人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration易混易错点辨析学案（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit3 易混易错点辨析
●climate; weather
【教材原句】
From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. (教材P27)
Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong. (教材P33)
【辨析】
三者都与气象有关，但含义上有一定区别。
climate意思是“气候;气候区;倾向;思潮;风气;环境气氛”。做“气候”讲时，指某一地区常年长期的天气情况，包括气温、干旱程度、降雨量等。
weather意思是“天气，气象”， 通常指某一地区短期内具体的气象变化，包括晴雨寒暖等情况, 属于气候内容的一种表现。
【例句呈现】
He was not used to the local climate.
他不习惯当地的气候。
For most of the year, we have a dry climate in Beijing.
一年中大部分时间，北京的气候都很干燥。
The climate in this region is unwholesome.
这个地区的气候于健康不利。
It is difficult to find work in the present economic climate.
在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。
You'll soon get used to the climate here.
你会很快习惯这儿的气候的。
This will not be possible in the changed economic climate.
这在经济气候已经改变的条件下是不可能的。
Social norm requests that the translation motivation be in accordance with the social climate.
社会规范是指社会思潮要求翻译目的与之吻合。
The biggest ranking criteria in the whole survey is political and social climate.
美世调查报告最重要的一项标准就是政治和社会风气。
There's going to be a change in the weather.
天气将有变化。
Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather.
燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers.
恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
The weather was very kind to us.
天气非常宜人。
The weather got so bad that we had to turn back.
天气变得非常恶劣，我们不得不循原路折回。
Weather satellites have observed a ring of volcanic ash girdling the earth
气象卫星观测到一个环绕地球的火山灰带。
According to the weather forecast, frost is expected tomorrow morning.
据气象预报，明晨将有霜冻。
【考点过关】
用climate和weather填空
1. What was the ________ like on your vacation
2. _______ change of the whole world is still very much a subject for debate.
3. You should go outdoors in such fine _______.
4. The article puts forward a new theory to explain changes in the ___________ of the world.
5. The _______ is very changeable at this time of year.
6. We need to create a ________ in which business can prosper.
7. The game was called off because of bad _______ weather.
8. The ________ of political confusion has only reinforced the country's economic decline.
9. It would be dangerous to risk going out in this ________.
10. The religious ________ at the time refused new ideas.
11. A red sky at night often indicates fine ________ the next day.
12. The warm _______ favors many types of tropical plants.
13. The _______ at the moment is not typical for July.
14. If the _______ in the world changes continue, we will suffer the consequences.
15. Work on the building was impeded by severe _______.
16. As a new psychological ________, positive psychology advocates that psychology should research positive traits of mankind itself.
17. According to the ________ forecast, there will be a gale tomorrow.
18. To maintain a positive school ________ the community follows these guidelines for student behavior.
19. ________ stations are scattered all over the vast plains and the mountain regions.
【参考答案】
1. weather; 2. Climate; 3. weather; 4. climate; 5. weather; 6. climate; 7. weather; 8. climate; 9. weather; 10. climate; 11. weather; 12. climate; 13. weather; 14. climate; 15. weather; 16. climate; 17. weather; 18. climate; 19. Weather
●stay; remain
【教材原句】
It was boring to stay on a boat all day, so Zac read lots of bookis! (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。
stay 意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：
①stay for dinner 留下来吃饭
②stay at home 待在家里
③stay at/in a hotel 住旅馆
④stay the night = stay overnight = stay over 过夜
⑤stay away 走开，不打扰
⑥stay in = stay (at) home待在家里，不外出
⑦stay on 留下来继续（工作，学习）
⑧stay out 待在户外，不回家
⑨stay out of…. 避开，远离，不介入
⑩stay up 熬夜
stay 也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。
remain 意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：
①remain + adj. = stay + adj. 保持….
②remain + n = stay + n 仍然是…..
③remain + prep. + 地点 = stay + prep. + 地点 待在某地，但是，可以说stay (at) home，不能说remain at home, 只能用remain home，去掉at, 两词组可换用。
④sth. remain to be done 某事尚待做
⑤it remain to be seen + wh-从句 …..有待观察/看/尚待定论
⑥there remains ….尚有…..
remain 可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”
【例句呈现】
Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years.
虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
The temperature remained constant while pressure was a variable in the experiment.
做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。
It remains to be seen whether his project will fly.
他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。
The disease often remains undetected for many years.
