 (协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
【原句再现】
Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. (教材原句P26)
【词块积累】
negotiate a price商谈价格
negotiate with ….同……协商；谈判；交涉
negotiate for ….为……谈判
negotiate into ….通过谈判使进入
【精品例句】
Rents are individually negotiated between landlord and tenant.
租金由房东和房客单独协商。
They have refused to negotiate on this issue.
他们拒绝就这一问题进行谈判。
I managed to negotiate successfully with the authorities.
我设法同当局进行了成功的协商。
【高考链接】
So what is the best way to negotiate your way _______ a mobile work lifestyle (全国卷.语法填空) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We are negotiating _____ the release of the prisoners. (for)
I'll negotiate ____ their coach on the date of the match. (with)
4. withdraw vi.& vt.(使) 撤回；撤离
【原句再现】
Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries. (教材原句P26)
【词块积累】
withdraw from ….从……撤出，撤回
withdraw money from the bank 从银行取款
withdraw one's eyes from …..把视线从……移开(不再看……)
withdraw a remark 收回发言
withdrawal n. 收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款
【精品例句】
The general decided to withdraw his soldiers.
那位将军决定撤军。
He didn't withdraw his remarks and apologize.
他既没收回发言，也没道歉。
He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
由于受伤，他不得不退出比赛。
【高考链接】
I'd like to withdraw 1，000 dollars ______ my savings account and put it in my cheque account. (安徽卷) (from)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Tell the men to withdraw _____ their new position. (from)
He has made several ______ (withdraw) from his bank account. (withdrawals)
5. inspire vt. 使鼓舞；激励；启发思考
【原句再现】
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. = inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人….
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；令人鼓舞的
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；使有灵感的
inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞
【精品例句】
His brother was admitted to Peking University，which inspired him to study harder.
他的哥哥被北京大学录取了，这激励他更加努力学习
His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心
Our challenge is to inspire them to join our cause.
我们的挑战是要激励他们加入我们的事业
Her inspiring speech yesterday made us inspired．
她昨天的鼓舞人心的演讲使我们深受鼓舞
【高考链接】
The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists _____ (explore) the outer space. (陕西卷) (to explore)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
1. Dreams can be a rich source of _______ (inspire)for an artist. (inspiration)
2. His speech was _______ (inspire) so we were all inspired. (inspiring)
6. command n. 指令；命令；控制；vt. 命令；控制
【原句再现】
Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
acknowledge (doing/having done) sth. 承认 (做了) 某事
under the command of…＝under one's command由……指挥，由……控制
be in command of …. 控制……
take command of….控制……
have a command of...了解/掌握……
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command＋that从句，谓语动词使用“(should＋)动词原形”形式
【精品例句】
At present, the police are in command of the situation here.
目前，警察控制了这里的形势。
Actually, he has 1，000 men under his command
实际上，1 000人在他的指挥之下。
I advised him to command his temper．
我劝他控制自己的脾气。
He commanded us to stop.
他命令我们停下来。
The general issued a command that all of them should come at six o'clock.
将军发布了一道命令， 所有的人都要在六点钟到。
【高考链接】
He commanded that all the gates_______ (shut). (湖北卷)【(should) be shut】
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The captain commanded his men ______ (pack) up and march on. (to pack)
7. in return 作为回报；作为回应
【原句再现】
African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
in return for... 作为……的交换；作为……的报答
in turn 轮流；依次；反过来
by turns 轮流；时而……时而……
on/upon one's return 一回来(就……)
a return ticket 往返票
return to... 回到……
return sth. to sb. 把某物归还某人
【精品例句】
I don't expect anything in return.
我不指望得到任何回报
He wanted to do something in return for the kindness that she offered him.
他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意
You mentioned that you would like to teach me English in return，which is exactly what I am dying for
你提到作为回报你想教我英语，这正是我所渴望的
【高考链接】
I wish I could do something __ return for the kindness I have received from him. (湖南卷) (in)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The people begged to be allowed to return ____ their home village. (to)
8. bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi. 增强信任关系；使牢固结合
【原句再现】
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. (教材原句P27)
【词块积累】
bond between…. 　……之间的联系
bond...to ….把……粘在……上；使……结合
【精品例句】
A strong spiritual bond exists between them.
他们俩在精神上紧密地结合在一起。
This glue makes a good firm bond.
这种胶水粘得很结实。
In half a dozen words，he had explained the bond that linked them.