这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。
There remains the problem of finance.
财政问题仍然存在。
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
We went on to Paris and stayed/remained there eleven days.
我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。
We stayed/remained in a village where time has stood still.
我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。
She stayed at home, afraid to show her face.
她待在家里，不敢露面。
We stayed up all night, setting the world to rights.
我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。
I want you to stay away from my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
His parents won't allow him to stay out late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。
【考点过关】
用remain, stay的适当形式填空
1. She _______ home while the children were young.
2. I went to Ningxia and _______ there for one year.
3. We promised ________ friends for ever.
4. We must ________ competitive in the competitive society.
5. I ________ on the job for five months when they left.
6. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.
7. You should leave those naughty boys _______ out of trouble.
8. Last month, Tom wrote two articles during his short _______ in hospital.
9. So far many of his songs _______ popular.
10. We were told ________ in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened.
11. I never see what has been done; I only see what_______ to be done.
12. It ________ to be seen whether you are right.
13. There ________ one significant problem now.
14. Please _______ calm when you meet with some difficulties.
15. You should ________ quiet when someone is making a speech.
【参考答案】
1. stayed/remained; 2. stayed/remained; 3. to stay/remain; 4. stay/remain; 5. Stayed; 6. to stay; 7. to stay; 8. stay; 9. have remained/stayed; 10. to remain/stay; 11. remains; 12. remains; 13. remains; 14. remain/stay; 15. stay/remain
●come true; realize
【教材原句】
At his press conference, he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true. (教材P28)
【辨析】
两者都有“实现”的意思，但用法有区别。
come true 是系表结构, 无被动语态, 句型结构为：e(s) true，这里的come 为系动词，表示“变成”的意思。
realize vt. 意思是①“实现， 使…..成为现实” ②“认识到，意识到”（通常不用于进行时态）。
【例句呈现】
These predictions will come true if technology continues to develop.
如果科技不断发展，这些预言将会成真。
His dream will come true sooner or later.
他的理想迟早会实现。
Her wish to become a doctor has come true.
她想当医生的愿望实现了。
All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them.
只要有勇气去追求，一切梦想皆可成真。
People think all they need to do is endure one crazy, intense, job-free creative burst and their dreams will come true.
人们认为他们所需要做的事是忍耐一个疯狂，强烈的，无责任的创意突发而他们的梦想将成真。
My dream of getting into Beijing university has come true.
去北京大学读书让我的梦想成真。
The moment I saw her, I realized something was wrong.
我一看到她，就觉得不太对劲。
I don't think you realize how important this is to her.
我认为你没有意识到这对她是多么重要。
The situation was more complicated than they had at first realized.
形势比他们最初意识到的更为复杂。
They managed to leave without any of us realizing.
我们谁也没注意，他们悄悄走了。
Only later did she realize her mistake.
只是到了后来她才意识到自己的错误。
Those are our hopes; we are starting this clinical trial to investigate whether those hopes will be realized.
那些就是我们的希望；我们正在开展这些临床试验以调查那些希望是否可以实现。
Various textile techniques will be explored to realize design possibilities.
将尝试和探索纺织技巧来把这些设计变为现实。
Do you realize the importance of this question
你意识到这个问题的重要性吗
Only then did he realize that he had been wrong.
直到这时他才知道他错了.
【考点过关】
用come true或realize 的适当形式填空
1. The jobless can only hope that such predictions will ______.
2. Every minute you are making all your dreams ______!
3. What dreams would you like to see ________
4. Did Tom’s predictions about the gulf ecosystem _______
5. As soon as we _______ something was wrong, we moved the children away.
6. People don't _______ how serious this recession has actually been.
7. There was a cheer when it ________ that everyone was safely back.
8. She _________ her ambition of becoming a professional singer at last.
9. It takes patience for humans to ______ their dreams
10. It cannot ________ without technological innovation.
【参考答案】
1. come true/be realized; 2. come true/realized; 3. come true/realized; 4. come true; 5. realized; 6. realize; 7. came true/was realized; 8. realized; 9. realize; e true/realize
●mean doing sth. ; mean to do sth.
【教材原句】
When people talk of exploring the sea more, they usually mean exploiting it. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者意思和用法完全不同。
mean doing sth. 意思是“意味着…..；意思是….”。
mean to do sth. 意思是“打算做某事；有意做某事”，相当于intend to do sth、design to do sth.和plan to do sth.
【例句呈现】
Taking this job means taking a lot of risks.
接受这份工作意味着会遇到很多危险。　
Being a student means studying hard.
当学生意味着要努力学习。
Success means working hard.
成功意味着工作努力。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
Doing one thing well doesn't mean doing exactly one thing.
做好一件事并不意味着仅仅做一件事。
Wasting time means killing life.
浪费时间意味着浪费生命。
Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn't mean to do it.
对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
What do you mean to do with it
你打算把它怎样处理
He has always meant to get it repaired.
他一直是想请人修一修的。
I mean to stay here for a long time.
我打算在这儿呆很久。
Breaking the vase is purely accidental; she does not mean to do it.
打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手; 她无意弄坏它。
【考点过关】
根据mean doing sth., mean to do sth.的用法填空
1. Reading means _______ (take) in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself.
2. Sometimes _______ (give) up a little can mean getting more.
3. Please forgive me. I didn't mean _______ (do) that.
4. Her son’s lying to her meant _______ (kill) her.
5. Breaking the dish was accidental; he didn't mean _______ (do) it.
6. To take it apart now would mean _______ (waste) a lot of labor.
7. Revolution means ________ (liberate) the productive forces.
8. What do you mean ________ (do)
9. He still didn't understand that I meant ________ (pay) money first.
10. Do you really mean _________ (do) it sooner
11. Doing that means _______ (waste) time.
12. I meant ________ (give) you this book today, but I forgot.
13. To raise wage means ________ (increase) purchasing power.
14. I meant _______ (come) to see you yesterday, but something happened to me.
15. Having a well-paid job does not mean _______ (give) up your interests.
16. His injury means _______ (miss) next week’s game.
【参考答案】
1. taking; 2. giving; 3. to do; 4. killing; 5. to do; 6. wasting; 7. liberating; 8. to do; 9. paying; 10. to do; 11. wasting; 12. to give; 13. increasing; 14. to come; 15. giving; 16. missing
●especially; specially
【教材原句】
Mining for resources is very damaging, especially in the Arctic. (教材P32)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法不同。
especially副词，意思是 “尤其；特别；格外地”，往往用来对前面所述情况进行说明或补充，不强调目的性，只强调超乎寻常，通常用来修饰名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或者是句子。
specially副词，意思是“专门地；特意地；特别地”，强调目的的唯一性，暗含“，只是为了…而不为别的”。一般修饰动词或介词短语。
温馨提示：especially和specially一般不换用，但是especially可以和particularly通用。
【例句呈现】
We are especially encouraged by the strong representation, this year, of women in information technology disciplines
今年，女性在信息技术领域的突出表现尤其让我们备受鼓舞。
She was especially fond of a little girl named Betsy.
她尤其偏爱一个名叫贝齐的小女孩。
Millions of wild flowers color the valleys, especially in April and May
尤其是在四五月份，不计其数的野花盛开，山谷里一片绚烂色彩。
Under all the innocent fun, there are hidden dangers, especially for children
在所有简单无害的娱乐项目背后都隐藏着危险，特别是对儿童而言。
Re-apply sunscreen every two hours, especially if you have been swimming.
每两个小时重新涂一次防晒油，尤其是在游泳的时候。
The committee is concerned about players' behavior, especially arguing with referees
委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。
Many women, especially as they get older, develop lumpy veins in their legs.
许多妇女，尤其是年纪大了以后，腿上会现出疙疙瘩瘩的青筋。
The ring was specially made for her.
这枚戒指是为她订做的。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
The play was written specially for radio.
这出戏是专为无线电广播而写的。
The compost is specially formulated for pot plants.
此混合肥料专门用于盆栽植物。
They thought he had escaped through a specially constructed tunnel.
他们认为他是通过一条专门修建的地道逃跑的。
Patrick needs to use specially adapted computer equipment
帕特里克需要使用专门改装过的计算机设备。
We came specially to learn from you.