他用了六七个字就解释清楚了他们之间的关系。
【高考链接】
Silver overlay is bonded ______ the entire surface. (湖南卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There's a bond _____ the twins. (between)
9. benefit vt. &vi. 有益于; 受益; n. 利益; 益处
【原句再现】
China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchanges. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
for the benefit of…= for one’s benefit 为……；为……的利益
be of benefit to… = be beneficial to… 对……有益；对……有利
benefit from/by... 从……受益；得益于
benefit sb. 对某人有益
beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的
【精品例句】
Exercise is highly beneficial to health. 锻炼对健康极为有利
In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
事实上，音乐教育对所有学生都是有益而且重要的 （北京卷）
The rain will benefit the crops greatly. 这场雨对庄稼大有好处
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.
今天我们受益于无数的创造和发明
There are certainly benefits of using a star in a film.
在电影中起用明星肯定是有益处的
He has had the benefit of a first-class education. 他得益于一流的教育
The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor 该款项将用于救助穷人
【高考链接】
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals all its citizens. (福建卷)
A. in charge of B. for the purpose of C. in honor of D. for the benefit of (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I am sure everyone will benefit a lot ______this activity. (from)
Scientific research is of great _______ (beneficial) to mankind. (benefit)
10. effect n. 结果; 效力; 作用; 影响
【原句再现】
From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
effective adj.有效的;生效的
effectively adv有效地
efficiency 效率;效能
greenhouse effect温室效应
bring / put.. into effect实施;实行
in effect 在实施中;有效
take effective measures / steps 采取有效措施
take effect, 相当于come into effect 生效; 起作用
【精品例句】
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响
Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.
一些18世纪的法律至今仍然有效
These measures are just beginning to take effect.这些措施刚开始见效
【高考链接】
The more I understood fish, the more I became ______________ (effect) at finding and catching them. (广东卷) (effective)
If you can find whatever learning method suits you, your learning _______ (effective) is likely to improve greatly. (上海课改卷) (efficiency)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is uncertain what side ______ (effectively) the medicine will bring about. (effect)
11. in hand 在手头；可供使用
【原句再现】
Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. (教材原句P27)
【词块积累】
at hand在手边，在附近
by hand 由人工，用人力
hand in hand 手牵手，携着手
go hand in hand with …..
与……共同行动；与……相配合；与……一致；与……结合在一起
out of hand 无法控制，不可收拾
【精品例句】
I haven't any money in hand.
我手头一分钱都没有。
Your remarks do not bear on the matter in hand.
你的话和目前这件事没有关系。
Let us address ourselves to the matter in hand.
咱们来干手头这件事吧。
【高考链接】
We received a typewritten letter with a note added ______ hand. (湖北卷) (by)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Soon school will end and the vacation will be _____ hand. (at)
Higher returns and higher risk usually go hand _____ hand. (in)
12. except prep/conj. (可接单个的词、短 语或从句) 除…外
【原句再现】
We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare to see the most unique flowers and plants dancing in the fast-moving water. (教材P29)
【词块积累】
except for除了…外; 除去; 只是
exception n. 例外; 例外的人/事
exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的
辨析: besides, except，except for 三者都可用作介词; 都含有 “除..之外” 之意
besides是 “除之外(还)有” 的意思
Two others were on duty besides Helen.
除海伦外，还有两个人值日 (海伦和另外两个人都值日)
except是 “除.之外 (不包括在内)” 的意思。
All are present except Helen. 除海伦外，大家都到了(海伦未到)
besides 还可以作副词，况且; 此外
I'm too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is too late.
我太忙了，没时间散步，况且天也太晚了
except for 的前后内容往往相矛盾
The old man is very kind, except for being serious.
这位老人很善良，就是有点严肃
Except (that) 作连词时可以引导一个句子，表达意思和except for 相近
It’s fine today except (that) it is windy.
今天天气不错，就是有点刮风
【精品例句】
No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.
除了鱼，学生宿舍禁止养其它宠物 2015天津
He usually goes to work on his bike except on rainy days.
除了雨天，他一般都骑自行车上班
The seaside town is beautiful except when it is windy.
这座海滨小镇很美，除了刮风时
This suit fits me well except (that) the trousers are too long.
这套衣 服我穿着很合身，只不过裤子太长了
His composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes.
他的这篇作文写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误
The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing in one corner.
除了角落里立着一个书架外，房间内空荡荡的2013山东
All students without exception must take the English examination.
所有的学生毫无例外，都必须参加英语考试
I don't usually lend people money, but in your case I'll make an exception.
我一般不借钱给别人，但就你的情况我可以破例
【高考链接】
1. Everything was perfect for the picnic _______ the weather. (浙江卷)
A. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of (C)
2. Bicycling is good exercise; _______, it does not pollute the air. (湖南卷)
A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore (B)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
Some people choose jobs for other reasons _______ money these days.