我们是特地来向您学习的。
【考点过关】
1. I made this _______ for your birthday.
2. Their main exports are textiles, _______ silk and cotton.
3. She came to London ________ to see Buckingham Palace.
4. We are not _______ interested in watching movies.
5. You can borrow my laptop for you exam, and you don’t need to buy one ______.
6. She was _______ fond of collecting stamps.
7. The smart-phone is ________ designed for software professionals.
8. It’s __________ hot today.
9. Patrick needs to use _______ adapted computer equipment.
10. Millions of wild flowers color the valleys, ________ in April and May.
11. He came here _________ to say sorry to her.
12. He likes all subjects, _________ English.
13. He returned to her hometown _________ to see her sick mother
14. These books will be __________ helpful to those who wish to improve their English.
15. I came here __________ to ask for your advice.
16. The Great Wall had been added to, __________ during the Ming Dynasty.
【参考答案】
1. specially; 2. especially; 3. specially; 4. especially; 5. specially; 6. especially; 7. specially; 8. especially; 9. specially; 10. especially; 11. specially; 12. especially; 13. specially; 14. especially; 15. specially; 16. especially
●句型have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth.和句型have some difficulty/trouble/problems with sth.
【教材原句】
Did you have problems in studying this unit (教材P34)
【辨析】
两者意思相近，但用法有区别。
sb. have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困难/麻烦/问题”，这里的介词in可有可无。
have some difficulty/trouble/problems with sth. 意思是“某人在做某事方面有困难/麻烦/问题”，这里使用介词with，后面接名词。
温馨提示：
①两个句型中，difficulty, trouble 必须用单数，problem用复数。
②两个句型中的some可根据句意换成little, no, much等。
【例句呈现】
I have some difficulty in understanding my English teacher in class.
我课堂上听不懂英语老师的讲解。
I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English.
我发某些单词的音有些困难。
90.8% of glaucoma patients have some difficulty in sleeping. 93.1% of cases have shallow sleeping.
90.8%青光眼病人存在入睡困难，93.1%病人睡眠不深。
But during the daily teaching, teachers have some difficulty in teaching and so do students in learning, which makes teaching and learning more difficult.
但在实际教学中，却也出现了不少问题，使得部分教师教学和学生学习存在困难。
I have some difficulty in dealing with the abstract-let's get down to some particulars.
我考虑抽象概念有些困难，让我们处理一些具体事情吧。
One person may have no difficulty with language development.
有的人可能有语言开发的困难。
Most of the girls have much difficulty with their families.
所以绝大多数的女孩都会与家庭关系紧张。
You may have some difficulty with this book at first, but you'll find it much easier as you go along.
开始时你或许会觉得这本书难读，但过些时候你便会觉得容易得多。
I have some trouble with the carburetor. The salesman fobbed the lady off with a faulty machine.
推销员把一部有毛病的机器冒充正品卖给了那位女士。
I have some trouble in reading her handwriting.
我认她的笔迹有些困难。
We have some trouble in spelling.
我们在拼写方面有困难。
He has some problems with his work in Canada, I'm afraid.
恐怕他在加拿大那边的事出问题啦。
Thelma& Louise Louise is working in a diner as a waitress and has some problems with her boyfriend Jimmy, who, as a musician, is always on the road.
路易丝是咖啡馆的服务生，她的男朋友杰米是个搞音乐的，经常在外演出，两人有点矛盾。
Levant thinks that Steinbeck has some problems in grasping the structure and materials.
这位评论家认为斯坦贝克在掌握结构与素材上仍有不足。
【考点过关】
请根据句型have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth.和句型have some difficulty/trouble/problems with sth.的用法填空
1. He is likely to have some trouble _______ it, but he shouldn't be completely in the dark about it.
2. As I have some trouble _______ my leg, I can't move around easily, nor can I sit too long.
3. I have some difficulty in _______ (answer) the question.
4. His business has faced difficulty _______ debt.
5. I have some trouble in _______ (pronounce) this sound.
6. She has no difficulty _______ Italian.
7. He has some difficulty in ________ (give) shape to his ideas.
8. She has difficulty ________ English pronunciation.
9. He has some trouble _______ (work) out the problem, I think.
10. He has difficulty _________ (adjust) to group living.
11. He has some problems ________ the language.
12. Children with autism have difficulty ______ social skills and communication.
13. He has difficulty in ________ (identify) with the cause of the disease.
14. He has some problems ________ his teeth.
15. You shouldn't have much difficulty _______ your personal data files.
16. She has difficulty ________ (learn) English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress.
17. I have difficulty communicating _______ a stubborn man like him.
18. This article has discussed some problems in _______ (adjust) to the new requirements.
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. answering; 4. with; 5. pronouncing; 6. with; 7. giving; 8. with; 9. working; 10. adjusting; 11. with; 12. with; 13. identifying; 14. with; 15. with; 16. learning; 17. with; 18. adjusting
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