A. for B. except C. besides D. with (C)
13. opportunity n. 机会，时机, 良机
【原句再现】
Do not miss this opportunity to learn all about these amazing animals and see them at close range on their annual migration south to the Antarctic. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
grasp/seize an opportunity 抓住机会；
miss a splendid opportunity 错过一次良机
make an opportunity of doing/to do sth. 创造做某事的机会
have the opportunity of doing / to do sth. 有机会做某事/有做某事的机会
have no/little opportunity of doing/ to do sth. 没有/很少有机会做某事
【精品例句】
I’m glad to have the opportunity of speaking to you.
我很高兴有这个机会给你说话
Mary seized the splendid opportunity to go to a key university last year.
去年玛丽抓住了那个绝佳机会进入一所重点大学学习
【高考链接】
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as we can. (江苏卷.完型)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Nowadays everyone should grasp opportunity _____ (improve) themselves.
( of improving/to improve)
14. forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕
【原句再现】
If we do not protect it, future generations will not forgive us. (教材P32)
【词块积累】
forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 因为..原谅某人
forgive and forget不念旧恶，不记仇
【精品例句】
They forgave him his rudeness.
他们原谅了他的无礼
The pain was acute, and I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me.
那是个剧烈的伤痛，我不能原谅丹尼离我而去
It is a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
不记仇是一种美德，特别是在这样一个竞争激烈，有压力的社会上
【高考链接】
One of my favorite sayings is “understand all and _______ all. (江西卷)
A. protect B. welcome C. support D. forgive (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
At last Jenny forgave her boyfriend for _____ (be) late for the appointment. (being)
15. concern vt. 关于; 与…有关; 涉及; 牵涉; 使担心; 使关心; 使关注; n担心; 忧虑; 关心
【原句再现】
Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration is important for our future. (教材P32)
【词块积累】
concern oneself with…把…与…连一起
concerned adj. 有关的;有关联的; 担忧的;关心的; 关注的; 关心的
be concerned with / in 与…有关；关注；关心
be concerned about / for 担心；关心
as far as sb. be concerned就而言; 关于
concerning prep. 关于
various questions concerning pollution and environment 有关污染和环境的各种问题
the growing concern about/for / over continuing high unemployment
对连续高失业的不断关注对居高不下的失业率的日益担忧
【精品例句】
The film concerns a girl who goes to Africa as a volunteer.
这部电影讲的是一个女孩到非洲当志愿者的故事
Please pay attention because this information concerns all of you.
请注意，因为这条消息涉及你们每一个人
My father’s illness concerns us greatly.
父亲的病情使我们很担心
A good doctor should always concern himself with his patients.
好医生应当时时刻刻关心他的病人
I appreciate everyone's concern and help at this difficult time.
在此困难时刻，我很感激每个人对我的关心和帮助
I'm a bit concerned about/for her safety. 我有点担心她的安全
More people are concerned with the protection of endangered animals.
更多的人关注濒危动物的保护工作
As far as I'm concerned, you can do what you like.
就我个人而言，你想做什么都可以
【高考链接】
I'm doing fine as far as history ____ (concern) concerned, but my math is not good. (安徽卷) (is concerned)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
People concerned _______ the event were all punished. (with/in)
●本单元其它重要词组
16. in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. (教材P26)
●句型点拨
1. what引导名词性从句
【原句再现】
In ancient times，silk from China found its way overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became known as the Silk Road．(教材原句P26)
句式分析：句中what became known as the Silk Road为what引导的名词性从句，作介词along的宾语。
【能力拓展】
what在名词性从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。该从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。
【精品例句】
They've done what they can to help her.
他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He is no longer what he was.
他已经不是以前的那个样子了。
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
【高考链接】
What we can't get seems better than ______ we already have．(陕西卷) (what)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We now live in _____ is called the Information Age. (what)
China is no longer _____ she used to be ten years ago. (what)
2. as引导非限制性定语从句
【原句再现】
Over the centuries，further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century．(教材原句P26)
句式分析：句中as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。
【能力拓展】
※ as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。
※ as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换。
【精品例句】
As is known to the United States，Mark Twain is a great American writer.
美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.
他忘了带笔，这是常有的事。
As I told you before，this is also part of your work.
正如我曾告诉过你的，这也是你工作的一部分。
【高考链接】
Einstein，_____ is well known，is a famous scientist. (湖北卷) (as)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This man，_____ you know，is good for nothing. (as)
●现在完成时（详见语法课件）
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